NAME : GRESIA PALENTINA HUTAGAOL

NIM: 4193342003

CLASS : BESP 2019

Invertebrate Taxonomy Middle Test in Academic Year 2020/2021

1. Describe the specific characteristic of Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes,

Nemathelminthes and Annelids. The specific characterstic must able to distinguish
among of Invertebrate phylums.
ANSWER:
Porifera characteristic is Multicellular animals with porous bodies, tissues that
have not been formed, have skeletons and water channels,it is heterotrophic by obtaining
food in the water that enters the body through pores,living in the sea, clinging to rocks or
other objects,asexual reproduction by bud formation, gemmule (internal bud) and
regeneration. Sexual reproduction by the formation of gametes.
Cnidaria characterisric is Cnidarians have two layers of cells, the ectoderm and
the endoderm; flatworms have a middle layer called the mesoderm between the other
two layers.This extra layer is important because its cells specialize into a muscular
system that enables an animal to move around. Beginning with the flatworms, all the
animals we will subsequently study have a mesoderm and muscular system. The cells of
the ectoderm and endoderm are also more organized than similar cells of cnidarians. For
the first time, we see groups of tissues that have evolved to form organs, such as the ones
in the digestive, nervous, and excretory systems.
Platyhelminthes characteristic is Acelomate triploblastic animals with bodies of
bilateral symmetry are flat, have a nervous system, a digestive system with one hole, no
circulatory, respiratory and excretory systems,live freely in the sea, fresh water, damp
places or parasites on animals and humans,hemaphrodite, sexual reproduction alone or
cross, asexual reproduction with fragmentation followed by regeneration the
classification is divided into three classes, namely Turbellaria, Trematoda and Cestoda.
Nemathelminthes characteristic is Pseudocoelomate triploblastic animals, bilateral
symmetrical elliptical bodies lined with cuticles with a complete digestive system,
circulatory system by pseudocellomal fluid, lack of respiration and excretion systems
living free or parasites, living on wet land, the bottom of freshwater or high seas, is
parasitic in humans, animals and plants sexual reproduction
Annelida characteristic is The triploblastic animal coelomate, has bilateral
segmented symmetrical bodies, has muscles, a complete digestive system, circulatory
system, nervous system of the rope ladder, namely the nervous system consisting of brain
ganglia in front of the body close to the pharynx and nerve cords that penetrate body
segments and have an excretory system. Does not have a respiratory system, is
hemaphroditic or gonokoris (male and female genitals are separated in different
 individuals).ive freely on the seabed, freshwater, soil and damp places or parasites on
vertebrates reproduction sexually or asexually.

2. Describe the basic taxonomy of Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes

and Annelids until into classes level. Complete the example of every classes. Describe
also why Ctenophora not belongs to Cnidaria but into Coelentrata.
ANSWER:
Phylum Porifera is sponges
Phylum Coelenterata is Cnidaria Corals & Jellyfish
Platyhelminthes is Dipylidium caninum
Annelids is Glycera

3. Describe the economic important and ecology value of Porifera, Cnidaria,

Plathyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes and Annelids on human being.
ANSWER:
Annelida is beneficial for human life such as soil fertility, as a food source, plays
a role in the medical field with hirudin and other substances.Porifera is a constituent of
coral reefs (coral) so that it has an important ecological function for marine
ecosystems.Coelenterata are also constituents of coral reefs (corals) so they have an
ecological function.

4. In order to investigate the animal taxonomy, today the scientist more use DNA barcoding
approach, especially by using mtCOI DNA gene as marker. Describe the procedures that
must be done regarding the species name finding by blasting into gen Bank NCBI.
ANSWER:
Use the BLAST score only as a rough guide to the identity of the source organism
from which the sequence originated.Assign the source organism to the same taxonomic
rank as the best BLAST hit only at the genus level or higher, depending on consistency
among best hits:Assign the source organism to a genus if the best score involves taxa
from that genus.Name the source organism using the next highest ranking (family, order,
class or phylum) which includes all the best hits if there is inconsistency between best
hits regarding genus identity.The source organism should be named 'bacterium <strain>'
(for the Bacteria domain) OR 'archaeon <strain>' (for the Archaea domain) if there is
uncertainty regarding the exact phylum
Check the "taxonomy report" provided with BLAST results. The initial report presents
the information in the definition field of the associated sequence records.Although this
field should be updated if there is a change in the taxonomic name or lineage of the
organism of origin in the record, the complete individual sequence record should be
checked to ensure that proper taxonomic information is used in the field definition.Note:
 species names can be assigned to the source organism only if a species specific primer is
used during amplification. If not, you must use a genus level or higher rank to name the
organism.

5. Describe the preventative actions that must be done in order to minimize the infection of
following worms on human being: Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma spp., Taenia solium,
Taenia saginata, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis
and Wuchereria bancrofti.
ANSWER:
Must be hygienic, infectious worm infections from food that has been
contaminated with tapeworm larvae or eggs. Therefore, make sure the food you buy,
store, and eat must be hygienic. Keep food in a closed place, do the same thing when
storing it in the refrigerator.Never eat fruit or vegetables without washing them
beforehand. If necessary, process the vegetables by boiling or cooking them up to the
eyes. Apart from being contaminated by tapeworms, fruits and vegetables may still
contain chemical compounds from pesticide sprays.Avoid raw foods eating raw food may
be very tempting for some people. However, the fact is that tapeworm infection can be
transmitted through raw food. Raw food leaves a variety of bacteria and germs in it,
especially meat.Always wash your hands with clean water and soap before every meal,
before cooking and providing food, after defecating, and after touching the ground,wash
fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consumption,make sure the food is completely
cooked before consumption,try to only drink bottled water that is still sealed when
traveling. If not available, bring the water to a boil before drinking it.

6. Write in correct form the following animal name according to IZCN rule and giving the
some reasons.
a) chyrsoma sp
b) porifera
c) trigona chanchamayoensis
d) ophiocrossota multispinaljungman 1867