OTC 7173
Reservoir Management Aspects of Producing Oil From Thin Oi
Rims in the Troll Field
Torgeir Kydland, S.E. Wennemo, and Gudmund Olsen,
Copyright 1993, OfLshore Technology Conference
This pap+v was presented at the 25th Annual OTC In Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 3-S May 1993.
This paper was selectad for presentation by the OTC Program Committee following review of information mntained in an abatract submitted by tha author(s). Contents of tha paper,
as presented, hava not been reviewed by tha Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to correot~n by tha author(s). The mater[~, = wsent~d, does not neces=rilY reffe~
anv oosition of the OfLshoreTochnoloov Conference or Ikeofficers. Permission to copy la restricted to an abstract of not mora than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract
shb~ld contain conaplcuoua acknowf&dgmant of where and by whom the PaPer ia presented.
ABSTRACT
The 22- 26m thick oil zone in the Troll West Oi[ Province,
offshore Norway, is planned to be developed by 18800m
long horizontal wells. The viability of such wells has been
proven by long-term testing. To obtain economic oil
production the wells will be completed in the lower part of
the oil rim close to the oil-water contact. The high water
production which is expected can, to some extent, be
controlled by gas reinfection. A flexible gas injection
scheme will therefore be implemented.
Allowing wells to produce free gas together with the oil
(super<riticalproduction) has been shown to accelerate oil
recovery and to improve lift and balance well pressures at
the subsea manifolds.
The complexity of the Troll field together with
simultaneous oil and gas production from different parts of
the field makes development planning and reservoir
management a great challenge. Significant movements of
the fluid contacts across the field are expected. Topredict
the globat effects accurately in addition to local
phenomena, such as gas and water coning in oil wells,
very flexible simulation models have been constructed.
INTRODUCTION
The Troll oil and gas field is located in 300m water depth
offshore Norway and covers an area of 700km2 (Fig. 11. It
contains an up to 26m thick oil rim sandwiched between
a large gas cap and an active aquifer. The field consists of
three easterly tilted fault blocks (Fig.2). In the
westernmost fault block, the Troll West Oil Province
(TWOP), the oil column is 22- 26m thick. The estimated
oil in-place in this province is 155x10%m3. In the central
449
Norsk Hydro a.s
fault block, the Troll West Gas Province (TWGP), the oil
zone is 12 - 14m thick and the estimated oil in-place
440x 10*Sm3. In the Troll East fault block the oil column is
only O - 4m.
The major gas accumulation is found in Troll East with a
gas in-place estimated at 1072xI 0%m3. In the TWGP the
estimated gas in-place is 570x I 0gSm3, and in the TWOP
27x10gSm3.
The development of Troll is divided in three phases. Phase
1 includes gas production from Troll East and is planned to
start in October 1996. Phase 2 covers development of the
oil resources. A planfordevelopmentandoperations(PDO)
of the oil in the TWOP was prepared during 1991 and was
approved in 1992. This plan assumes production startup
by the beginning of 1996. Oil production from the TWGP
is presently under evaluation, The TWOP development
concept has flexibility to include a future development also
of the oil resources in the TWGP.
Phase 3 includes large scale gas production from Troll
West. The gas strategy will be coordinated with the oil
production and will not be settled until the extent of the oil
development in the TWGP has been defined.
RESERVOIR DESCRIPTION
The reservoir sequence is of Middle to Upper Jurrassic age
and is approximately 160m thick. The sediments consist
of alternating layers of moderately to poorly sorted, clean,
medium to coarse grained sand with permeabilities in the
1 -30 Darcy range (C-sands) and micaceous, silty, very
fine to fine sands and siltstones with permeabilities of tens
to hundreds of milli-Darcies (M-sands). The structural dip
is generally less than one degree in the TWOP and up to
five degrees in the TWGP.
2 Reservoir Management Aspects of Producing 011From Thin ON Rims in the, Troll Field
The thickness of the productive C-sands is variable and up
to a few tens of meters at its maximum. This in
combination with a dipping formation and thin oil column,
limits the well target areas to distinct, often elongated
sandbodies, whose exact areal location is very sensitive to
geological and seismic uncertainty (Fig.3). The fraction of
oil in-place within C-sands is estimated at about 76% in
the TWOP and about 66% in the TWGP.
Calcite cemented zones with very low permeability occur
throughout the reservoir. Such zones may be divided in
two classes based on their potential lateral extension.
Regional calcites, inferred to be up to several kilometers
wide sheets, might occur at the boundaries of the
geological zones, while less extensive local calcites (1 -
100m wide) occur within the geological zones. The calcite
cemented zones represent restrictions to flow, but are
assumed not to act as complete barriers.
In parts of the field a relict oil zone below the oil-water
contact (OWC) exists. This zone is assumed to slow down
the inflow of water into the oil leg, but is uncertain both
with respect to extension and properties. The possibility of
a stronger influx of water than expected is therefore
reflected in the design criteria for the development.
A list of major reservoir and fluid properties is given in
Table 1.
LONG-TERM PRODUCTION TESTING
All studies of oil production from the thin oil zones on Troll
based on vertical wells concluded with negative or
marginal economy. Horizontal wells were therefore
proposed as a viable solution, but large uncertainties were
connected to the predicted performance of such wells.
To confirm the well potential and feasibility of drilling and
operating on Troll, two long-term tests in horizontal wells
have been performed. The test well 31 /2-Tl was drilled in
the southern part of the TWOP (Fig.4). The length of the
horizontal section was 502m with a vertical location
approximately 4m above the OWC, An 11-month
production test was carried out in this well during 1990.’
A 4-month production test was carried out in the southern
part of the TWGP during 1991,2 This test well, 31 /5-Tl,
was drilled with an 800m horizontal section and was
located at an average distance of 1m above the OWC. The
produced volumes of oil, gas and water during the two
tests are shown in Table 2.
Actual well performance confirmed the predicted benefit
of horizontal wells with respect to high initial oil rate and
delayed time for gas breakthrough. Both the initial oil rate
as well as the total oil production was typically four times
higher than could be expected for a vertical well in the
same environment.
The productivity of the TWOP test well was good3, with
significantly more oil produced in the test period than
predicted. The TWGP test well productivity was lower
than expected, but the cumulative production was within
460
OTC 007173
the range of pre-test predictions. Fig.5 shows actual
production from the test wells compared to the pre-test
predictions.
The main observations from the long-term tests can be
summarised as follows:4
Drilling and completion of up to 800m horizontal
sections in the unconsolidated sands in Troll was found
technically feasible.
Even in environments with significant calcite density
there were no indications that they act as sealing
barriers to flow.
Relative permeabilities and residual oil saturations were
re-evaluated through the history matching of the tests,
thus narrowing the uncertainty range for these
parameters.
Super-critical production was found to accelerate the
oil production significantly and the simulation models
predicted increased total recovery.
Using history-matched models, inverse coning was
identified as a method for accelerating oil production
and possibly increasing oil recovery.
The long-term tests have significantly increased the
understanding of producing from the thin oil zones on Troll
and have reduced the uncertainty associated with the field
development.
DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OF THE
OIL PROVINCE
Optimisation studies were carried out to determine the
optimum number of wells and production capacity. Well
numbers between 16 and 21 with horizontal section
lengths of 500 and 800m were evaluated. Oil production
capacities in the range 15 - 25,000 Sm3/d were
considered.
It was concluded in 1991 that the optimium scenario
consisted of 17 800m long oil producers. This number has
later been increased to 18 as a result of updated geological
modelling. Also, a vertical well for gas injection will be
drilled. The location of the wells are shown in Fig.6.
The oil production rate which gave the best economy was
25,000 Sm3/d. This capacity was selected as the design
processing capacity. In addition, 40,000 Sm3/d water and
5x 108Sm3/d gas are designed for.
The high permeability formations of Troll require sand
exclusion. A 6 5/8” pre-packed screen will be used to
complete the 8 1/2” horizontal sections. This liner design
was successfully applied in the horizontal test wells
31/2-Tl and 31/5-Tl (Fig.7).
The wells will be tied back to four subsea manifold
stations and the fluids transported to the semi-submersible
production unit by two parallel gathering lines per manifold
I
I
OTC O07173 T. Kydland, S.E. Wennemo and G. Olsen
station. It is flexibility to tie in up to 26 wells to the four
manifolds.
Production is scheduled to start by the beginning of 1996.
Eight oil producers and one gas injector are planned to be
predrilled, starting in March 1994.
The TWOP oil reserves are estimated to 60x10’%m3.
Expected production profiles areshownin Fig.8.
CRITERIA FOR LOCATING OIL
PRODUCERS
The main parameters governing individual well
performance have been identified by reservoir simulation:
- presence of highly permeable sand around the well
- vertical distance of the well to the OWC
thickness of the high-permeability sand between the
well and the gas-oil contact (GOC)
- presence of low permeable sand below the well.
The lowest acceptable permeability level for an
economically viable oil producer is about 2000mD and the
required oil in-place within the drainage area of the well
about 5x 10’%m3. The ideal vertical location of a well is
close to the OWC provided a low permeable sand is
present below the OWC to slow down the inflow of water.
Such a condition will maximise both the oil rate and the
total recovery.
in the dipping part of the reservoir, a well can be located
either in the centre of the high permeability C-sand or in a
bottom or top edge position, as indicated in Fig.9. The
three locations represent different distances to the under-
and overlying low permeable M-sands, which significantly
influences the water and gas inflow. It can be shown by
simulations that the central location B normally gives the
best oil recovery and therefore will be aimed at, although
this location gives a higher water cut than the bottom
edge location A. The top edge location C suffers from a
strong inflow of water along the bedding plane of the high-
permeability sand, and a well in this location will normally
shut in early due to lift problems.
PRODUCTION AND INJECTION
STRATEGY
Production profiles for wells on Troll are characterised by
a high initial rate and an early decline caused by gas and
water influx. Because target locations of the horizontal
sections are close to the OWC, water invades the well
after short time while gas breakthrough may be delayed up
to one year after production start.
When gas breakthrough occurs, the strategy for most
wells is to reduce the liquid rate by means of the subsea
choke until the gas cone retires. This procedure has to be
repeated several times during the production period and a
more or less continuous decline of the well rate results. A
steadily increasing water cut combined with a decline in
reservoir pressure causes the tubing head pressure of the
451
3
well to drop, and the well may shut in when the pressure
is too low to transport the fluids to the processing unit.
A typical performance plot of a well in the southern part of
the TWOP is shown in Fig.1 O.
The Troll reservoirs are expected to communicate through
the gas cap in the north and through the aquifer in the
south (Fig.4). Consequently, the reservoir behaviour in the
southern part of the TWOP is dominated by water influx
while the northern part gets pressure support from the
large gas cap in the TWGP. The fluid contacts are
expected to move strongly upwards in TWOP South while
they stay relatively constant in TWOP North. The
simulations predict that several of the southern wells,
especially at the flank, will experience very high water cuts
and shut in early due to lift problems. Allowing such wells
to produce supercritically (i.e. produce free gas together
with the oil) to improve lift, is beneficial only in the short
term, because the reduced pressure in the gas cap will
accelerate the rise of the OWC and cause even larger lift
problems at a later stage.
Gas Iniection
The 1991 PDO assumes that the associated gas from the
TWOP oil production will be exported via the Troll East
facilities. However, concern about the strong influx of the
aquifer in the TWOP South has been an incentive for
considering gas reinfection into this part of the reservoir.
Simulations have shown that gas injection significantly
reduces the expected inflow of the aquifer and enables the
flank wells to produce for a longer period.
The situation is illustrated in Fig. 11 which shows the
movement of the fluid contacts in a section running
NW-SE in the southern part of the TWOP, covering the
typical flank well TWOS02 and the typical interior well
TWOS09. It is observed that the very strong upward
movement of the oil zone at the flank well is considerably
reduced in the case where all associated gas from the
TWOP oil production is reinfected into a well about 1km
north of the 31 /2-5 well. The prolonged lifetime of the
flank well almost doubles the total oil production for the
well.
The interior well does not have lift problems in the case
with no gas injection. When gas is injected, the GOC is
pushed slightly downwards and the critical liquid rate to
gas coning is reduced. The oil production from this well is
therefore slightly reduced as an effect of gas injection.
Optimisation of the gas injection scheme showed that the
maximum gain in oil recovery from the TWOP was
obtained when gas injection was started about half a year
before the first well otherwise would have watered out.
Consequently, based on the present reservoir model, gas
injection should start around 1999/2000.
Gas reinfection was implemented in the development plan
during 1992 and has resulted in an upgrading of the oil
reserves in the TWOP by about 10%.
Super-Critical Production
4 Reservoir Management Aspects of Producing Oil From Thin Oil Rims in the, Troll Fir#d
The two long-term tests on Troll both showed an increased
oiirate when free gas was produced together with the oil.
However, the benefit of a super-critical production strategy
applied on a large scale, depends on several factors of
which fluid contact movements and hydraulics are the
most important.
In the TWOP South the contacts are expected to move
upwards as an effect of the expanding aquifer.
Super-critical production without reinfection of free gas
fortifies this movement and was found to have a negative
effect on the oil recovery. Reinfection of the free gas
tended to remove the negative effect, but the simulations
did not predict increased recovery. The selected production
strategy for the wells in TWOP South is therefore to keep
the liquid rate as high as possible without significant
production of free gas. However, wells with very high
water cut will be allowed to produce free gas to a limited
extent to improve lift and to balance the tubing head
pressure for wells manifolded into a common pipeline.
In TWOP North the contacts are expected to stay relatively
constant. Simulations show that the oil production is
accelerated and the total recovery increased by allowing
the wells to produce some free gas together with the oil.
The current strategy is therefore to produce these wells
slightly super-critical with a gas-oil ratio 3-4 times higher
than the solution gas-oil ratio of 55 Sm3/Sm3. A potential
for further optimizing this strategy is believed to exist.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL IN THE
GAS PROVINCE
Considerable oil resources are present in the Troll West
Gas Province (TWGP) which has an estimated oil in-place
about 2.5 times that of the TWOP. However, with an oil
column thickness of only 12-14m it is a great challenge to
obtain economic oil production even from such a large
potential.
It was concluded in the 1991 PDO that further appraisal of
the TWGP oil resources was required before
development decision could be taken. Since then, two
appraisal wells have been drilled and 3-D seismic has
replaced the original 2-D data. This has significantly
improved the quality of the data base, and evaluations are
currently ongoing aiming at a decision about development
early in 1994. The Troll West production unit has flexibility
to phase in up to five oil production clusters from the
TWGP.
The thin oil zone combined with a moderately dipping
reservoir tends to locate the producible oil in the TWGP
into distinct, elongated sand bodies (Fig.3). A relatively
small vertical adjustment of the structural model will result
in a large lateral displacement of the target areas for wells,
and the chance for drilling an unsuccessful producer could
be considerable.
Simulation studies by single well models have shown that
the highest oil production from a thin oil zone can be
obtained when the horizontal section is located below the
OWC (inverse coning). 5 However, the penalty for such a
OTC O07173
strategy is a very high water production and possible lift
problems. The target depth for wells in the TWGP will
therefore most probably be at the OWC.
Super-critical production has been found to be very
beneficial in the TWGP and will be the recommended
production strategy. Reservoir simulations show that such
a strategy both accelerates the oil production and
increases the total recovery. Free gas production together
with the oil improves lifting capacity and prolongs life time
of the wells. Due to the large gas cap in the TWGP free
gas can be produced without significant loss of reservoir
energy. The income from gas sales will make the project
economy more robust.
EFFECT OF LARGE SCALE GAS
PRODUCTION ON OIL RECOVERY
Optimum recovery of both oil and gas resources on Troll is
difficult to achieve since the two types of resources
require opposite production philosophies. The gas cap
would benefit from a high off take rate to avoid excessive
volumes of gas to be trapped by encroaching aquifers. The
oil resources, on the contrary, benefit from stable
conditions in the reservoir with contact movements and
drop of reservoir pressure kept at a minimum.
The gas deliveries from Troll East are already settled and
based on an annual offtake in the order of 23x10gSm3 at
plateau and scheduled to start in Octcber 1996, Troll East
is expected to be in communication with the TWGP in the
hydrocarbon zone in north and in the aquifer in south.
When depletion of Troll East starts, an upward contact
movement is induced in TWGP North and a downward
movement in TWGP South. Together with the drop in
reservoir pressure, this is unfavorable for the TWGP oil
production. Also the oil production from the TWOP is
negatively influenced by the Troll East gas production, but
to a lesser extent than the TWGP.
The 1991 PDO assumes that the large scale gas
a production from the TWGP (Phase 3) is started in 2010
and based on a yearly off take of 15x 10gSm3. However,
because the gas strategy is not yet settled, this is merely
a reference point for reservoir simulation. Producing gas at
a large scale from the TWGP induces an upward
movement of the oil zone. This is beneficial for the oil
production from TWGP South in the short term because it
counteracts the otherwise downward movement induced
by production from Troll East and the TWOP. In the long
term, however, it is negative because of the strong decline
in reservoir pressure. In TWGP North the effect of the
large scale gas production is solely negative.
The oil production from the TWOP is negatively affected
by the large scale gas production because of the rapid
decline in reservoir pressure. A too early startup of the gas
production will therefore reduce the oil reserves in the
TWOP.
The gas sales strategy for Troll West primarily must be
seen in light of the effect on the oil production. An
aggressive strategy could be beneficial for the gas
452
OTC O07173 T. Kydland, S.E. Wennemoand
recovery, but will probably be incompatible with a
development of the marginal oil reserves in the TWGP.
HANDLING UNCERTAINTIES - A
CRITICAL FACTOR
To locate horizontal wells in optimum positions within the
thin oil zones on Troll requires good control of both the
geological condition and the reservoir behaviour. The
consequence of a sub-optimum location of a well will be
a reduced oil rate caused by excessive gas coning or water
encroachment or by reduced productivity. The error margin
when locating wells is less on Troll than for most other
North Sea fields.
Several initiatives will be taken to reduce the impact of
uncertainty. Before production drilling is started extended
use of the seismic data base will be made. The quality of
the 3-D seismic on Troll is very good, and the planned
utilisation of intra-reservoir reflectors will improve the
accuracy of the geological model.
About half of the development wells will be combined with
a pilot hole to determine the reservoir properties and the
exact location of the contacts. The horizontal section will
be obtained by sidetracking the pilot hole. In addition, the
drilling programme assumes that up to three of the planned
pilot holes will be failures, i.e. that a satisfactory horizontal
section cannot be obtained by kicking off from the pilot
hole.
A comprehensive data acquisition activity is part of the
predrilling programme. The information obtained will be
continuously utilised to impose corrective actions on the
remaining programme. “Back-to-back” drilling of wells in
the same area will be avoided, even if this will lead to
extra rig movement. To secure an initially high production
level, the wells with the best geological control will be
drilled first.
After production startup the largest uncertainty is related
to the behaviour of the fluid contacts. The contact
movements are mainly governed by factors like a)
transmissibility across major faults, b) aquifer properties
and continuity, and c) residual oil zone below the OWC.
The uncertainty in these factors is expected to persist for
quite some time. Any unexpected contact behaviour will
probably not be detected until after accomplishment of the
ordinary drilling programme. The best possibility for
corrective action is therefore to adjust the gas injection. A
stronger influx of the aquifer in the TWOP South than
anticipated can be met by increased gas injection.
Oppositely, if water influx is not a problem, gas injection
can be reduced. Because Troll East will act as a swing
producer, very good flexibility is obtained for the relatively
small gas volumes associated with the oil production from
Troll West.
The uncertainties related to the oil reserves on Troll have
been quantified by a comprehensive sensitivity study
followed by a statistical analysis.
453
G. Olsen 5
RESERVOIR SIMULATION - AN
IMPORTANT TOOL IN THE TROLL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Important aspects of the field development like number of
wells, length of wells, location and direction of wells have
been derived based on extensive use of reservoir
simulation. Also the selection of topside capacities as well
as dimensioning of the flow lines for transportation of the
of well fluids to the process installation, have been guided
by reservoir simulation results.
The simulation models can be divided into three
categories:
- full field model covering all parts of the Troll field
sector models covering the separate provinces or parts
of them
sirlgle well models.
Due to the very large area covered, the full field model is
relatively coarse. It contains six vertical layers and has a
grid block size of 500m x 500m. Horizontal wells are
modelled by local grid refinements. A typical local grid
contains some 500 grid blocks. Depending on the number
of wells, the total number of grid blocks in the full field
model varies between 22,000 and 40,000.
Sector models covering the TWOP, the TWGP South and
the TWGP North have been constructed. Such models,
which typically have 12 vertical layers and a grid block
size of 250m x 250m, have been used to establish more
accurate well locations and production forecasts than
could be obtained by the full field model.
Very detailed sector models, covering specific areas in the
TWOP, will be constructed to aid in establishing final
target locations for the development wells. These models
will be frequently updated based on the geological
information obtained during the drilling period.
The single well models were used for matching of test
data and performing sensitivity studies, covering a wide
range of geological and reservoir technical conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Economic oil production from the thin oil zones on Troll
requires use of horizontal wells. One horizontal well can
replace up to four vertical wells.
The preparation of a viable development concept has
required extensive use of advanced simulation tools.
Long-term testing of horizontal wells has been
necessary to give confidence in the prediction tools.
Obtaining optimum well locations requires good
geological control and will be a great challenge during
development drilling.
6 Reservoir Management Aspects of Producing Oil From Thin 011Rims br the Troll Field 0TCO07173

Implementation of a flexible gas injection scheme gives

opportunity to control the inflow of the aquifer to some
extent.

Super-critical production accelerates the oil recovery Reservoir pressure at 1547mMSL 158 bar
and may be utilised to improve lift and to balance well Reservoir temperature 68 “c
pressures at the subsea manifolds. Gas-oil contact (GOC) 1543-1547 mMSL
Oil-water contact (OWC) 1559-1569 mMSL
Large scale gas production generally has a negative Oil formation volume factor (Bd) 1.16-1.20 m3/Sm3
influence on the oil production and should not be Gas formation volume factor (Bo) 0.0064 m3/Sm3
started until the majority of the oil reserves have been Solution gas-oil ratio (R.) 55-70 Sm3/Sm3
recovered. Oil viscosity 1.3 -2.1 mPas
Gas viscosity 0.018 mPas
Obtainin~ economic oii production from the thin oil Water viscosity 0.45 mPas
layers in- the Gas Province is even more challenging Oil density (at standard cond.) 884 kglm’
than for the Oil Province. Gas density (at standard cond.) 0.75 kglm3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Data given at in;t. reservoir cond. if not otherwise stated
The authors wish to express their thanks to all their
colleagues in Norsk Hydro Exploration and Production Table 1 Reservoir and Fluid Properties, Troll West
Division who have contributed to this paper and to the
management of Norsk Hydro a.s for permission to publish
it. We also thank the other Troll Iicence owners for
permission to publish this paper. The opinions expressed
Produced Volume 3112-TI 31 /5-Tl
are those of Norsk Hydro as, and may not represent the
views of other partners.
Oil (103Sm3) 1043 123
Gas (1O’%m31 83
REFERENCES Water (103) 424 152

1. Lien, S.C., Seines, K., Havig, S.0., Kydland, T.: “The Table 2 Production by Horizontal Test Wells
First Long-Term Horizontal-Well Test in the Troll Thin
Oil Zone”, JPT (August 1991), p.914.

2. Haug, B.T.: “The Second Long-Term Horizontal Well

Test in Troll: Successful Production From a 13m Oil
Column With the Weli Partly Completed in the Water
Zone”, paper SPE 24943 presented at the 67th Annual
Technical Conference and Exhibition, Washigtqn DC,
October 4-7, 1992.

3. Hovland, S., Jones, C., Whittle, T.: “Planning,

Implementation, and Analysis of the First Troll
Horizontal Well Test”, Paper SPE 20963 presented at
the 1990 SPE European Petroleum Engineering
Conference, The Hague, Oct. 22-24, 1990.

4. Seines, K., Lien, S.C., Haug, B.T.: “Two Horizontal

Well Tests in Troll Demonstrate Large Production
Potential From Thin Oil Zones”, paper SPE 22373
presented at the SPE International Meeting on
Petroleum Engineering held in Beijing, March 24-27,
1992.

5. Haug, B.T., Ferguson, l., Kydland, T.: “Horizontal Wells

in the Water Zone; The Most Effective Way of Tapping
011from Thin 011Zones?”, paper SPE 22929 presented
at the 66th SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition, Dallas, October 6-9, 1991.
Fig. 1- Troll Field Location Map
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Fig. 3- Potential Well Target Areas, Troll West

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Fig.6 - Recommended Production Well Locations,

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456
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1404 [
After 8Years Pmduc$iq with Gas Injection
Astted fmm tfw Begmnmg of the Year 5
: MShL
14s5 h

CM Rate
..
lsm%d)

3200-
.
//”
/
cum C41
(IW Srr?)
-4,4 T#J202
a
..(2s

f&3&
\ //
-4,0

2800- / -3,6
/

I
/ -3,2
24tX! -
!654
-2,2
mo -
— oil Ra10 -2,4
— -041 Curws, t two
1600- -2,0

i200- -1,6

-12
/
800-
,s

4C0 -
II ,4

0,
I ,0 =Cn
20@l 2005 2010 2015 lwos02 ❑
1995
YEARS “oh Water

1s33

Water
Cut
I ,0
1554
70

60 ,8 1560

50
1604
.6
Initial Situation
40

30 4
Fig. 11- Movement of Fluid Contacts in TWOP South

20
(
—
— -
TutiIw Haed Pr,ssuro
Watw cut
I 8
with and without Gas Injection

10

0 ,0
2000 200S 2010

Fig. 10- Simulated Performance of Well TWOS07,

TWOP South

457