Practical Design of Extradosed Bridges: 2016 MIDAS Technical Chat

2016 MIDAS Technical Chat
Practical Design of
Extradosed Bridges midas
Civil
Inki Choi
Head-Design(Bridges),
Larsen & Toubro Construction
L&T Construction
1. Introduction
2. Design Procedure midas
Civil
3. Design Example
4. Comparative study
5. Reference Project
1. Introduction Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Extradosed Bridge?
 Meaning of Extradosed
• The name comes from the French word extradossé, which is derived from
the word extrados, the exterior curve of an arch.
 Historical Extradosed Bridge

Ganter Bridge Odawara Blue Way Bridge Kisogawa Bridge
(Swizerland,1980) (Japan,1994) (Japan,2001)
L&T Construction
Slide 3 3
Lecture
by L&T
Characteristics of Extradoesd bridge
 Aesthetic point of view

• Looks similar with cable stayed bridge
with tower and cable
 Structural behavior point

• Behave similar with girder bridge
 Key Aspects
• Slenderer depth than girder bridge
=> Less concrete consumption
• Lower tower height than cable
stayed bridge
=> Easy Construction
• Economical application to 100m to
200m main span
L&T Construction
Slide 4 4
Lecture
by L&T
Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges
 Structural difference with Cable-stayed bridges

• Less Stress variation on cable due to live load.
• Range of stress variation is important governing factor of stay cables due to
fatigue
L&T Construction
Slide 5 5
Lecture
by L&T
 Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load (β)

• Distribution on stay cables and girder of vertical uniform load on the main
span
L&T Construction
Slide 6 6
Lecture
by L&T
 Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load (β)

• Load distribution to girder : 79%
• Load distribution to stay cable : 21%
L&T Construction
Slide 7 7
Lecture
by L&T
 Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load (β) vs stress range due to live load
L&T Construction
Slide 8 8
Lecture
by L&T
Parametric comparison
 Economical parameter for different type

GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN
TYPE OF BRDIGE PYLON HEIGHT to SPAN
MID Support RANGE
GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 1:40~1:50 1:15~1:20 - 100~180m

EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 1:40~1:50 1:30~1:40 1:8 ~ 1:15 100~200m
CABLE STAYED BRDIGE 1.5m~2.5m uniform 1:4 ~ 1:5 200~800m
 Tentative dimension for 200m main span
GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN

TYPE OF BRDIGE PYLON HEIGHT to SPAN
MID Support RANGE
GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 5.0m~4.0m 13.5m~10m - 200m
EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 5.0m~4.0m 7.0m~5.0m 25m ~ 13m 200m
CABLE STAYED BRDIGE 1.5m~2.5m 50m ~ 40m 200m
L&T Construction
Slide 9 9
Lecture
by L&T
 Equivalent thickness of concrete
L&T Construction
Slide 10 10
Lecture
by L&T
 Post-tensioning Tendon
L&T Construction
Slide 11 11
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
midas
2. Design Procedure Civil
3. Design Example
4. Comparative Study
L&T Construction
Slide 12 12
2. Design Procedure Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Design procedure flow chart
 Planning / Preparation of Concept / Design basis
• Clearance
Understanding Requirement • functional width / traffic lane
• Survey information ( Soil / Topo & Bathymetry )

Span arrangement • Structural efficiency / Foundation cost
• Decision on bearing system
• Single cell, multi cell, Steel or Concrete

Decide Cross section • Number of stay cable plane
• Fan type
Arranging Stay cable • Harp type
• Dead Load / Superimposed Dead Load

Determine the loading • Live Load / Wind Load / Thermal effect
• Seismic loading
L&T Construction
Slide 13 13
Lecture
by L&T
 Transverse design stage

• Strip model analysis
Transverse Analysis • Plate element analysis
• Reinforcement design
Serviceability limit • Crack assessment
• Stress limit of concrete and reinforcement
• Bending moment capacity

Strength limit • Shear Capacity
Review of clashes • Any clash : Transverse tendon duct / rebar / anchorage / duct space
• Embedded items (drainage scup / lighting foundation / lifting or
Details
handling hole etc.)
Finalizing section
L&T Construction
Slide 14 14
Lecture
by L&T
 Longitudinal analysis stage

• Construction Stage Analysis
Longitudinal Analysis • Final stage Analysis
• Girder design
Construction stage • Stay Cable Design
• Requirement of temporary PT
• Stress limit
Serviceability design
• Stay Cable Check
• Bending capacity
Strength limit • Shear capacity
• Torsional capacity
• Loss of Cable
Additional Cable Check • Replacement of Cable
• Vibration
• Anchorage details
Finalizing Design • Review of clashes
• Preparation of casting curve / camber drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 15 15
Lecture
by L&T
Span Arrangement
 Horizontal and Vertical Clearance

• Horizontal Clearance shall be decided based on requirement
(e.g. Navigational Channel, geometrical requirement)
• Vertical clearance (Navigational or traffic)
 Side span / Main Span ratio
• 0.6 would be economical parameter in general
L&T Construction
Slide 16 16
Lecture
by L&T
Cross Section / Number of Cable plane
 Single-Cell vs. Multi-cell

• Depends on the functional requirement(i.e. required width based on traffic
assessment)
 Single plane or double plane stay cable

• Girder Cross section related to cable anchorage
L&T Construction
Slide 17 17
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design

 Harp type vs. Fan type
• Cable arrangement shall be decided considering Aesthetics, construction
efficiency, overall cost etc.
Harp Type Fan Type
Shape
Eccentricity Less Eccentricity More Eccentricity

Anchor Detail Simple Complicated
 Design specification applicable

• PTI Recommendation for Stay Cable Design, SETRA, EURO CODE
- SLS
PTI : flimit=0.6fpu (∆fL : not exceed 70MPa in rare comb. )
SETRA : flimit=0.6fpu (∆fL : not exceed 50MPa in frequent comb. )
- ULS : flimit=0.75fpu (PTI and SETRA)
L&T Construction
Slide 18 18
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design
 PTI Recommendation (6th Edition)

• Resistance factor given referring AASHTO LRFD design specification load
combination
L&T Construction
Slide 19 19
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design

 Euro Code (EN-1993-1-11)
• Ultimate Limit States
• Serviceability limit States
L&T Construction
Slide 20 20
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Design
 During Construction
• Tensile stress limit : : No tension in Segmental construction, k1fctm or k6fctm
for cast-in-situ construction (IRC112-2011)
• Compression stress limit : k1fck or k6fck (IRC112-2011)
 Service limit State

• Tensile stress limit : No tension for Segmental construction, fctm for cast-in-
situ construction (IRC )
• Compression stress limit : 0.48fck
L&T Construction
Slide 21 21
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Design
 Ultimate limit State

• Ultimate Moment capacity • Ultimate Shear Capacity
• Ultimate Torsional Capacity
L&T Construction
Slide 22 22
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
 Aesthetic design
L&T Construction
Slide 23 23
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
 Anchorage Design
• Single Tube Type • Mono Tube Type • Anchor Box Type
L&T Construction
Slide 24 24
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
 Anchorage Design
L&T Construction
Slide 25 25
Lecture
by L&T
Connection to Pylon
 Bearing vs. Monolithic
L&T Construction
Slide 26 26
Lecture
by L&T
Expansion Joints
 Expansion Joint at Support location

• Conventional support system
• No concern about long-term deflection
L&T Construction
Slide 27 27
Lecture
by L&T
Expansion Joints
 Expansion Joint at Mid Span

• Needle Beam type or Hinge Joint
Needle Beam Type Hinge Type
GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING
ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT
GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING GUIDED BEARING

ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT
1,250 4,900 1,700 4,900 1,250

14,000
Port Mann Bridge

Otay River Bridge
L&T Construction
Slide 28 28
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
 Pile foundation vs. Well foundation
Pile Foundation Well Foundation
• applicable if scour depth is high where pile

• Economical in case less scour depth
foundation is not feasible
• Less construction time and flexible
• Less equipment required
arrangement of pile
• High geotechnical lateral resistance
L&T Construction
Slide 29 29
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
 Construction Methodology of Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 30 30
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
 Construction Methodology of Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 31 31
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 32 32
3. Design Example Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Design Parameter
 Material Property
• Concrete
M55 – Superstructure , Upper pylon and lower pylon
M35 - Foundation
• Post-tensioning strand
E = 195000 MPa
Poisson ratio = 0.3
12T15 and 19T15 prestressing tendons
• Stay cable
E = 195000 MPa
15.7mm dia. strand
• Reinforcement
• Fe 500
L&T Construction
Slide 33 33
Lecture
by L&T
Bridge general arrangement
 Span arrangement
• 110 m + 180 m + 110 m
L&T Construction
Slide 34 34
Lecture
by L&T
Bridge general arrangement
 Cross section
• Girder Depth : 3.5m ~ 5.5m
• Deck width : 28.0m
L&T Construction
Slide 35 35
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
 Permanent Load
• Self weight
 Super imposed dead Load
• SIDL variable (Wearing coat , Overlay)
• SIDL fixed (Crash barrier etc..)
 Variable Live Load (IRC112-2011 cl.204)
• Carriageway live load ( 70R, Class A,..)
• Pedestrian live load
L&T Construction
Slide 36 36
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
 Thermal Load
• Temperature gradient (IRC112-2011 cl.215.3)
• Uniform temperature (IRC112-2011 cl.215.2)
• Stay cable temperature
 Wind Load (IRC112-2011 cl.209)
L&T Construction
Slide 37 37
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
 Seismic Load
 Accidental Load
• Vehicle Collison
• Barge impact
• Impact due to floating bodies
 Hydraulic Loads
• Water current forces
• Wave pressure
• Buoyancy
 Construction Loads
 Earth pressure
L&T Construction
Slide 38 38
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
 Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

• Dead Load, SIDL, Pre-stressing, Thermal load etc.
L&T Construction
Slide 39 39
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
 Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

• Construction stage analysis considering time- dependent material property
BMD : Self Weight
BMD : Tendon Primary
L&T Construction
Slide 40 40
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
 Transverse Analysis using Plate Element Analysis Model

• Live load dispersion to be taken in to consideration
L&T Construction
Slide 41 41
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Design Summary
 Typical section Reinforcement drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 42 42
Lecture
by L&T
Longitudinal Analysis Model
 Line Beam analysis Model
L&T Construction
Slide 43 43
Lecture
by L&T
 Loading Application
• Self-Weight and SIDL
• Live Load
• Wind
• Thermal
• Seismic
 Tendon Arrangement
Stay Cable
Cantilever Tendon
Bottom Tendon ContinuityL&T

Tendon
Construction
Slide 44 44
Lecture
by L&T
 Similar scheme with Balanced Cantilever Girder Bridge
 Pylon and Stay Cable to be added

L&T Construction
Slide 45 45
Lecture
by L&T
Construction Stage Analysis
 Construction stage Analysis Result

• Construction sequence, age of segment, creep shrinkage
L&T Construction
Slide 46 46
Lecture
by L&T
Construction Stage Analysis
 Casting Curve
• Reference curve data during fabrication
• Final total camber + Vertical Profile
 Camber Table during erection
• Reference curve data during erection
Pylon
L&T Construction
Slide 47 47
Lecture
by L&T
Longitudinal Design Summary
 Construction stage result
Top Stresses During Construction Stages
L&T Construction
Slide 48 48
Lecture
by L&T
Bottom Stresses During Construction Stages
L&T Construction
Slide 49 49
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Stress at bottom & Top - Final Construction Stage
L&T Construction
Slide 50 50
Lecture
by L&T
 Post Construction stage Analysis result
Girder Stress Live Load
Cable Stress Live Load
L&T Construction
Slide 51 51
Lecture
by L&T
 Service Limit State Result
Top stresses in Rare Combination ( Live load Leading with temperature accompanying)
L&T Construction
Slide 52 52
Lecture
by L&T
 Service Limit State Result
Bottom stresses in Rare Combination ( Live load Leading with temperature accompanying)
L&T Construction
Slide 53 53
Lecture
by L&T
 Ultimate Limit State Result (Bending Moment Capacity)
L&T Construction
Slide 54 54
Lecture
by L&T
 Ultimate Limit State Result (Shear & Torsion Capacity)
L&T Construction
Slide 55 55
Lecture
by L&T
Miscellaneous design
 Anchor Blister Design
• Design as per section no 13 of IRC 112-2011
 Diaphragm design
• Design as per section no 13 of IRC 112-2011
 Bearing and Expansion joint

 Drainage and street lighting
 Pavement
L&T Construction
Slide 56 56
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 57 57
4. Comparative Study Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Description of Case Study
 Bridge Length
400m (=110m + 180m +110m)
 Width of deck
28m (6 lane = 2 x 3lane)
 Key Dimension for case studies
GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN PYLON HEIGHT

TYPE OF BRDIGE Remark
MID Support to SPAN
EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 3.5m 5.5m 22m Extradosed Bridge
GIRDER BRIDGE 3.5m 5.5m - Same Depth as Extradosed Bridge
GIRDER BRIDGE 3.5m 10.0m - Conventional Balanced Cantilever
L&T Construction
Slide 58 58
Lecture
by L&T
Comparison : Balanced Cantilever Bridge vs. Extradosed Bridge
 Extradosed Bridge with external stay cable (Girder depth at support = 5.5m)
Elevation
BMD 2,80,000kN.m
Stress
No Tension
L&T Construction
Slide 59 59
Lecture
by L&T
 Extradosed Bridge with external stay cable (Girder depth at support = 5.5m)
Elevation
BMD 11,25,000kN.m
Stress
19.1 Mpa
Girder depth shall be

increased
L&T Construction
Slide 60 60
Lecture
by L&T
 Balanced Cantilever Bridge (Girder depth at support = 10.0m)
Elevation
BMD 6,84,100 kN.m
Stress
No tension
L&T Construction
Slide 61 61
Lecture
by L&T
Findings
 Depth of Girder
• Depth of girder to be increased at support from 5.5m to 10m.
• Vertical profile to be raised in order to satisfy navigation clearance.
 Material Quantity
• Concrete : 15~25% saving in case of extradosed bridge
• Post-tensioning Tendon : Similar amount tendon consumed
• Stay cable : additional 150 Ton stay cable required.
 Constructability
• 23m high above deck to be constructed. Additional 1 month construction
period
L&T Construction
Slide 62 62
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 63 63
5. Reference Projects Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Second Vivekananda Bridge (SVBTC), Kolkata
 Feature of project
• Span configuration : 7 X 110 m + 2 X 55 m (880 m )
• Width of bridge : 28.6 m
• Foundation : Well Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 64 64
Lecture
by L&T
3rd Narmada Bridge, Gujarat
• Span configuration : 8 X 144 m + 2 X 96 m (1344 m)
• Foundation : Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 65 65
Lecture
by L&T
3rd Narmada Bridge, Gujarat
 General arrangement drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 66 66
Lecture
by L&T
Barapullah Bridge, Delhi
• Span configuration : 3 X 127.5 m + 2 X 85 m (552.5 m)
L&T Construction
Slide 67 67
Lecture
by L&T
Barapullah Bridge, Delhi
L&T Construction
Slide 68 68
Lecture
by L&T
Kacchi Dargah, Bihar
• Total length : 9.759 km ( Extradosed Bridge)
L&T Construction
Slide 69 69
Lecture
by L&T
Kacchi Dargah, Bihar
L&T Construction
Slide 70 70
Lecture
by L&T
Mandovi Bridge, Goa : Cable Stayed Bridge
• Span Configuration : 3 X 150 m + 2 X 85 m (620 m)
• Width of bridge : 21 m
• Foundation : Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 71 71
Lecture
by L&T
Mandovi Bridge, Goa : Cable Stayed Bridge
L&T Construction
Slide 72 72
2016 MIDAS Technical Chat Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Practical Design of
Extradosed Bridges
midas
Civil
THANK YOU
Inki Choi
Head-Design(Bridges)
Larsen & Toubro Construction
L&T Construction
L&T Construction
Slide 73 73

Practical Design of Extradosed Bridges: 2016 MIDAS Technical Chat

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2016 MIDAS Technical Chat

 Historical Extradosed Bridge

Characteristics of Extradoesd bridge

 Aesthetic point of view

 Structural behavior point

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

 Structural difference with Cable-stayed bridges

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

 Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load (β)

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

 Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load (β)

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

 Economical parameter for different type

GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 1:40~1:50 1:15~1:20 - 100~180m

 Tentative dimension for 200m main span

GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN

 Equivalent thickness of concrete

Design procedure flow chart

 Planning / Preparation of Concept / Design basis

• Survey information ( Soil / Topo & Bathymetry )

• Single cell, multi cell, Steel or Concrete

• Dead Load / Superimposed Dead Load

Design procedure flow chart

 Transverse design stage

• Bending moment capacity

Design procedure flow chart

 Longitudinal analysis stage

 Horizontal and Vertical Clearance

Cross Section / Number of Cable plane

 Single-Cell vs. Multi-cell

 Single plane or double plane stay cable

Stay Cable Design

Harp Type Fan Type

Eccentricity Less Eccentricity More Eccentricity

 Design specification applicable

Stay Cable Design

 PTI Recommendation (6th Edition)

Stay Cable Design

• Ultimate Limit States

• Serviceability limit States

 Service limit State

 Ultimate limit State

• Ultimate Torsional Capacity

• Single Tube Type • Mono Tube Type • Anchor Box Type

 Bearing vs. Monolithic

 Expansion Joint at Support location

 Expansion Joint at Mid Span

GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING GUIDED BEARING

1,250 4,900 1,700 4,900 1,250

Port Mann Bridge

 Pile foundation vs. Well foundation

Pile Foundation Well Foundation

• applicable if scour depth is high where pile

Bridge general arrangement

Bridge general arrangement

• Stay cable temperature

 Wind Load (IRC112-2011 cl.209)

 Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

 Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

BMD : Tendon Primary

 Transverse Analysis using Plate Element Analysis Model

Transverse Design Summary

 Typical section Reinforcement drawing