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Bored Piles 1.2m Diameter with 18500kN Design loads:

C13
LOADS (ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE)

General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W3.0.20 - 22 Aug 2018) Load case Designation P (kN) Mx top (kNm) My top (kNm) Mx bot (kNm) My bot (kNm)
1 ULS 18500
Design code : Eurocode 2 - 2004 2 ULS*20mm ECC 18500 370 370
3 ULS*(H/30,20mm) 18500 710 710
Input tables 4 ULS Clause 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4) 18500 1198 1198

General design parameters:

Code specific parameters:
COLUMN SECTION
Building inclination (rad.) 0.005
X/Radius or Y (mm)
Code Bar dia. (mm) Angle (°) Eff. creep ratio to 5.8.4 0

+
Eurocode 2 - 2004
Y
c 575.000 General design parameters:
+ 436.957 159.039 Given:
b 40.000 l = 11.500 m
fck = 28 MPa 500
+ 356.211 298.896
fy = 500 MPa
b 40.000
Ac = 1016070 mm²
+ 232.500 402.702
X X
0
b 40.000 Assumptions:
+ 80.746 457.936 (1) The general conditions of clause 5.8.8.2 are applicable.
b 40.000 (2) The specified design axial loads include
the self-weight of the column. -500
+ -80.746 457.936
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant
b 40.000
over the height of the column.
+ -232.500 402.702

-500

500
Y

0
b 40.000
+ -356.211 298.896 Design approach:
b 40.000 The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
+ -436.957 159.039 (1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
b 40.000
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
+ -465.000 0.000
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
b 40.000 (5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
+ -436.957 -159.039 the relevant design chart.
b 40.000 (6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.
+ -356.211 -298.896 (7) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
b 40.000
(8) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the lowest
safety factor about the design axis
+ -232.500 -402.702
b 40.000 Through inspection:
+ -80.746 -457.936 Load case 4 (ULS Clause 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4)) is critical.
b 40.000
+ 80.746 -457.936 Check column slenderness:
b 40.000 End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
+ 232.500 -402.702
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
b 40.000
The column is braced.
+ 356.211 -298.896
b 40.000 Effective length factor ß = 0.85 Table 3.19
+ 436.957 -159.039
b 40.000 Effective column height:
+ 465.000 0.000
b 40.000
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Check if the column is slender: 5.8.3.1

lo = ß . l
= .85 ×11.5
= 9.775 m
Ned = 18500.0 kN

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

acc. f ck
f cd =
1.50
1 ×28
lo =
max_sl = 1.50
r
= 18.667 MPa
9.775
=
.28651
= 34.117

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: fy
f yd =
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending: 1.15
500
=
5.2(7) 1.15
= 434.783 MPa

θ . l0
eminx =
2
.005 ×9.775
=
2
5.5.3.1 (1)
= 0.0244 m

Ned
n=
Ac. f cd
5.2(7) 1850×104
=
1016×103 ×18.667
= 0.9754
θ . l0
eminy =
2
.005 ×9.775
=
2
Check slenderness 5.8.3.1 (1)
= 0.0244 m
A = 0.7

5.8.8.3 (3)
Use emin = 20mm 6.1 (4)

As . f yd
ω=
Ac. f cd
22619 ×434.78
=
1016×103 ×18.667
Mminx = eminx. N
= 0.5185
= .02444 ×18500
= 452.140 kNm

5.8.3.1 (1)
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Initial moments:
B = 1 + 2. ω
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
= 1 + 2 ×.51852
= 1.427 M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 1198.0 kNm

Larger end moment
The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2
M02 = 2146.3 kNm

Smaller end moment

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
M01 = 452.1 kNm = - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×1198
= 718.800 kNm
5.8.3.1 (1)

M01
rm =
M02
452.09 Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
=
2 146.3 = 0.4 ×1198
= 0.2106 = 479.200 kNm

∴ Mi ≥ 0.4M2 = 718.8 kNm

5.8.3.1 (1)
The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:
C = 1.7 - rm
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
= 1.7 - .21064
= 1.489 M2 = Larger initial end moment = 1198.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2

5.8.3.1 (1)
Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×1198
20 . A . B . C
λlim = = 718.800 kNm
n
20 ×.7 ×1.4272 ×1.4894
=
.9754
= 30.132

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×1198
= 479.200 kNm
λ = 34.12 > 30.13

∴ The column is slender.

∴ Mi ≥ 0.4M2 = 718.8 kNm
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Deflection induced moments: 5.8.8.2

5.8.8.3 (3) Allowable tensile strain in steel 5.8.8.3 (1)

f st
n=
Ned εyd =
Ac. f cd Es
1850×104 =
434.78
=
1016×103 ×18.667 200000
= 0.9754 = 0.0022

5.8.8.3 (3) 5.8.8.3 (4)

As . f yd f ck λ
ω= ß = 0.35 + -
Ac. f cd 200 150
22619 ×434.78 28 34.118
= = 0.35 + -
1016×103 ×18.667 200 150
= 0.5185 = 0.2625

5.8.8.3 (3) 5.8.8.3 (4)

nu = 1 + ω Kφ = 1 + ß . φ ef
= 1 + .51852 = 1 + .26255 ×0
= 1.519 = 1.0000

For bending about the X-X axis: Kφ is limited to >= 1

5.8.8.3 (3)
5.8.8.3 (1)

Nbal
nbal =
Ac. f cd Kr. Kφ. εyd
curvature =
0.45 . d
9261×103
=
1016×103 ×18.667 =
.52718 ×1 ×.00217
0.45 ×1.0415
= 0.4883
= 0.0024

5.8.8.3 (3)
5.8.8.2 (3)

nu - n
Kr = curvature. lo2
nu - nbal e2 =
c
1.5185 - .9754
=
1.5185 - .48828 .00245 ×9.775 2
=
= 0.5272 10
= 0.0234

Kr is limited to <= 1 5.8.8.2 (3)

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Madd = Ned. e2 Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=1759.1 kNm
= 18500 ×.02337
Mxtop=1198.0 kNm Mxadd/2=216.1 kNm Mx-imperf+Madd=345.0 kNm
= 432.345 kNm

Mxadd=-432.3 kNm
∴ Maddx = Madd*cos(-180.00°) = 432.3 kNm
∴ Maddy = Madd*sin(-180.00°) = 0.0 kNm
+ =

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 18500.0 kN Mxbot=0.0 kNm Mxadd/2=216.1 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 5.8.8.2
(a) 5.8.8.2 Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 5.8.8.2
Madd (a) 5.8.8.2
Mtop = Mt + + Mimperf
2
432.26
= 1198 + + 344.95 Madd
2 Mtop = Mt + + Mimperf
2
= 1 759.080 kNm
0
= 1198 + + 292.23
2
= 1 490.230 kNm

(b) 5.8.8.2

Mmid = Mi + Madd + Mimperf (b) 5.8.8.2

= 718.8 + 432.26 + 383.47
= 1 534.530 kNm
Mmid = Mi + Madd + Mimperf
= 718.8 + 0 + 239.46
= 958.260 kNm
(c) 5.8.8.2

Madd (c) 5.8.8.2

Mbot = Mb + + Mimperf
2
432.26
=0 + + 452.09 Madd
2 Mbot = Mb + + Mimperf
2
= 668.220 kNm
0
=0 + +0
2
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Thus 5.8.8.2

M = 1759.1 kNm
Thus 5.8.8.2

M = 1490.2 kNm
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Stresses at the top end of the column for the critical load case 4
Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)
My=1490.2 kNm
Mytop=1198.0 kNm My-imperf+Madd=292.2 kNm
Eurocode 2 - 2004
Y
D
M
+ =
500
Mybot=0.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

40.3°
X 40.3° X
0
Design of column section for ULS:
The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 4 lies at an angle of 40.27° to the X-axis -500
The safety factor for the critical load case 4 is 1.16

For bending about the design axis:

D
M

-500

500
Y

0
Interaction Diagram
Moment max = 4758 kNm @ 7536kN

30E3
28E3
26E3
24E3
22E3
20E3 18500 kN
18E3 Summary of design calculations:
16E3
Axial load (kN)

14E3 Design table for critical load case:

12E3
10E3
8000 Moments and Reinforcement for LC 4:ULS Clause 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4)
6000 Top Middle Bottom
-5000
-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000

4000
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
-500
0.00

Madd-x (kNm) 216.1 -432.3 -216.1

500

2000
Madd-y (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
2305 kNm

-2000 Mx (kNm) 1759.1 1534.5 668.2

-4000
-6000 My (kNm) 1490.2 958.3 0.0
-8000 M-imperf (kNm) 452.1 452.1 452.1
M-design (kNm) 2305.5 1809.2 668.2
Bending moment (kNm)
Design axis (°) 40.27 31.98 180.00
Safety factor 1.16 1.24 1.42
Asc (mm²) 22619 22619 22619
Percentage 2.18 % 2.18 % 2.18 %
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis: AsNom (mm²) 3700 3700 3700
Critical load case: LC 4
The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction
Design results for all load cases:
At the top, Mx = 2305.5 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 1809.2 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 668.2 kNm
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Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X 0.0 0.0 0.0 -432.3 884.4

ULS Y-Y 18500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Middle 0.0 884.4 1.388

Load case 2 X-X 0.0 370.0 222.0 -432.3 1082.4

ULS*20mm ECCY-Y 18500.0 0.0 370.0 222.0 0.0 Middle 611.3 1143.0 1.347

Load case 3 X-X 0.0 710.0 426.0 216.1 1284.9

ULS*(H/30,20mm)
Y-Y 18500.0 0.0 710.0 426.0 0.0 Top 985.1 1619.1 1.269

Load case 4 X-X 0.0 1198.0 718.8 216.1 1759.1

Y-Y & 6.1(4)
ULS Clause 5.8.8.2 18500.0 0.0 1198.0 718.8 0.0 Top 1490.2 2305.5 1.161

Load case 4 (ULS Clause 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4)) is critical.