1.

Simple Perfect Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai ada waktu
tertentu atau masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
Time Signal :
Already so far, until now, just, now, up to present, ever since, recently, lately, all day, all right,
all week, all my life, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + have/has + V3
(-) S + have/has + not + V3
(?) Have/has + S + V3
Nominal =
(+) S + have/has + been + O
(-) S + have/has + not + been+ O
(?) Have/has + S + been + O ?
Example :
(+) She has made an orange juice all week.
(-) She hasn’t made an avocado juice all week.
(?) Has she made an orange juice all week?

(+) The weather has been cold recently

(-) The weather hasn’t been warm lately
(?) Has the weather been warm lately?

(+) Joni and Jane has worked hard this year

(-) Joni and Jane hasn’t worked hard this year
(?) Has joni and jane worked hard this year?
2. Present Perfect Continuous
Usage :
Untuk menunjukkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau diikuti relevansiya
dengan kondisi saat ini.
Time Signal :
So far, all day, ever since, all week, all my life, lately, recently, for, since, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + have/has + been + V1-ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + V1-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + have/has + been + Adj/ Noun/ Adverb
(-) S + have/has + not + been+ Adj/ Noun/ Adverb
(?) Have/has + S + been + Adj/ Noun/ Adverb
Example :
(+) Joni has been playing in my bedroom since afternoon
(-) Joni has not been playing in my bedroom
(?) Has joni been playing in my bedroom?

(+) Joni has been driving for 4 hours

(-) Joni has not been driving for 4 hours
(?) Has joni been driving for 4 hours?