3.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND GAUGES

INTRODUCTION

Factories age producing desired objects. The quality of the object depends
upon its shape, size and surface finish, to measure these features, different
types of measuring instruments are used. In this chapter, we see about some
important measuring instruments.

MIND – MAP

Measuring Instrument

Length measuring Weight measuring Liquid Measuring

Instrument Instrument Instrument

Linear Instrument Angular Instrument Linear & Angular Instruments

Vernire Vernire Micrometer Bevel Sine bar Combination Set

Caliper Height Protractor
Ganges

Outside inside Depth Vernier

Micrometer Micrometer Micrometer Micrometer
The measuring instrument which is used to measure the objects with more
accuracy are called as precision Measuring Instruments.

Example: Venire Caliper, Micrometer, Bevel protractor etc..,

The measuring instruments which is used to measure the objects without

accuracy are called as “Non – precision instruments”

Example Scales,

SCALES:

Scales are used to measure the length, breath and height of an object and to
draw staring lines. Generally a school and college student uses scales made up
of wooden or plastic material

A the scale which is made up of spring steel or stainless steel are called
as ‘Steel Rule’ .These scales are used in Engineering fields.

Type of Scales:

1. Standard Scale
2. Flexible Scale
3. Narrow Scale
4. Hook Scale
5. Folding Scale
6. Tape Scale
7.
1. Standard Scale

Standard Scale is available in maximum length of 150mm or 300mm in

Metric system. It is also available in maximum length of 6 inches or 12 inches
in British system. This standard scales have standards measuring makes on it
and accepted by the world over.

2. Flexible Scale:

This type of scale is flexible in nature because it is made up of narrow

thin plate of spring steel. Flexible scale is useful in taking measurements on
irregular and cylindrical surface.

3. Narrow Scale:
The width of the narrow scale is about ¼ inch .This is used to measure
the depth of narrow hole.
4. Hook Scale
Hook scale has a hook in initial side of the scale. Hook scales are uses to
measure from broken or barreled ends. When measurements are to be
taken from the centre of chamfered centre holes of gears hook scales are
used.
5. Folding Scale:
Folding Scale is having total length of 600 mm or 24 inch. It may be
folded or unfolded regarding nature of work.
6. Tape Scale:
The tap is wound inside of a round closed case. It can be pulled out to the
required length. The tap is made of steel plate or thick plastic cloth
material. This is used to measure the play grounds and house flats.

Maintained of Scales

1. Scales should not be used as wedge or as a Screw driver

2. Heavy objects should not be placed on it
3. Scales should not be used rough surface.

Calipers
 Calipers are used to measure diameters of round rolls and to measure the
internal and external dimensions of square or rectangular objects. It does not
show the measures directly, but along with steel rule, we would find the
measures calipers are used to measure rotating jobs and hotter jobs also

MIND - MAP

CALIPER

Outside Caliper inside Caliper Jenny

Caliper

River Type Spring type River type spring type

River Type:

The two legs of this type of calipers are connected by rivets at the top. So these
type of calipers are called as “RIVER TYPE CALIPERS’

Spring Type:

The two legs of this type of caliper are connected by springs at the top. So these
type of Caliper are called s “SPRING TYPE CALIPERS”

Types of calipers:
 1. River type outside Caliper
2. River type Inside Caliper
3. Spring type Outside caliper
4. Spring type Inside Caliper’
5. Jenny Calipers

Outside Caliper

Outside Caliper is used to measure external dimensions like length and

breadth of various objects and diameters of round rods

Inside Caliper

Inside caliper is used to measure the internal dia of hoe and length of grooving
and undercutting of cylindrical jobs.

Jenny Caliper:

Jenny caliper is used to find the center of facing side of round rod and to draw
parallel lines on Work pieces. One of the legs of this type of caliper is straight
and other is bent.

Maintenance of calipers

1. It should not be used on hot and rotating parts

2. Heavy objects should not be placed on it
3. It should be kept on flat surface