LOW PASS FILTER

Experiment No. 1
Procedure:
• The needed equipment to be used for the experiment, namely:
• Audio oscilloscope
• Power Supply
• Other materials like resistor, capacitor and op-amp
• Set-up the given components with the necessary connections as
illustrated in the diagram(s) given.
• Observe the Low pass filter, look if it obtain the needed output for the
experiment.

Theory

A low pass filter is a filter that passes the lower frequencies and rejects
those at higher frequencies.

Low pass filter basic response curve

The shape of the curve is of importance with features like the cut-off
frequency and roll off being key to the operation.
The cut-off frequency is normally taken as the point where the response
has fallen by 3dB as shown.
 Another important feature is the final slope of the roll off. The number of
‘poles’ in the filter generally governs this. Normally there is one pole for
each capacitor inductor in a filter.
When plotted on a logarithmic scale the ultimate roll-off becomes a
straight line, with the response falling at the ultimate roll off rate. This is 6dB
per pole within the filter.

Set-up/Diagram

Figure 1 Block Diagram

Setup
Observation

Our group was able to obtain the waveform necessary for the output of a
Low Pass Filter. From our observation, lowering the input frequency makes the
waveform bigger and vice versa.

Based from the images taken, we can see that the waveform created by
the diagram was desired result/output for the experiment.

Conclusion

We therefore conclude that only the lower frequencies will filter in this kind
of circuit and the cutoff frequencies will determine where the response fall.