Technical College of Engineering
Department of Petrochemical Engineering
COURSE: Refinery
Class: Third(2017 - 2018)
Name of Experiment: Conradson carbon residue of petroleum
products D189
Submitted by: Pashew Pirot Ali
Number of Experiment: 1
Date of experiment: 17/02 /2018
Date of submission: 03/ 03 /2018
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EVALUATION
Activity During Experiment & Procedure
Data & Results
Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions
Neat and tidy report writing
Overall Mark
Name of evaluator: Mr: Ala
Objective of the experiment:
To determine the amount of carbon residue left after evaporation and pyrolysis
of crude oil.
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Introduction:
A weighed quantity of sample is placed in a crucible and subjected to
destructive distillation. The residue undergoes cracking and coking reactions
during an axed period of severe heating. At the end of the specified heating
period, the test crucible containing the carbonaceous residue is cooled in a
desiccator and weighed. The residue remaining is calculated as a percentage
of the original sample, and reported as Conradson carbon residue. The carbon
residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon deposits under high
temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere. It may be expressed as
Ramsbottom Carbon Residue (RCR), Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) or
Micro Carbon Residue (MCR).Numerically, the CCR value is the same as that
of MCR. The carbon residue value is considered by some to give an
approximate indication of the combustibility and deposit forming tendencies
of the fuel. The carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon
deposits under high temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere, and may
be expressed commonly as Micro Carbon Residue (MCR) or alternatively
Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR). It should be noted that numerically MCR
is effectively the same as CCR. The following relation can be used to estimate
CCR from H/C:
%CCR=148.7-89.96 H/C
Conradson carbon residue of petroleum products D189
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Apparatus & Materials:
Conradson carbon residue apparatus includes the following:
1- Porcelain crucible.
2- Iron crucible – skidmore iron crucible.
3- Iron crucible.
4- Wire support.
5- Hood.
6- Insulator – Asbestos block, refractory ring, or hollow sheet-metal box.
7- Burner.
8- Sample of crude oil.
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Procedure:
1- Weigh accurately the empty dry and clean crucible on the analytical
balance, M1, gm.
2- Shake thoroughly the sample to be tested, first heating to 50C when
necessary to reduce its viscosity.
3- A 10 g sample is weighed (free of moisture & suspended matter) into a
porcelain crucible containing 2 glass beads (M2).
4- The crucible is placed in the center of skidmore crucible which is set at
the center of the iron crucible and covers are applied to both off
skidmore & iron crucible.
5- A strong flame is applied from the gas burner to have high heat for a
period of 10 min.
6- When smoke appears from the chimney the burner is moved or titled to
ignite the vapor then removed temporarily.
Conradson carbon residue of petroleum products D189
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7- When the vapors cease to burn the heat is reapplied until the bottom of
the sheet iron crucible is cherry red.
8- The burner is removed and the apparatus is cooled until no smoke
appears then the cover of skidmore crucible is removed (about 15 min).
9- The porcelain or silica crucible is removed, cooled and weighed again
accurately, M3, gm and the % of carbon residue is calculated based on
the original sample.
Discussion:
1- What are the most important factors that affect the accuracy of the
results of this experiment?
- The incorrect weight of the sample and should also be the incomplete
combustion. And also must combustion occur without present of oxygen
to get the result accurate/
2- What is the impact of carbon on the devices and equipment which treats
crude oil and petroleum products with high percentage of carbon
residue?
- Will be effect to devise will corrosion and erosion, and also effect to heat
transfer inside the equipment specific for distillation.
3- Do impurities and suspended matters have any effect on the results?
- Yes, they have effect on the result, and to stop it we should filtered the
sample before test.
4- Which hydrocarbons are expected to have a higher carbon residue?why?
- The aromatic hydrocarbons have higer residue, like Toluene.
- Beacause they have low hydrogen content and high carbon residue.
Reference:
Conradson carbon residue of petroleum products D189
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1- Wikipedia
2- Google search
3- www.scribd.com
4-www.enggcyclopedia.com
Conradson carbon residue of petroleum products D189
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