Technical considerations 31

Usually the base value for the apparent power S is fixed to a typical transformer
rating, and that for V to the nominal voltage. The base voltage Vb for other
voltage steps is calculated by using the transformer ratios, while Sb is the same
throughout the network being studied. Ib, Zb a n d Tb can be calculated from Sb
and Vb.
The example in Section 3.2.2 is now used again in order to illustrate the use of
the per-unit method. For calculating per-unit values the base power will be
taken as the rated power of the transformer, i.e. Sb = 25 MVA, and is common
to both voltage levels.
Calculating the base values of current for a 3-phase system:

atllOkV, IbA =
= (25x 10 6 )/V3 x 110000= 131-22 A
and at 20kV, IbB = Sb/V3VbB
= 721-7 A

and similarly the base values of impedance are:

at H O W , ZbA =V?A/Sb
= (110000)7(25 x 106) = 484fi
and at 20 kV, ZbB = V?B/Sb

= (20000)7(25 x 106) = 16 Q

The line ohmic values are then converted to per-unit values:

=0.05+i0.013

= 0-072 +j 0-044

The transformer reactance, given as 10% on 25 MVA, is thus 0-1 p.u. on the
chosen base of 25 MVA, so that the total per-unit impedance between A and B
is 0-077 -K/0-157.
A load of 10 MVA at 0-9 power factor, at 20 kV, equates to current /, where

/ = (10 x 10 6 )/(\/3 x 20 x 103 x 0-9)

= 320-8/-25-84°A
= 288-7 -j 139-8 A

Therefore the per-unit value of load current is

i = I/IbB = (288-7 -j 139-8)/721-7 = 0-400 -jO-194