Job Number Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Example: Cantilever column with to bi-axial bending C11

Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W3.0.12 - 01 Jun 2017)

Design code : IS:456 - 2000

Input tables
General design parameters and loads:
Load Ultimate Limit State Design Loads
case Description
P (kN) Mx top (kNm) My top (kNm) Mx bot (kNm) My bot (kNm)
1 DL 70

D (mm) 450
b (mm) 300
d'x (mm) 50
d'y (mm) 50
Lo (m) 3.0
fck (MPa) 20.0
fy (MPa) 450
b=300

d'y=50
General design parameters: 500 Y
d'x=50

Given:
400
D = 450 mm
b = 300 mm
d'x = 50 mm 300

d'y = 50 mm
h=450

X X
Lo = 3.000 m 200

fck = 20 MPa
fy = 450 MPa 100

Design chart for bending about the X-X axis: 0

Y
100

200

300

Column design chart (X-X)

0

Moment max = 619.9kNm @ 534 kN

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
50.0

500
100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 360.0kNm @ 510 kN

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Therefore:

Ac = b . D
= .3 ×.45
= 0.1350 m²

D' = D - d'x
= .45 - .05
= 0.4000 m

b' = b - d'y
= .3 - .05
= 0.2500 m

Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 25.1.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area steel is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis/axes and design ultimate moment(s) is/are determined .
(5) The steel required for the design axial force and moments is read from
the relevant design charts.
(6) The procedure is repeated until the convergence of the area steel
about the design axis/axes.
(7) The area steel for the secondary design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
The column is unbraced.

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
The column is unbraced.

Effective column height:

lex = ßx. Lo
= 2.5 ×3
= 7.500 m

ley = ßy. Lo
= 2.5 ×3
= 7.500 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

lex
λx =
h
7.5
=
.45
= 16.667

ley
λy =
b
7.5
=
.3
= 25.000
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: 25.4
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.

For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:
Use emin = 20mm

Mmin = emin. N
= .02 ×70
= 1.400 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 25.1.2

λx = 16.7 > 12

λy = 25.0 > 12

∴ The column is slender.

Check slenderness limit: 25.3.2

Lo = 3.000 m < 100⋅ b'²/h' = 20.000

Lo = 3.000 m < 60⋅ b' = 18.000

∴ Slenderness limit not exceeded.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

∴ Mi ≥ 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

∴ Mi ≥ 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

Deflection induced moments: 39.7.1

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:

Puz = 0.45 . f cu. Ac + 0.75 . f y. Asc

= 0.45 ×20000 ×.135 + 0.75 ×450000 ×.00108
= 1 579.500 kN

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable compression stress in steel

f sc = 0.87 . f y
= 0.87 ×450
= 391.500 MPa

Allowable tensile stress in steel

f st = 0.87 . f y
= 0.87 ×450
= 391.500 MPa

Allowable tensile strain in steel

f st
ey =
Es
391.3
=
200000
= 0.0020

Allowable compressive strain in concrete

ec = 0.0035
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

For bending about the X-X axis:

Balanced neutral axis depth

h - dcx
xbal =
ey
1 +
cstrain
.45 - .05
=
.00196
1 +
.0035
= 0.2564 m

At
Pb = 0.4444 . ß . b . f cu. xbal + . (f sd - f s )
2
.00108
= 0.4444 ×.79752 ×.3 ×20000 ×.25657 + ×(391304 - 391304 )
2
= 545.598 kN

Puz - Pu
K=
Puz - Pb
1 564.7 - 70
=
1 564.7 - 545.66
= 1.467

Therefore:

Pu. D . lex 2 .
Max = K
2000 D
70 ×.45 7.5 2
= × ×1
2000 .45
= 4.375

For bending about the Y-Y axis:

Balanced neutral axis depth

b - dcy
xbal =
ey
1 +
cstrain
.3 - .05
=
.00196
1 +
.0035
= 0.1603 m
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

At .
Pb = 0.4444 . ß . h . f cu. xbal + (f sd - f s )
2
.00108
= 0.4444 ×.79752 ×.45 ×20000 ×.16036 + ×(391304 - 391304 )
2
= 511.510 kN

Puz - Pu
K=
Puz - Pb
1 564.7 - 70
=
1 564.7 - 511.56
= 1.419

Therefore:

Pu. D . ley 2 .
May = K
2000 b
70 ×.3 7.5 2
= × ×1
2000 .3
= 6.562

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 70.0 kN

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a) 39.7.1

M = M2 + Madd
= 0 + 4.375
= 4.375 kNm

(d) 39.7.1

M = emin. N
= .021 ×70
= 1.470 kNm

Thus 39.7.1

M = 4.4 kNm
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 0.0 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 4.8 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 4.4 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=4.8 kNm
Mxmin=1.5 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=0.0 kNm Mxadd=4.4 kNm

Initial Additional Design

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a) 39.7.1

M = M2 + Madd
= 0 + 6.5625
= 6.562 kNm

(d) 39.7.1

M = emin. N
= .02 ×70
= 1.400 kNm

Thus 39.7.1

M = 6.6 kNm

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 0.0 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 6.3 kNm
At the bottom, My = 6.6 kNm
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=6.6 kNm
Mymin=1.4 kNm

+ =

Mybot=0.0 kNm Myadd=6.6 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the bottom end of the column.

The column is bi-axially bent. 39.6

The equation [Mux/Mux1]αn + [Muy/Muy1]αn <= 1.00 must be satisfied by adjusting Asc as required.

For bending about the design axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 360.0kNm @ 510 kN

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Minimum reinforcement required for bending about the X-X axis only:
From the design chart, Asc = 1081 mm² = 0.80%

For this value of Asc the following applies:

Puz = 0.45 . f cu. Ac + 0.75 . f y. Asc
= 0.45 ×20000 ×.135 + 0.75 ×450000 ×.00108
= 1 579.500 kN
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Pu
Pu-Puz-ratio =
Puz
70
=
1 579.8
= 0.0443

∴ αn = 1.0000

From the design charts:

Mux1 = 102.28 kNm

Muy1 = 62.51 kNm

Thus:

Mux a Muy a
f ac = +
Mux1 Muy1
4.375 1 6.5625 1
= +
102.28 62.508
= 0.1478

For bending about the design axis - use the Y-axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 360.0kNm @ 510 kN

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:

Load case Axis Pu (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Ma (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) Asc (mm²)
X-X 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 Y-Y 4.4 1081 (0.80%)
1 Y-Y 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 Bottom 6.6 1081 (0.80%)
 COLUMN LINKS AS PER IS 456:2000
CONCRETE COVER 30MM PER SIDE MINIMUM REQUIRED

LINK TYPES:
1 2 3 4

Single link, no Single link with Predominantly links Only clips around
clips or links on diamond link for around middle middle bars.
middle bars. middle bars. bars.
 LINK TYPE -1 , RING DIA. 8MM @ 150MM SPACE

16MM DIA ROD @ CORNERS AND DIA. 12MM (2NOS. PER SIDE)

No BARS BENDING
MEMBER OF PER DIA LENGTH TOTAL MARK SC
MEMB NUM- A B C D E/r
BER
1 4 Y16 3100 4 A 34 2950
8 Y12 2950 8 B 20 (2950)
21 R8 1400 21 C 60 240 390

3000

A B B A
R8-C

B B

B B

A B B A

SECTION

21C-R8-150
4Y16-A + 8Y12-B

Cover on links = 30 mm

8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 TOT Date

R 12 12 Det by
Y 21 20 41 Ref Dwg
TOT 12 21 20 52 Job No

Revision
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd

http://www.prokon.com Schedule No Rcolbs

COLUMN 3D VIEW AS PER LINK TYPE -1
 LINK TYPE -2 , RING DIA. 8MM @ 300MM SPACE

16MM DIA ROD @ CORNERS AND DIA. 12MM (2NOS. PER SIDE)

No BARS BENDING
MEMBER OF PER DIA LENGTH TOTAL MARK SC
MEMB NUM- A B C D E/r
BER
1 4 Y16 3100 4 A 34 2950
8 Y12 2950 8 B 20 (2950)
11 R8 1400 11 C 60 240 390
11 R8 950 11 D 60 240 150
11 R8 1150 11 E 60 100 390

3000

R8-D

A B B A
R8-C

B B

B B

R8-E

A B B A

11R8-(C+D+E)-300
SECTION

4Y16-A + 8Y12-B

Cover on links = 30 mm

8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 TOT Date

R 15 15 Det by
Y 21 20 41 Ref Dwg
TOT 15 21 20 56 Job No

Revision
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd

http://www.prokon.com Schedule No Rcolbs

COLUMN 3D VIEW AS PER LINK TYPE -2