WORKSHEETS

1.  Green Plants – The Food Producers

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Why are only green plants able to produce their own food?
2. Why are leaves called the food factory of a plant?
3. Define photosynthesis.
4. How do non-green plants obtain their food?
5. In what ways plants, human beings and animals depend on each other?

B. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Plants breathe through chlorophyll. __________
2. Food is stored in plants in the form of starch. __________
3. If we put a few drops of iodine on a dry leaf, it turns blue-black
in colour. __________
4. Mushrooms have variegated leaves. __________
5. Plants and animals are dependent on each other. __________

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Plants breathe through tiny openings called ____________.
2. ____________ traps the sunlight used for preparation of food.
3. The food prepared by a leaf is called ____________.
4. Apart from food, ____________ is also given out by plants during photosynthesis.
5. Plants give ____________, ____________ and oxygen to human beings.

D. Match the following.

Column A Column B
1. Tiny openings in leaves (a) Moulds
2. Variegated leaves (b) Sugar
3. Non-green plant (c) Starch
4. Food prepared by plant (d) Chlorophyll
5. Stored food in leaves (e) Croton plant
6. Green pigment in leaves (f ) Stomata
E. Tick the correct answer.
1. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through
(a) roots. (b) stomata. (c) stems. (d) chlorophyll.
2. Which amongst these plants have leaves in the form of spines?
(a) Cactus (b) Croton (c) Moulds (d) Money plant
3. Which of these plants does not contain chlorophyll?
(a) Cactus (b) Mushroom
(c) Money plant (d) None of these
4. Which of these is not required by plants during the process of photosynthesis?
(a) Water (b) Sunlight
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Oxygen
5. Which of the following leaf will turn blue-black when a few drops of iodine solution
are put on it?
(a) A fresh green leaf
(b) A dried yellow leaf
(c) A leaf from a plant kept in a dark room
(d) None of these
 ANSWERS

A. 1. Green plants are able to produce their own food because of the presence of a
substance called chlorophyll in their leaves.
2. Leaves are called the food factory of a plant because they prepare food for the plant
in the presence of chlorophyll using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
3. The process of making food by plants using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide in
the presence of chlorophyll is known as photosynthesis.
4. Non-green plants obtain their food from dead and decaying plants and animals.
5. Plants give food, shelter and oxygen to human beings and animals. In turn, human
beings and animals give out carbon dioxide which is used by plants to carry out
photosynthesis. This is how plants, human beings and animals depend on each
other.
B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False
5. True
C. 1. stomata 2. Chlorophyll 3. sugar 4. oxygen
5. food, shelter
D. 1. (f ) 2. (e) 3. (a) 4. (b)
5. (c) 6. (d)
E. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d)
5. (a)

 2.  Adaptations for Survival in Plants

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Why do plants develop adaptations?

2. What is a habitat? Name the two types of habitats of plants.

3. What are the adaptations of the plants that grow in the following regions?

(a) Plains (b) Hills (c) Coastal areas

4. What are fixed plants? What are the adaptations found in these plants?

5. What are insectivorous plants?

B. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Mango is a terrestrial plant. __________

2. Plants growing in plains are adapted to survive with least

amount of water. __________

3. Water lily is an underwater plant. __________

4. Mushrooms make their food through photosynthesis. __________

5. Plants growing in coastal areas do not shed their leaves

throughout the year. __________

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Plants that grow in water are called ____________ plants.
2. Plants that are adapted to grow in ____________ have long root system that go
deep into the ground.
3. Pine tree has ____________ and ____________ leaves.
4. In floating plants, ____________ is present in the upper surface of the leaves.
5. There is no ____________ in the leaves of underwater plants.

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. The region where a living thing lives or grows naturally
2. Plants that grow on land
 3. Plants that are not fixed at the bottom of the water body and have a fibrous root
system
4. Plants completely submerged in water
5. Plants with leaves modified to capture insects

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Cedar (a) Plains

2. Teak (b) Deserts

3. Mangrove tree (c) Hills

4. Date palm (d) Marshy places

5. Sheesham (e) Coastal areas

 ANSWERS

A. 1. Plants develop adaptations in order to survive in different places.

2. The region where a living thing lives or grows naturally is called its habitat. The two
types of habitats of plants are terrestrial and aquatic.
3. (a) Trees growing in plains have many branches. These trees shed their leaves in
autumn and bear leaves in spring.
(b) Trees growing in hills are tall, straight and conical to allow snow to slide down
easily. Their leaves are waxy and needle-like, so that they lose minimum
amount of water and shed snow without difficulty.
(c) Trees growing in coastal areas are adapted to grow in the presence of salty
water. They have plenty of leaves and do not shed their leaves throughout the
year.
4. Those plants whose roots are fixed to the bottom of the pond are called fixed
plants. Their stems are long, hollow, light and flexible so that they can bend easily
with the waves of water and do not get uprooted. Their leaves float on the surface
of the water body.
5. Plants which eat insects are called insectivorous plants. Venus flytrap, sundew and
pitcher plant are some of the examples of insectivorous plants.
B. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. 1. aquatic 2. deserts 3. waxy, needle-like 4. chlorophyll
5. stomata
D. 1. Habitat 2. Terrestrial plants 3. Floating plants 4. Underwater plants
5. Insectivorous plants
E. 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)
 3.  Reproduction in Animals

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What is reproduction?
2. Define mammals. Give examples.
3. Write some features of mammals.
4. What are the different stages of development in amphibians?
5. Discuss the life cycle of a housefly.
6. How do reptiles reproduce?

B. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Birds that lay eggs are called mammals. __________
2. Mammals are warm-blooded animals. __________
3. The yellow coloured middle part of the egg is called albumen. __________
4. Cockroaches have four stages of development. __________
5. A tadpole breathes through gills. __________
6. A larva is called caterpillar in case of a butterfly. __________

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Mammals have a highly developed ____________.
2. Inside the yolk lies an ____________ which later develops into a chick.
3. Frogs lay their eggs in large clusters called ____________ in water.
4. The process of change of a tadpole into an adult is called ____________.
5. The albumen is rich in ____________.

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Animals that maintain constant body temperature despite changing climatic conditions
2. An organism at any time before hatching or birth
3. An animal which is capable of living both on land and in water
4. Larva of a housefly
5. Animals that give birth to their young ones

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B
1. Seal (a) Aquatic animal
2. Spiny anteater (b) Caterpillar
3. Fish (c) Egg-laying mammal
4. Cockroach (d) Mammal
5. Butterfly (e) Nymph
 ANSWERS

A. 1. The process by which living things produce their offspring is known as reproduction.
2. Animals that give birth to their young ones are called mammals. Human beings,
cows and sheep are some of the mammals.
3. Mammals have the following features:
• They have a highly developed brain.
• Their bodies are covered with hair or fur to keep them warm.
• They maintain constant body temperature despite changing climatic conditions.
• Mammals have four limbs. They may have two legs and two arms or four legs or
a pair of flippers and fins.
• Mammals look after their young ones properly. They feed them with their milk.
They clean them, keep them warm and protect them from enemies and climatic
changes.
4. Amphibians like frogs lay their eggs in large clusters called spawns in water. An
egg develops into a fish-like tadpole or larva. A tadpole has a tail like a fish and
it breathes through gills. It keeps growing and changing into a mature frog. In
the process, it develops legs and small teeth, loses its gills and develops lungs for
breathing. Finally, it becomes an adult frog.
5. An egg of a housefly develops into a worm-like larva. A larva is called a maggot in
case of a housefly. The maggot feeds on garbage and then crawls to a cool place.
There, it transforms into a pupa. An adult housefly comes out of the pupa.
6. Reptiles reproduce by laying their eggs in holes in the ground.
B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. True
C. 1. brain 2. embryo 3. spawns 4. metamorphosis 5. proteins
D. 1. Warm-blooded animals 2. Embryo 3. Amphibian 4. Maggot
5. Mammals
E. 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (b)
 4.  Adaptations for Survival in Animals

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What are terrestrial animals? Give examples.
2. Write some adaptations of the terrestrial animals.
3. What is hibernation?
4. Give some adaptations of aerial animals.
5. Write a short note on camouflaging.

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Snakes possess ____________ or ____________ which enable them to crawl.

2. Seals have a thick layer of fat under their skin called ____________.

3. The body of aerial animals is ____________ in the front and at the back and
____________ in the middle.

4. Carnivores have sharp, pointed and curved front teeth called ____________ for
tearing the flesh.

5. ____________ defends itself by mimicking a snake.

6. Aquatic animals have ____________ feet which help them in swimming.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Terrestrial animals do not have a developed nervous system. __________

2. To protect themselves from cold weather, some animals

become inactive and sleep for several months. __________

3. Animals living in deserts have a thin skin with lots of hair on it. __________

4. Amphibians breathe through their moist skin when they are in water. __________

5. The hindlimbs of aerial animals are modified as wings. __________

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Animals that live in water

2. Animals that can fly

 3. Animals that live mostly on trees

4. Animals that no longer exist

5. Animals that live either on or inside the bodies of other animals to obtain food

6. Animals that can live both on land and in water

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Blubber (a) Bear

2. Hibernation (b) Frog

3. Moist skin (c) Zebra

4. Camouflage (d) Penguin

5. Incisors (e) Goat

 ANSWERS
A. 1. Terrestrial animals are the animals that live on land. Dogs, cats, horses and lions are
some examples of terrestrial animals.
2. Terrestrial animals have the following adaptations:
• Terrestrial animals have a well-developed nervous system and sense organs
which enable them to sense changes in their surroundings.
• Most of them have four legs which help them to walk, jump and move on land
or to hunt and defend themselves. Exceptions like snakes do not have legs. They
possess scales or plates which enable them to crawl.
• They have lungs to breathe.
• Animals living in deserts have a thick skin with very little hair on it. Their skin
protects them from the burning heat of the sun. Some of these animals like camels
have special organs to store water because water is not easily available in deserts.
• Animals living in cold regions like yak and polar bears have a thick skin with fur
on it to keep them warm. Some of them like penguins and seals have a thick
layer of fat under their skin called blubber. This helps to keep their body warm
and is used as food in winter.
• Animals like bears and frogs become inactive and sleep for several months in
cold conditions to protect themselves from cold. This is called hibernation or
winter sleep.
3. Animals like bears and frogs become inactive and sleep for several months in cold
conditions to protect themselves from cold. This is called hibernation or winter sleep.
4. Aerial animals show the following adaptations:
• Their forelimbs are modified as wings to help them to fly. They also have feathers
that keep them warm and help during flight.
• Their body is very light as it consists of hollow bones.
• Their body is narrow in the front and at the back and broad in the middle. This
shape helps them to cut through the air and fly easily.
5. Animals develop various features that help them to obtain food, live in their habitats
and protect themselves from predators.
The body colour of animals like zebra, parakeet, chameleon and polar bear can
easily blend with their surroundings. They, thus, confuse their enemies and escape
from them. This is known as camouflaging.
B. 1. scales, plates 2. blubber 3. narrow, broad 4. canines
5. Moth caterpillar 6. webbed
C. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
D. 1. Aquatic animals 2. Aerial animals 3. Arboreal animals
4. Extinct animals 5. Parasites 6. Amphibians
E. 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (e)
 5.  More about Insects

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Name the different parts of an insect’s body.
2. What is thorax?
3. What does the abdomen of an insect contain?
4. Explain the life cycle of a butterfly.
5. How can we get rid of the harmful insects?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Insects have a pair of ____________, a pair of ___________ and ____________ on
their head.
2. The chest of an insect is known as ____________.
3. Some insects are ____________ in their behaviour.
4. A butterfly has ____________ stages in its life cycle.
5. We get ____________ and ____________ from the beehive.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Fish do not have a backbone. __________
2. Insects use their antennae to detect odour, vibrations and sounds. __________
3. Insects have three pairs of legs. __________
4. The abdomen of an insect has twelve segments. __________
5. The thorax of an insect has composite eyes. __________

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. The hard outer covering of insects
2. The chest of an insect
3. The series of changes through which an organism passes during its life
4. Chemicals used to destroy pests
5. Caterpillar after spinning a cocoon around itself
 ANSWERS

A. 1. An insect’s body consists of three parts—head, thorax (chest) and abdomen

(stomach).
2. The chest of an insect is known as thorax.
3. The abdomen contains the heart, respiratory system, excretory system, digestive
system and reproductive system. It may also contain specialized organs like stingers.
4. A butterfly has four stages in its life cycle.
• An adult butterfly lays eggs.
• The eggs hatch and larvae (singular larva) come out. They are known as
caterpillars. They eat leaves and grow in size.
• The caterpillars spin a cocoon around themselves and are now called pupae
(singular pupa).
• After some time, butterflies come out of the pupae. They grow and become
adults.
5. We can get rid of the harmful insects in different ways.
• We can use chemicals to destroy pests. These are called insecticides and
pesticides.
• We can also use some natural methods. For example, we can keep dried neem
leaves in clothes, or apply neem or kerosene oil on wooden furniture, etc.
B. 1. antennae, eyes, mouthparts 2. thorax 3. social 4. four
5. honey, beeswax
C. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False
D. 1. Exoskeleton 2. Thorax 3. Life cycle 4. Pesticides 5. Pupa
 6.  Food and Nutrition

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Why do we need food?

2. What are nutrients? Name the different categories in which nutrients are grouped.

3. Why are proteins called the bodybuilding food?

4. What is a balanced diet?

5. Give two examples of food rich in the following nutrients.

(a) Fats (b) Roughage (c) Proteins (d) Minerals

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Food contains substances which provide ____________ for ____________ and

___________ of our body.

2. Growing children require more ____________ in their diet.

3. Fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in ____________ and minerals.

4. Eating too much or too little of any nutrient can cause ____________.

5. Roughage helps in the proper functioning of ____________ system.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Carbohydrates give us more energy than fats. __________

2. Roughage has no food value and cannot be digested. __________

3. Minerals help our body to fight diseases. __________

4. Too much fat is good for us. __________

5. Our body uses the food we eat to obtain energy for

performing various internal activities. __________

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not a nutrient?

(a) Fat (b) Proteins (c) Minerals (d) Roughage

 2. Sportspersons and labourers require lots of ____________ in their food.

(a) carbohydrates (b) proteins

(c) vitamins (d) minerals

3. Butter, meat and nuts are rich in

(a) proteins. (b) fats. (c) roughage. (d) vitamins.

4. Sunlight is a source of

(a) carbohydrates. (b) minerals.

(c) vitamins. (d) fats.

5. Vitamins and minerals are also known as

(a) protective food. (b) fibre.

(c) bodybuilding food. (d) energy-giving food.

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Carbohydrates (a) Keep body warm

2. Fats (b) Fight diseases

3. Proteins (c) Form body components

4. Vitamins (d) Give energy to body

5. Minerals (e) Help in growing

 ANSWERS

A. 1. We need food to survive. Food provides us energy for performing various internal
activities like respiration and digestion, and physical activities like playing and
walking. It also helps in the growth of our body.
2. Food contains substances which provide energy for survival and growth of our
body. These substances are called nutrients. Categories in which nutrients are
grouped are—carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
3. Proteins are called the bodybuilding food because they help us to grow.
4. The diet which contains balanced amounts of all the nutrients together along with
roughage and water is called balanced diet.
5. (a) Oil, nuts
(b) Brown rice, oatmeal
(c) Fish, eggs
(d) Milk, meat
B. 1. energy, survival, growth
2. proteins
3. vitamins, minerals
4. diseases
5. digestive
C. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
D. 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a)
E. 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (e) 4. (b) 5. (c)
 7.  The Digestive System and Teeth

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What is digestion?

2. Name the organs that constitute the digestive system.

3. Write a short note on small intestine.

4. List some ways to help in proper functioning of digestive system.

5. Differentiate between temporary and permanent teeth.

6. With the help of a well-labelled diagram, explain structure of a tooth.

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Food from the mouth passes through the ____________ and reaches the stomach.

2. Food from the stomach moves into the ____________.

3. The ____________ food is pushed into the large intestine.

4. The waste called ____________ is then expelled out of the body through the
____________.

5. ____________ are present behind the premolars.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Water helps to remove the waste products from the body. __________

2. There are ten premolars in an adult’s mouth. __________

3. Digestion of food begins in the stomach. __________

4. If the food is not chewed well, incomplete digestion takes place. __________

5. The canines are used for biting and cutting the food. __________

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. Food in the mouth is softened with a watery substance called

(a) digestive juice. (b) saliva.

(c) faeces. (d) pulp.

 2. The number of teeth in a set of permanent teeth are

(a) 32. (b) 30. (c) 28. (d) 22.

3. The hard substance that lies under the enamel is

(a) root. (b) crown. (c) dentine. (d) gum.

4. The number of molars in an adult jaw is

(a) 6. (b) 4. (c) 8. (d) 12.

5. There are ______ canines in an adult’s mouth.

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

6. The sticky yellow coating that forms on teeth if they are not cleaned regularly is
called

(a) saliva. (b) fibre. (c) plaque. (d) dentine.

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Crown (a) Soft tissue surrounding the base

of tooth

2. Root (b) Soft centre of a tooth

3. Enamel (c) Anchor of a tooth

4. Pulp (d) Visible part of a tooth

5. Gum (e) Hard, white, shiny part of a tooth

 ANSWERS

A. 1. The process by which food is broken down into simpler forms to be easily absorbed
by the body is known as digestion.
2. The digestive system comprises of the mouth, food pipe, stomach, liver, small and
large intestines and the anus.
3. The small intestine is a long coiled tube. Food from the stomach passes into the
small intestine. Here the food breaks down even further until it becomes small
enough to pass through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The
blood absorbs the nutrients of the food and carry it to all parts of the body.
The undigested food is then pushed into the large intestine.
4. Following are the ways to help in proper functioning of digestive system:
• Drink a lot of water. It helps to remove the waste products from your body.
• Eat a balanced diet that includes fibre-rich food. The presence of fibre makes it
easier for your body to pass out the waste.
• Take small portions of meals at regular intervals. Do not overeat.
• Wash your hands properly before and after every meal.
• Chew your food properly.
5. Teeth that start coming out six to seven months after the birth are called temporary
teeth. There are twenty temporary teeth. They fall when we are six to seven years
old.
At about six to seven years of age, permanent teeth replace the temporary teeth.
There are thirty two permanent teeth in our mouth.

6. enamel

crown dentine

gums

pulp

root
blood
vessel

nerve
Parts of a Tooth
 A tooth may be divided into two parts—crown and root. The crown is the visible
part of a tooth. The root is the anchor of a tooth and is inside the gums. The outer
part of a tooth is called enamel. It is very hard, white and shiny. Under the enamel
lies the hard dentine. Inside the dentine lies the soft centre of the tooth called the
pulp. It contains blood vessels and nerves and it nourishes the dentine. The soft
tissue that surrounds the base of the tooth is called the gum.
B. 1. food pipe 2. small intestine 3. undigested 4. faeces, anus 5. Molars
C. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False
D. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c)
E. 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (e) 4. (b) 5. (a)
 8.  Keeping Safe

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What precaution should we take when handling hot objects in the kitchen?

2. What safety measures should be taken in the bathroom?

3. How can we assure our safety while swimming?

4. What is first aid? Why is it given to an injured person?

5. What first aid steps should be followed in case of burns?

6. What first aid should be given to a person who is badly hurt?

B. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. It is safe to talk on mobile while driving. __________

2. Accidents can take place anywhere. __________

3. We should accept eatables offered to us by strangers. __________

4. Before treating a cut or wound, we should wash our

hands properly. __________

5. It is safe to apply butter on a burnt area. __________

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Do not wear ________ clothes while working in the kitchen as they catch fire easily.

2. We should not take a medicine without asking an ____________.

3. When on road, we should always walk on the ____________.

4. In case of cuts, we should clean the area with ____________.

5. To get relief from an insect bite, apply ____________ lotion on the affected area.

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. In case of bee sting, apply a paste of ____________ and antiseptic cream on the
affected area.
(a) calamine lotion (b) baking soda
(c) washing soda (d) flour
 2. Which of the following things should not be done in case of a major burn?
(a) Wash the burnt area with cold running water.
(b) Apply calamine lotion.
(c) Bandage it.
(d) Consult a doctor.

3. If a person faints, we should make him lie down

(a) with his head lower than the body.
(b) with his head higher than the body.
(c) on his back.
(d) with his face covered.

4. Which of the following should be done to avoid accidents in bathroom?

(a) Leaving soap bar on the floor
(b) Keeping the bathroom dry after use
(c) Touching electrical equipments with wet hands
(d) All of these
 ANSWERS

A. 1. We should use oven gloves or tongs while handling hot objects in the kitchen.
2. Following are the safety measures that should be taken in the bathroom:
• Do not leave soap bar on the floor. Always keep it in a soap dish.
• Do not spill liquid detergents or shampoos on the floor. The floor gets slippery.
• Clean the bathroom floor and keep it dry after use.
• Do not touch any electrical equipments kept in the bathroom with wet hands.
• Do not play with razors, blades and scissors kept in your father’s shaving kit.
3. We can assure our safety while swimming by using a swimming tube if we are not
perfect swimmers. We should also make sure that an adult is present when we go
for swimming.
4. First aid is the immediate help given to an injured person before the doctor
arrives. The main aim behind providing first aid to an injured person is to avoid any
complications that may arise and thus save his life.
5. Following are the first aid steps taken in case of burns:
• In case of a minor burn, wash the burnt area with cold running water. Dipping the
burnt area in cold water or putting an ice pack on it helps relieve the irritation.
• Apply an antiseptic cream or calamine lotion on the burnt area. Do not bandage
it.
• Do not apply butter or oil on the burnt area as it may get infected. Do not try to
burst or prick blisters.
• Take medical help for major burns.
6. If a person is badly hurt, make the person lie down with the wounded part slightly
elevated. Wrap some ice cubes in a towel and put it on the wound to stop bleeding.
When bleeding stops, apply an antiseptic cream and tie a bandage. Call for the
doctor immediately.
B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
C. 1. synthetic 2. adult 3. pavement 4. antiseptic solution 5. calamine
D. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
 9.  More about Clothes

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the three basic needs of human beings?

2. Why do we wear clothes?

3. What are natural fibres? Give examples.

4. Give examples of how people wear different clothes according to their profession.

5. How can we take care of our clothes?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Clothes protect us from changing ____________ conditions.

2. A raincoat is made of ____________ material, thereby protecting us from the rain.

3. Synthetic fibres are prepared ____________.

4. People of Jammu and Kashmir wear a thick long dress called ____________.

5. Keeping mothballs or dried neem leaves in woollen clothes keep insects like
____________ and ____________ away.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Clothes protect us from dust and insect bites. ______________

2. Flax and hemp are animal fibres. ______________

3. Many yarns when twisted together make fibres. ______________

4. The traditional dress of Kerala consists of

mundu and neriyathu. ______________

5. Coloured clothes should be dried in the sun. ______________

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. Which amongst the following is a plant fibre?

(a) Hemp (b) Wool (c) Rayon (d) Silk

 2. Which of these is the national dress of Japan?

(a) Hanbok (b) Kimono (c) Phiran (d) Sari

3. Which of the following is not a quality of synthetic fibres?

(a) Waterproof (b) Stretchable (c) Fireproof (d) Wrinkle-free

4. Which of these is a synthetic fibre?

(a) Lycra (b) Jute (c) Flax (d) Hemp

5. People wear different clothes depending upon the

(a) climate of place. (b) cultural tradition.

(c) profession. (d) all of these.

E. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Fibres obtained from nature

2. Man-made fibres

3. National dress of Korea

4. National dress of women of India

5. Dress made of waterproof material worn in rainy season

 ANSWERS

A. 1. The three basic needs of human beings are food, shelter and clothes.
2. We wear clothes to protect ourselves from cold, heat, rain, dust and insects.
3. Fibres that are obtained from either plants or animals are called natural fibres.
Cotton, jute, flax, hemp, silk and wool are examples of natural fibres.
4. People wear different clothes according to their jobs or profession. Lawyers wear
black coats, doctors and nurses wear white coats and students wear their school
uniform.
5. Following are the ways in which we can take care of our clothes:
• Clothes should be washed properly with a good quality detergent or soap.
Coloured clothes should be dried in shade and white clothes should be dried in
the sun.
• Woollen and silk clothes are very delicate. They should either be dry-cleaned or
washed with a mild detergent.
• While keeping woollen or silk clothes, mothballs or dried neem leaves should be
kept in them. This helps to keep insects like silverfish and moths away.
• Cotton clothes should be ironed before wearing.
• We should mend clothes that are torn or have broken buttons before wearing
them.
B. 1. weather 2. waterproof 3. artificially 4. phiran
5. silverfish, moths
C. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False
D. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
E. 1. Natural fibres 2. Synthetic fibres 3. Hanbok 4. Sari 5. Raincoat
 10.  Rocks and Soil

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What is soil?

2. Write a short note on soil formation.

3. List some uses of pebbles and gravel.

4. Discuss the different types of soil.

5. What is soil erosion? Discuss the factors responsible for it.

6. What is terrace farming?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. ____________, ____________ and temperature act continuously on rocks.

2. Soil is formed due to ____________ of rocks and minerals.

3. The sand gets mixed with ____________ and forms soil.

4. ____________ soil consists of big sand particles.

5. ____________ of plants bind soil particles together.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Rocks are made of two or more minerals. ____________

2. Soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s surface. ____________

3. Sand is coarser than gravel. ____________

4. Clayey soil contains humus. ____________

5. Construction of dams result in soil erosion. ____________

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Small stone that is naturally smooth and rounded

2. Soil that is sticky in nature and holds lot of water

3. Removal of fertile topsoil by the action of wind and water

 4. Excessive cutting of trees

5. Practice of farming by making terraces on the hillside

E. Tick the correct answer.

1. Extremely fine sand is called

(a) soil. (b) clay. (c) dust. (d) gravel.

2. Gravel is used in

(a) growing plants. (b) concrete.

(c) terrace farming. (d) none of these.

3. Which of the following does not cause soil erosion?

(a) Wind (b) Terrace farming

(c) Water (d) Overgrazing

4. The topmost layer of the earth’s surface is called

(a) soil. (b) rock. (c) dust. (d) none of these.

5. Which of these soil contain humus?

(a) Sandy soil (b) Clayey soil (c) Loam (d) None of these
 ANSWERS

A. 1. Soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s surface.

2. The formation of soil takes place over hundreds and thousands of years. Soil is
formed from the weathering of rocks and minerals. The hard rocks present on the
surface of the earth are heated up by the sun and cooled down by rain and wind.
Due to this constant heating and cooling, they develop cracks. With the passage
of time and continuous action of wind, water and temperature, these cracks get
bigger and bigger. As a result, the rocks break up into smaller pieces. They are then
carried away by wind and water. When these pieces of rocks rub against each other,
they further break into very tiny particles forming pebbles, gravel and finally sand.
This sand gets mixed with humus and forms soil.
3. Some of the uses of pebbles and gravel are as follows:
• They are used in statues, flooring, parks, gardens, fountains, etc.
• Gravel is widely used in concrete and as a surfacing for roads and driveways.
4. Soil varies in colour, texture and composition. There are three types of soil—sandy,
clayey and loam.
• Sandy soil consists of big sand particles. It is dry and light. It does not hold much
water.
• Clayey soil is composed of very fine particles. It is sticky in nature and can hold a
lot of water.
• Loam is a mixture of sand and clay. It can hold air and water. It contains humus.
5. Soil erosion is the removal of the fertile topsoil by the action of water and wind.
Wind and water carry soil from one place to the other. During this process, the top
layer of the soil which is rich in humus and thus very fertile is blown or washed
away with wind or water respectively. Besides wind and water, human activities like
deforestation and building of roads and industries, and overgrazing by animals are
also responsible for soil erosion.
6. The practice of farming by making terraces on the hillside is known as terrace
farming.
B. 1. Wind, water 2. weathering 3. humus 4. Sandy 5. Roots
C. 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False
D. 1. Pebble 2. Clayey soil 3. Soil erosion 4. Deforestation
5. Terrace farming
E. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
 11.  Matter and Water

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Define matter. Name the three states of matter.

2. What is the arrangement of molecules in solids?

3. Define the following terms.

(a) Condensation   (b) Freezing   (c) 

Solution (d) Solute

4. Why should we purify water?

5. Discuss some methods for purification of water.

6. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The properties of a substance depend on the __________ of molecules in it.

arrangement
2. ____________
Solid have a fixed shape and size.

3. ____________
Liquid is the most abundant substance on the earth.

4. The soft, white flakes that fall down when water vapour freeze in air are called
____________.
snow
5. The safest method of water ____________ is boiling.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Atoms are the smallest particles of which matter is made of. __________
TRUE
2. Liquids do not have a fixed shape and fill all the available space. __________
FALSE
3. Six out of ten parts of our body weight is water. __________

4. Water evaporates faster when the air is moist. __________

FALSE
5. Turmeric is completely soluble in water. __________
TRUE

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. Water exists in

(a) solid. (b) liquid. (c) gas. (d) all of these.

 2. When water vapour in the atmosphere condense and settle as droplets on the
ground, we call it

(a) fog. (b) dew. (c) hail. (d) snow.

3. When temperature of water is increased, the solubility of solute

(a) increases. (b) decreases.

(c) remains the same. (d) none of these.

4. Which of the following is soluble in water?

(a) Sand (b) Stone (c) Turmeric (d) Chalk powder

5. Germs in water can be killed using chemicals like

(a) baking soda. (b) chlorine. (c) calcium. (d) salt.

E. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Small pellets of ice that fall on earth when rain drops freeze

2. The quality of being soluble

3. Substances that dissolve completely in water

4. The process of settling down of insoluble impurities at the bottom of the container

5. The process of change of solid to liquid form

 ANSWERS

A. 1. Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. The three states of
matter are solid, liquid and gas.
2. In solids, molecules are packed very close to each other.
3. (a) When a gas is cooled down or its temperature is reduced, it becomes a liquid.
This process is called condensation.
(b) When a liquid is cooled down or its temperature is reduced, it becomes a solid.
This process is called a freezing.
(c) When a solid dissolves completely in a liquid, the resulting liquid is known as
solution.
(d) The solid which dissolves in a liquid is called solute.
4. We drink water which we obtain from rivers, lakes, wells, hand pumps, etc. This water
contains dust, germs and other impurities. Hence, it should be purified before we
use it for drinking and cooking.
5. We can purify water in the following ways:
• Some of the impurities present in water are insoluble in it. They can be removed by
allowing the water to stand undisturbed for some time. The insoluble substances
will settle at the bottom of the container. This process is called sedimentation.
Now, the clear water is transferred to another container carefully so that the
settled impurities are not disturbed. This process is called decantation. Decanted
water may not be very clear and fit for our use.
• We can also remove the insoluble impurities from water by filtering it through
either a filter paper or a very fine muslin cloth. The impurities are left behind on
the filter paper or on the cloth and clean filtered water is obtained.
• The best and safest method of water purification is boiling. We should boil water
for at least 10–15 minutes to kill all the germs present in it. The boiled water
should be stored in clean and covered vessels.
• Germs present in water can also be killed by using chemicals like chlorine. It is
nowadays easily available in the form of a tablet.
6. When a liquid is heated or its temperature is increased, it changes into gas. This
process is called evaporation if the heating is slow and it is called boiling if the
heating is fast.
B. 1. arrangement 2. Solids 3. Water 4. snow
5. purification
C. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
D. 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b)
E. 1. Hail 2. Solubility 3. Soluble substances
4. Sedimentation 5. Melting
 12.  Force, Work and Energy

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Define force. Name the different types of forces in nature.

2. When is work said to be done?

3. How are machines useful to us?

4. What is a pulley? Give its uses.

5. Define energy. Discuss various sources of energy.

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. ____________ is a push or pull.

2. ____________ help us to do work by applying less force.

3. A screw is an ____________ wrapped around a pole.

4. The energy of water can be used to turn machines called ____________ and
generate ____________.

5. ____________ is the ability to do work.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. It is because of gravity that we are able to walk

on the road without slipping or falling. __________

2. Work is done only when the applied force moves the object. __________

3. Machines make our work easier and faster. __________

4. In a pulley, there is a big wheel and a rod which passes

through the centre of the wheel. __________

5. Energy cannot change its form. __________

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. Force which slows down or stops a moving body
2. Force exerted by our muscles
3. Energy released from joining or breaking of atoms
 4. Energy obtained from the sun
5. Force by which earth pulls objects towards itself

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Lever (a) Screwdriver

2. Inclined plane (b) Crane

3. Pulley (c) Bolt

4. Wedge (d) Nutcracker

5. Wheel and axle (e) Ramp

6. Screw (f ) Knife
 ANSWERS

A. 1. Force is defines as a push or a pull. The different forms of forces in nature

are—gravity, friction and muscular force.
2. Work is said to be done when the force applied on an object moves it.
3. Machines help us in the following ways:
• They make our work easier and faster.
• They change the direction of the applied force.
• They help us to do work by applying less force.
4. A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope or cable around it. It is used to lift loads,
hoist flags, draw curtains, move lifts, and draw water from a well.
5. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. The various sources of energy are:
Sun: We get energy from many sources but the sun is the main source of energy
•
on earth. The energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy. Green plants
trap the solar energy and make food. All animals including human beings eat
this food and obtain energy to carry out various life processes. We also get heat
and light energy from the sun.
Water: Water falling from a height possesses huge amount of energy. This energy
•
can be used to turn machines called turbines and generate electricity.
Wind: The energy possessed by wind is used to turn windmills. These then move
•
turbines and generate electricity.
Atom: We all know that everything is composed of matter which is made of
•
molecules. The smallest particles of which molecules are composed are called
atoms. Enormous amount of energy is released upon joining or breaking of these
atoms. This energy is called atomic energy. It can be used to generate electricity.
B. 1. Force 2. Machines 3. inclined plane 4. turbines, electricity
5. Energy
C. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False
5. False
D. 1. Friction 2. Muscular force 3. Atomic energy 4. Solar energy
5. Gravity
E. 1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (f )
5. (a) 6. (c)
 13.  Weather and Air

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Define weather.
2. How is the sun responsible for rains?
3. What are air currents?
4. What is sea breeze?
5. What is air composed of?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The ____________ is responsible for change in weather and ____________.
2. Fast moving wind is called ____________.
3. ____________ heats up and cools down faster than ____________.
4. All living things need air to ____________.
5. ____________ is necessary for burning.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. The sun heats the surface of earth evenly. __________
2. The sun is responsible for the blowing of winds. __________
3. Air cannot be compressed. __________
4. Nitrogen forms the largest part of air. __________
5. The part of earth near the sun has shorter and cooler days. __________

D. Tick the correct answer.

1. What causes the blowing of winds?
(a) Sun (b) Earth (c) Moon (d) Stars
2. The second largest component of air is
(a) nitrogen. (b) oxygen.
(c) carbon dioxide. (d) argon.
3. Gently moving wind is called
(a) air. (b) breeze. (c) storm. (d) none of these.
4. Which of the following is not a property of air?
(a) Living things need air to breathe.
(b) Air is needed to burn things.
(c) Air has mass and occupies space.
(d) All of these.
5. The hot air rises from the sea and cool air from the land blows towards the sea. This
is called
(a) land breeze. (b) sea breeze. (c) storm. (d) wind.
 ANSWERS

A. 1. Weather is defined as the condition of air surrounding us with respect to

temperature, wind and rain at a particular place or time.
2. Water in the water bodies evaporates because of the heat of the sun and forms
water vapour. These water vapour combine and form clouds. When clouds become
too heavy, they fall as rain.
3. The continuous movement of air from hot to cold regions and vice versa are called
air currents.
4. Land heats up and cools down faster than water. Therefore, in the daytime, land
gets heated up due to the heat of the sun much faster than the sea. The hot air rises
up from the land while the cool air from the sea blows in to take its place. This is
called sea breeze.
5. Air is a mixture of gases. It comprises of two main gases—nitrogen and oxygen.
Apart from these, trace amounts of gases like carbon dioxide and water vapour are
also found in air. The other components of air are smoke, dust and germs.
B. 1. sun, seasons 2. storm 3. Land, water 4. breathe/survive 5. Air
C. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
D. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a)
 14.  Our Neighbours in Space

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Give information on the following.

(a) Earth (b) Jupiter (c) Saturn (d) Venus

2. What are craters?

3. How does the revolution of earth cause change in seasons?

4. What is the equator?

5. What is a star?

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The sun is situated in the ____________ of the solar system.

2. ____________ percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

3. The natural satellite of earth is called the ____________.

4. The axis of the earth is slightly ____________.

5. ____________ is an example of a constellation.

6. The earth completes one ____________ around the sun in 365¼ days.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Jupiter is the fourth planet from the sun. __________

2. Neptune has a system of rings around it. __________

3. The moon has bowl-like holes called craters on its surface. __________

4. The earth’s axis runs from south pole to north pole. __________

5. The earth completes one revolution around the sun

in 365¼ days. __________

D. Give one word/a few words answer for the following.

1. A fixed path in which earth moves around the sun

2. Imaginary line around the earth which is at equal distance from both the poles
 3. Imaginary line running through the centre of earth

4. Groups of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the sky

5. The movement of earth on its own axis

E. Match the following.

Column A Column B

1. Mercury (a) Largest planet

2. Venus (b) Smallest planet

3. Earth (c) Red planet

4. Jupiter (d) Second largest planet

5. Saturn (e) Evening star

6. Mars (f ) Blue planet

 ANSWERS

A. 1. (a) The earth is the third planet from the sun. It is the only planet which supports
life. It is also known as the blue planet because 70 percent of its surface is
covered with water. The earth is the only planet on which water exists in liquid
form.
(b) Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun. It is the largest planet in the solar
system.
(c) Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second largest planet in the
solar system. It has a system of rings around it.
(d) Venus is the second planet from the sun. It is the brightest planet and is also
called the evening star. It is very hot.
2. Bowl-like holes present on the surface of the moon are called craters.
3. The revolution of the earth is responsible for the change in seasons. When the
earth moves around the sun on its tilted axis, then half of the earth is near the sun,
while the other half is away from it. The hemisphere near the sun has longer and
warmer days because the sunrays fall directly on it. Therefore, this hemisphere has
summer season. The other hemisphere receives slanting rays of the sun, so it has
shorter and cooler days of the winter season. In between these two seasons, both
the hemispheres also experience autumn and spring when it is neither very hot nor
very cold.
4. The equator is an imaginary line around the earth which is at equal distance from
both the poles.
5. A star is a huge ball of gases which gives out heat and light energy.
B. 1. centre 2. Seventy 3. moon 4. tilted 5. Orion 6. revolution
C. 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
D. 1. Orbit 2. Equator 3. Axis 4. Constellation 5. Rotation
E. 1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (f ) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c)
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as one of the biggest causes of death and illness.
Smoking increases the risk of more than 50 serious health conditions. Out of these, some
may be fatal and others can cause irreversible long-term damage to your health.
Smoking is a difficult habit to quit because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly
addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so
habitual to the nicotine that a person needs to have it just to feel normal.
People start smoking for a variety of reasons. Some think it is in trend. Others start because
they see their family members or friends smoke. There are no physical or logical reasons
to start smoking. The body doesn’t need tobacco the way it needs food, water, sleep and
exercise. In fact, many of the chemicals in cigarettes like nicotine and tar are actually poisons
that can kill in sufficiently high doses. The consequences of this poisoning happen gradually.
Over a long period, smoking leads to health problems like heart diseases, stroke and many
types of cancer—including lung, throat, stomach and bladder cancer. People who smoke
also have an increased risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia. These diseases limit
a person’s ability to be normally active. Smoking also weakens the bones of the smokers,
thereby increasing their risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes older people to become
bent over and their bones to break more easily. Smokers also tend to be less active than
non-smokers because smoking affects lung power.
The consequences of smoking may seem far reaching, but long-term health problems are
not the only hazard of smoking. Nicotine and the other toxins in cigarettes, cigars and pipes
can affect a person’s body quickly, which means that teen smokers may experience many
problems such as bad skin because smoking can slow the flow of blood vessels and prevent
oxygen and nutrients from getting to the skin, bad breath, reduced athletic performance,
etc. Smokers have a greater risk of injury and even the healing process in their body is slower.
Also, studies show that smokers are more susceptible to common cold, flu, bronchitis and
pneumonia than non-smokers. People with certain health conditions like asthma, become
more sick if they smoke.
Parents can have the most influence on children. Hence, they should begin talking to
children about smoking almost as soon as they are old enough to understand. Teachers and
school counsellors can also be important in educating students about the adverse effects of
smoking. The same method needs to be applied in case of adults who need to be reminded
that smoking can cause major health problems and that there are effective methods that
can be used to help them quit. It is not enough to just mention that smoking is dangerous.
The points must be emphasized repeatedly through numerous sources in order to have a
real impact.
A. Tick the most appropriate option.

1. Smoking increases the risk of

(a) around 20 serious health conditions.
(b) more than 30 serious health conditions.
(c) more than 50 serious health conditions.
(d) about 40 serious health conditions.

2. Why is smoking a difficult habit to quit?

(a) Tobacco contains nicotine which is highly addictive.
(b) Tobacco tastes good.
(c) Tobacco smells good.
(d) All of these

3. Which of these is not a long-term health problem caused due to smoking?

(a) Heart diseases

(b) Bad skin and breath

(c) Stroke

(d) All of these

4. Smokers have an increased risk of

(a) infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

(b) osteoporosis.

(c) injury.

(d) all of them

5. Which of these component(s) of cigarette is/are very harmful for human health?
(a) Sodium
(b) Cyanide
(c) Nicotine
(d) Carbon
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Universe has always been a subject of human curiosity. Generations of explorers have
looked deeper and deeper into the vast expanse of the universe and the journey continues
as new methods are used and new discoveries are made.
It was Edmond Halley, the famous English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician,
meteorologist, and physicist, who three centuries ago found a way to measure the distance to
the sun and to the planet Venus. It was the knowledge of this fundamental distance from the
earth to the sun that helped us find the true scale of the entire solar system for the first time.
When we leave the solar system, we find our star and its planets are just one small part of
the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way is a huge city of stars, so big that even at the speed of
light, it would take 100,000 years to travel across it. All the stars in the night sky, including
the sun, are just some of the components of this galaxy, along with millions of other stars
too faint to be seen.
The further away a star is, the fainter it looks. Astronomers use this as a clue to figure out the
distance to stars that are very far away.
Beyond our own galaxy lies a vast expanse of galaxies. The deeper we see into space, the
more galaxies we discover. There are billions of galaxies, the most distant of which are so far
away that the light arriving from them on the earth today was set out from them billions of
years ago. So we see them not as they are today, but as they looked long before there was
any life on the earth.
No one knows if the universe is infinitely large or it is only our universe that exists. And other
parts of the universe, very far away, might be quite different from the universe closer to
home. Future missions will continue to search for clues to the ultimate size and scale of our
cosmic home.

B. Tick the most appropriate option.

1. How much time would be needed to travel across the Milky way at the speed of
light?
(a) 10,000 years
(b) 100,000 years
(c) 90,000 years
(d) 1,000 years
2. Which of the following is used as a clue by the astronomers to figure out the
distance to stars?
(a) Light travels in a straight line.
 (b) The further away a star is, the fainter it looks.
(c) The speed of light is more than the speed of sound.
(d) All the stars are of same size.

3. Which of the following has always been a subject of curiosity?

(a) Metropolitan cities
(b) The sun
(c) Universe
(d) Light

4. Edmond Halley, three centuries ago found a way to measure the distance to the sun
and the planet
(a) Mercury.
(b) Pluto.
(c) Jupiter.
(d) Venus.

5. Which of the following statements is not true about the universe?

(a) Generations of explorers have looked deeper and deeper into the vast expanse
of the universe.
(b) The astronomers have all the knowledge about the universe.
(c) Our galaxy, the Milky way, is a part of the universe.
(d) No one knows if the universe is infinitely large or it is only our universe that
exists.

C. Tick the most appropriate option.

1. Why do you think some leaves turn completely yellow?
(a) Overwatering
(b) Lack of sunlight
(c) Nutrient deficiency
(d) All of these

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of fixed aquatic plants?

(a) There is no stomata in their leaves.
 (b) Their roots are fixed to the bottom of the pond.
(c) Their stems are long, hollow, light and flexible.
(d) Their leaves float on the water surface.

3. How are bears able to survive cold conditions or winter months?

(a) By hunting
(b) By fishing
(c) By migrating
(d) By hibernating

4. Which of the following is the ability of an animal to fit into its surroundings?
(a) Symmetry
(b) Exoskeleton
(c) Camouflage
(d) All of these

5. A honeybee is an example of
(a) a poisonous insect.
(b) a popular insect.
(c) a non-poisonous insect.
(d) an insect that may be poisonous.

6. How do beetle larvae help in keeping the environment clean?

(a) They help in dispersal of seeds.
(b) They feed on plant remains and dead bodies of animals.
(c) They clean the waste around.
(d) All of these

7. Which of the following is not a source of vitamin K?

(a) Spinach
(b) Whole grains
(c) Cabbage
(d) Soyabean oil
 8. What happens when food reaches the stomach?
(a) No digestion occurs in the stomach.
(b) The food moves quickly into the small intestine.
(c) The digestive juices mix with the food and make it soft.
(d) The food is completely digested and is absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the
walls of the stomach.

9. Why should we avoid eating too many sweets and chocolates?

(a) They can make our teeth weak.
(b) They can cause pain in the gums.
(c) They contain high levels of carbo hydrates and can cause tooth decay.
(d) All of these

10. What should you do when you are driving a vehicle and the traffic light turns red at
a crossing?
(a) Always cross the road.
(b) Stop and continue after the pedestrians have crossed.
(c) Stop, wait for pedestrians to cross and for the light to turn green.
(d) Slow down and give way to pedestrians.

11. How can we recognise whether a cloth is made by knitting or by weaving?

(a) By touching it
(b) From the thickness of the fabric
(c) From the pattern or arrangement of threads in the fabric
(d) Both (a) and (b)

12. Which is the only rock that floats?

(a) Granite
(b) Marble
(c) Sandstone
(d) Pumice

13. Which of these can be a problem with a monument made of chalk?

(a) It will lack the ability to float.
 (b) It cannot be shaped.
(c) It can crumble over time.
(d) All of these

14. Why is organic matter (humus) an important part of soil?

(a) It helps to improve water infiltration.
(b) It can break down organic pollutants.
(c) It converts nitrogen in the air into nitrates by plants.
(d) It is rich in nutrients, which is important for fertility.

15. If we keep destroying forest to obtain more land for agriculture, what would
happen?
(a) The soil fertility will increase with growing of crops.
(b) Soil erosion will destroy topsoil in the interval between two crop seasons.
(c) Soil erosion will be prevented.
(d) None of these

16. Gases flow in all the directions. This happens because

(a) molecules in gases are closely packed.
(b) molecules in gases are loosely packed.
(c) molecules in gases are very loosely packed.
(d) there are no molecules in gases.

17. Why do you think we rub our palms against each other when we feel cold?
(a) Heat is formed due to solar energy.
(b) Heat is formed due to friction force during rubbing.
(c) We get energy to work.
(d) All of these

18. Jack is using a screwdriver to insert a screw. The screwdriver is being used as
(a) pulley.
(b) a screw.
(c) a lever.
(d) wheel and axle.
 19. The uneven heating of land and water causes
(a) rains.
(b) cyclones.
(c) land and see breezes.
(d) formation of clouds.

20. The two things causing the seasons on the earth are
(a) the tilt of the earth and the oceans.
(b) the tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun.
(c) the tilt of the earth and its rotation.
(d) the revolution and rotation of the earth.

ANSWERS

A. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b)

4. (d) 5. (c)

B. 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c)

4. (d) 5. (b)

C. 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d)

4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b)
7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d)
10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (d)
13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b)
16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d)
19. (c) 20. (b)