EASY

TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE
[trih-pan-uh-soh-muh gām'bē-ěn'sē]
Definition: Is a protozoan haemoflagellate endoparasite of man inhabiting the blood, lymph and the
intercellular spaces of different tissues and organs of man.

Sentence: Trypanosoma gambiense is the cause of a vector-borne disease of vertebrate animals, including
humans, carried by genera of tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Source: Science and Technology 7 p.117

AVERAGE

SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE
[shi-gel-uh dis-uhn-ter-ee-ee]
Definition: Is a gram-negative, non-spore forming bacillus that survives as a facultative anaerobe. It is part of
the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Sentence: Shigella dysenteriae is known to be able to survive on soiled linens for up to seven weeks, in water
supplies for 5-11 days, and in kitchen waste for 1-4 days.

Source: Science and Technology 7 p.123

DIFFICULT

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE
[kawr-uh-nee-bak-teer-ee-uhm dif-theer-ee-ee]
Definition: Is a nonmotile, noncapsulated, club-shaped, Gram-positive bacillus that infects the nasopharynx.

Sentence: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacterium that can be spread by droplets, secretions, or direct
contact with people.

Source: Science and Technology 7 p.123

CLINCHER

BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
\ -əˈfīsēˌē , -əˈfis- \

Definition: Is a class of yellow-green algae (division Chrysophyta) comprising the diatoms

Sentence: The bacillariophyceae, popularly called diatoms, form a very important group of both fresh water and
marine unicellular algae

Source: Science and Technology 7 p.121

EASY

CERCOPITHECIDAE
\ sər-kō-pə-ˈthē-sə-ˌdē \
Definition: A family of primates that includes all the Old World monkeys except the anthropoid apes
and is coextensive with a superfamily.

Sentence: Cercopithecidae is a group of simians native to Old World regions including Africa, India and
Southeast Asia.

Source: General Biology 2 p.192

AVERAGE

CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE
[sur-kuhm-val-eyt puh-pil-ee]
Definition: Are bigger than other papillae and are arranged in a v-shaped way in the back of the tongue near the
throat.

Sentence: Circumvallate papillae are used to taste bitter. These sensors can make a person gag from bad
tastes.

Source: General Biology 2 p.43

DIFFICULT

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE
[pol-ee-eth-uh-leen ter-ef-thal-eyt]
Definition: Is a strong, stiff synthetic fibre and resin, and a member of the polyester family of polymers.

Sentence: Polyethylene terephthalate is spun into fibers for permanent-press fabrics, blow-molded into
disposable beverage bottles, and extruded into photographic film and magnetic recording tape.

Source: Physical Science p.118

CLINCHER

TRIIODOTHYRONINE
[trahy-ahy-oh-doh-thahy-ruh-neen]

Definition: Is a thyroid hormone that plays vital roles in the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive
functions, muscle control, brain development and the maintenance of bones.

Sentence: Triiodothyronine affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and
development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.

Source: General Biology 2 p.51

EASY

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE
[pol-ee-meth-uhl meth-ak-ruh-leyt]
Definition: A synthetic resin and a transparent and rigid plastic that is often used as a substitute for glass in
products such as shatterproof windows, skylights, illuminated signs, and aircraft canopies.

Sentence: Polymethyl methacrylate stands out from other plastics due to its high light transmission, its
extremely long service life, and its specific properties such as high resistance to UV light and weathering.

Source: General Chemistry 1 p.263

AVERAGE

AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS
[ag-roh-bak-teer-ee-uhm too-muh-fey-shuhns]
Definition: A gram-negative soil bacterium that infects a wide range of plants and causes tumorous growths
(galls), especially at the root/stem junction (crown gall).

Sentence: The bacterial cells of agrobacterium tumefaciens contain a plasmid, the tumour-inducing plasmid, a
segment of which is transferred to cells of the plant host.

Source: Earth and Life Science p.284

DIFFICULT

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
[buh-sil-uhs thoo-rin-jee-en-sis]
Definition: A bacterium used in genetically altered form in the biological control of budworms, gypsy moth
larvae, Japanese beetles, and other insect pests.

Sentence: Almost natural insecticide is produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis that has been used for
decades by organic farmers to control crop-eating insects.

Source: Earth and Life Science p.285

CLINCHER

POLYACRYLONITRILE
[pol-ee-ak-ruh-loh-nahy-tril]

Definition: It is a hard, rigid thermoplastic material that is resistant to most solvents and chemicals, slow to
burn, and of low permeability to gases.

Sentence: Fibers of polyacrylonitrile have been uses in hot gas filtration systems, outdoor awnings, sails for
yachts, and even fiber reinforced concrete.

Source: General Chemistry 1 p.262

EASY

MANDIBULOACRAL DYSPLASIA
[mān-dĭb'yə-lō-āk'rəl dis-pley-zhuh]

Definition: A hereditary disorder characterized by dental crowding, ulceration and wasting of the skin on the
hands and feet, softening and destruction of the bones, and stiff joints.

Sentence: Mandibuloacral dysplasia is a condition that causes a variety of abnormalities involving bone
development, skin coloring (pigmentation), and fat distribution.

Source: Sci-Bytes 10 p.403

AVERAGE

DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
[dahy-byoo-til thal-eyt]
Definition: A colorless oily liquid, C16 H22O4, insoluble in water, used as a solvent, insect repellent,
and plasticizer.

Sentence: The use of dibutyl phthalate has been restricted in the European Union for use in children's toys
since 1999.

Source: Science Grade 10 p.240

DIFFICULT

HYPOTHALAMOHYPOPHYSEAL TRACT
[hahy-puh-thal-uh-mo-hahy-pof-uh-see-uhl trakt]
Definition: A tract of unmyelinated nerves connecting the hypothalamus and the hypophysis; their cell bodies
are located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

Sentence: Hypothalamohypophyseal tract is a bundle of nerve processes made up of fibers that have cell
bodies in the hypothalamus but release neurosecretions in the posterior pituitary gland or neurohypophysis.

Source: Sci-Bytes 10 p.268

CLINCHER

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
[glos-oh-fuh-rin-jee-uhl nurv]

Definition: Known as the ninth cranial nerve, is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor
information.

Sentence: Glossopharyngeal nerve exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral
(closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve.

Source: Sci-Bytes 10 p.325