Present Perfect

(+) S + have/has + V3

(-) S + have/has + not + V3

(?) Have/has + S + V3?

Function

1) stating events in the past no matter when exactly happened

ex : I’ve read this book.
2) to show that an action occurred repeatedly in the past
ex : She has called you three times
3) to disclose events or situations that began in the past then continued until now
ex : We have lived in Bogor for 3 months.
4) to discuss the event that just happened
ex : * I’ve just sent you an email
*The rain’s just stopped.
Present Perfect Continuous
(+) S + have/has + been + Ving e.g: It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving e.g:I haven’t been eating for whole day
(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving e.g: Has she been waiting for me for a long this time?

Function

1) to show the completed action at a point in the past followed by its relevance to the
current condition (present)
ex :