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OMICRON PTL User Manual ENU PDF
OMICRON PTL User Manual ENU PDF
OMICRON PTL
User manual
V2.01
Contents
1 Definition............................................................................................................................................. 3
2 General ................................................................................................................................................ 3
3 Quick Start Information ...................................................................................................................... 3
4 XRIO Converter Structure .................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 General Structure ........................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Relay Parameter Section................................................................................................................ 3
4.3 Additional Information..................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.2 Relay Information ..................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.3 Circuit Breaker.......................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.4 Test Information........................................................................................................................ 4
4.4 RIOplus.......................................................................................................................................... 4
4.5 Template Controller ........................................................................................................................ 4
4.6 RIO ................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.7 Activation of RIO Functions ............................................................................................................ 5
5 Relay Settings Import ......................................................................................................................... 6
6 Template Structure ............................................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Hardware Configuration.................................................................................................................. 6
6.2 Common Testing Procedures ......................................................................................................... 6
6.2.1 Wiring Check ............................................................................................................................ 6
6.2.2 Initial Test ................................................................................................................................. 7
6.2.3 Trip Test with Circuit Breaker .................................................................................................... 7
6.3 Feeder Protection Templates ......................................................................................................... 7
6.3.1 Main and Backup Protection ..................................................................................................... 7
6.3.2 Switch onto Fault Protection ..................................................................................................... 7
6.4 Line Protection Templates .............................................................................................................. 8
6.4.1 Main Protection ........................................................................................................................ 8
6.4.2 Backup Protection .................................................................................................................... 9
6.4.3 Switch onto Fault Protection ....................................................................................................10
6.5 Transformer Protection Templates.................................................................................................10
6.5.1 Internal Fault Protection ...........................................................................................................10
6.5.2 External Fault Protection..........................................................................................................10
6.6 Generator Protection Templates ....................................................................................................11
6.6.1 Generator Differential Protection ..............................................................................................11
6.6.2 Fault on Connected Network....................................................................................................11
6.6.3 Other Generator Protection ......................................................................................................12
6.7 Motor Protection Templates...........................................................................................................12
6.7.1 Overload Protection .................................................................................................................12
6.7.2 Short Circuit Protection ............................................................................................................13
6.7.3 Network Fault Protection..........................................................................................................14
6.8 Radial Feeder Recloser Test Templates ........................................................................................14
6.8.1 Metering Test ..........................................................................................................................14
6.8.2 Minimum Trip Current Tests.....................................................................................................14
6.8.3 High Current Trip Tests............................................................................................................14
6.8.4 Overcurrent Characteristic Tests ..............................................................................................15
6.8.5 Cold Load Pickup or Delay Curve Characteristic Tests .............................................................15
6.8.6 Successful Reclose Sequence Tests .......................................................................................15
6.8.7 Reclose Sequence to Lockout Tests ........................................................................................15
6.8.8 Reset Timer Tests ...................................................................................................................15
6.8.9 High Current Lockout Tests .....................................................................................................16
6.8.10 Sequence Coordination Tests ................................................................................................16
6.8.11 Sensitive Earth Fault Min Trip ................................................................................................16
6.8.12 Sensitive Earth Fault Trip Time ..............................................................................................16
6.8.13 Sensitive Earth Fault Sequence .............................................................................................16
6.8.14 Underfrequency Pickup..........................................................................................................16
6.8.15 Underfrequency Trip Times....................................................................................................16
1 Definition
Protection Test Template (PTT): A PTT is one part of a Protection Testing Library item. It consists
of an *.occ file which includes a XRIO Converter.
2 General
The OMICRON PTL User Manual describes the common aspects of all Protection Test Templates and
their included XRIO Converters. The specific aspects are covered in a PTT specific manual, which is
automatically installed with every PTT.
Each PTT is user adaptable and can be extended by inserting additional tests or shortened by deleting
tests to fit the requirements of each user.
The Protection Test Templates are intended to support the advanced Test Universe user. Advanced
knowledge of the Test Universe software, the XRIO standard and the LinkToXRIO concept are a
precondition to benefit from the Protection Testing Templates.
The XRIO Converters are divided into two root blocks, the CUSTOM block and the RIO block. The RIO
block contains the standard RIO test module interface. The CUSTOM block is normally re-named to
match the protection relay type modeled in the XRIO Converter. It normally has four sub-blocks:
used to identify the relay parameters. This helps to find the correct parameters when the settings are
entered into the Relay Parameter Section manually.
In some XRIO Converters, the Relay Parameter Section has been renamed to better match the relay
setting software.
General
Relay Information
Circuit Breaker
Test Information
4.3.1 General
The General block contains detailed information for the test report, like manufacturer, device type,
substation name etc. These parameters are linked to the NamePlate block in RIOplus and from there to
the Device sub block of the RIO block. The parameters of this block have to be set by the user.
4.4 RIOplus
The RIOplus section is divided into different sub-blocks, which include either relay information or
modeling of a certain protection function. The sub-blocks of these protection functions include all the data
required for testing the respective function.
The RIOplus block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object.
The RIOplus block can be extended, but existing parameters must not be deleted or changed. This will
disable formulas.
The Template Controller block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object. It can be
extended, but existing parameters must not be deleted.
4.6 RIO
The RIO section of the XRIO Converter contains all functions required to use the specialized test
modules (like Advanced Distance or Overcurrent) provided by the OMICRON Test Universe software.
Test modules in standard OMICRON PTTs are configured with the corresponding RIO block as default
and thus they normally don't have to be changed.
The handling of the import filters listed above is similar. Click the File menu in the menu bar of the
Test Object and click Import relay settings....
Select the matching import filter in the Import Relay Settings dialog box.
After the relay settings have been imported successfully, a message box shows the number of imported
parameters.
Additionally, the imported parameters are shown as Information in the Error View of the Test Object.
When the import of a parameter fails, it gets shown as an Error or Warning.
6 Template Structure
Wiring check
Initial test
Trip test with circuit breaker
protection or some feeder protection PTTs, only asymmetrical currents are injected. If the injected values
match the values measured by the relay, the test can be manually assessed as Passed.
Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Pick-up/Drop-off Test of the Overcurrent test module. The
smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The
pickup and drop off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further information
on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.
Directional Test
The overcurrent directional characteristic is tested with the Overcurrent test module. Two
Characteristic Tests are placed inside the directional (forward or reverse) sector. Two more
Characteristic Tests are placed just outside the directional sector. It is sufficient to attest the difference
between the forward and non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-directional or the
forward and reverse characteristics.
The trip times of directional overcurrent protection are tested with a preset angle in the corresponding
direction. There is no specific angle preset for non-directional protection.
Directional Test
If a directional overcurrent function is covered by the line protection PTT, the directional test is similar to
the feeder protection directional test. Most line protection PTTs cover distance protection functions, where
the Advanced Distance test module is used for testing the directional characteristic. It is sufficient to attest
the difference between the forward and non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-
directional characteristics.
Set the test points for the directional test similar to the test points shown in Figure 3.
The distance direction is tested separately for fault loop A-N and fault loop A-B-C. The directional test is
not necessary for mho distance characteristics.
Figure 3: Directional test point placement for quadrilateral (left) and circle zone characteristic (right)
Possibly there are more test shots than necessary in the trip time test modules, because the preset test
points are set relative to all possibly active distance zones in forward and reverse direction. If a distance
zone is exclusively not active or directional, the test points set relative to this distance zone collapse into
the origin of the R-X test plane. In this case, delete all unnecessary test points. The unnecessary test
points can be identified by a very small impedance value (e.g. 0.0000 µΩ or 0.000Ω) or by their zone
reference, which is set to Line length (see red markings in Figure 4).
The test shots marked with an exclamation mark, respectively colored in pink as shown in Figure 4 are out
of range. In this case, remove the link of the test current in the settings tab and set the test current
manually. Keep in mind that the test current has to be higher than the distance protection release current.
Reach Test
The distance reaches are tested by Check Tests with check lines at 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°. Each check
line is set relative to a length of 120% of all active distance zones. In some Protection Test Templates,
the check lines might be placed at the line angle instead of 90° and 270°. The check lines at 0° and 180°
are not necessary for mho distance characteristics.
Pickup Test
The smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested.
The pickup and drop off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further
information on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.
The external fault protection may trip during this test, especially if higher fault currents are injected into the
relay.
Pickup Test
The pickup of the smallest active overcurrent stage is tested with a Pick-up / Drop-off Test in the
Overcurrent test module. The fault current (single phase and multiphase faults) is ramped until the relay
picks up.
Stability Test
The blocking test is intended to check the differential protection stability in case of an external fault that
occurs on the connected power system.
Three phase and single phase external faults are tested with the Diff Configuration test module. The
single phase test additionally checks the correct zero sequence current elimination in case a step up
transformer is also inside the protected zone. The test has to be assessed by clicking the Passed or
Failed button after a sufficient time.
Characteristic Test
The characteristic test is intended to check the differential protection trip in case of an internal fault. Single
phase and multiphase faults are tested with the Diff Operating Characteristic test module. A search test is
performed to verify the trip characteristic. Change the predefined test lines to fit the characteristic set in
the protection relay.
Other protection functions used to protect the generator may trip during this test, especially if higher fault
currents are injected into the relay.
Trip Time
The differential trip time test is intended to check the differential protection trip time. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used. Single phase and multiphase faults are tested. One test
point is preset for each fault type, but any required test point can be added.
The Overcurrent test module is used for the trip time test. A voltage value is preset in the test module to
be provided during the test, but can be changed if necessary.
Overload Protection
The trip time is tested by simulating a three-phase overload condition. The Overcurrent test module is
used. A test shot is preset, but can be changed if necessary.
Besides the Accidential Energization Protection, the pickup values and the trip times are tested. These
Tests are built-on very similar, thus they are described together.
Pickup Test
The pickup is tested with the Ramping test module. It is tested with a first ramp, increasing (decreasing)
the related quantity (frequency, voltage, current or power) until the pickup value is reached. If applicable,
a second ramp decreases (increases) the quantity until the pickup signal is reset. The pickup and drop off
values are measured and assessed.
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Pick-up/Drop-off Test of the Overcurrent test module. The
smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The
pickup and drop off values are assessed.
The State Sequencer test module is used for the frequency, voltage, overexcitation and power trip time
tests. This test is divided into three states: pre-fault, fault and post-fault.
The Overcurrent test module is used for the unbalanced load and overcurrent trip time tests. Test points
are preset in this test, but they can be adjusted if necessary.
some configurations the trip command will not unlatch without an additional confirmation to the relay. In
this case it is necessary to assure the unlatching manually after every test shot.
Other protection functions used to protect the motor may trip during this test, especially if higher fault
currents are injected into the relay.
Trip Time Test
The differential trip time test is intended to check the differential protection trip time. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used for this test. Single phase and multiphase faults are
tested. One test point is preset for each fault type, but any required test point can be added.
Overcurrent Protection
Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Overcurrent test module. The smallest pickup of all active
phase, residual, negative sequence and zero sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The pickup
current is assessed.
Trip Time Test
The trip times are tested with the Overcurrent test module.
The Ground Minimum Trip Current Test might interfere with the Sensitive Earth Fault function, when SEF
is set with a low minimum trip current and a long trip time. To avoid this interference, the Ground Minimum
Trip Current Test uses the Pulse Ramping test module when a SEF function is activated in the recloser
controller. The test current is pulsed with the current amplitude being raised in each new current pulse.
The time of each of the current pulses is short enough to force the ground overcurrent element to trip
without tripping the SEF element.
new current pulse. The time of each of the current pulses is short enough to force the High Current Trip
overcurrent element to trip without tripping the inverse overcurrent element.
Only the Interval times are measured and assessed in the Reset Timer tests. Additionally, Level
Assessments are active to ensure that no Trip command is sent during the Reset Time state and that no
Close command is sent during the Lockout state.