WWWT 1111 Pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 - (Water Distribution Foundations - 3

12/20/2017 WWWT 1111 pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 - (Water Distribution Foundations - 3.
3 -) Flashcards | Memorang
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WWWT 1111 pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 -
180 facts by tneufeld5 (/u/tneufeld5)
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REVIEW
before any excavation work is to be started____ you must call Alberta One-Call
Alberta One-Call previously known as___ Alberta First Call
Alberta One-Call as known as_____ Call Before You Dig
you must call Alberta One-Call to____ get a locate on nearby utility lines
call Alberta One-Call ahead by ____ at least 2 business days
What does Alberta One-Call do? locate and mark utility lines
Will Alberta One-Call locate and mark all utility lines? not necessarily. Only the ones they know about
for water and sewer lines horizontal separation should 10', or 3 m

be__
for water and sewer lines vertical separation should 1', or .3 m, with the water line higher than the sewer line
be__
storm sewer should be horizontally separated from

10', or 3 m
either water or sewer by ___
stringing the pipe means___ placing pipe alongside the trench it will be put into
stringing the pipe is done to___ to prevent unnecessary handling of the pipe
whenever loading, unloading, or transporting pipe, care avoid damage to the pipe's coatings, both interior and exterior, as well as to
must be taken to ___(3) the structural integrity of the pipe.
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12/20/2017 WWWT 1111 pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 - (Water Distribution Foundations - 3.3 -) Flashcards | Memorang
beyond just avoiding(/)

damage to prevent any contamination of the pipe, such as animals getting inside or
 to the pipe, care must also
 (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)
be taken to___ polluted water entering the pipe
the best way to check metal pipe is to____ tap it gently with a hammer
When you check a metal pipe by tapping it gently if the pipe does not ring or hum clearly (true) the pipe is more than likely
___(result) cracked
excavation, asphalt and concrete should be ___ saw cut prior to excavation
excavation, check to see if ground has been____ previously disturbed
excavation, spoil can be dealt with in 2 ways trucked away or cast to the side as a spoil pile.
excavation, for proper procedure ____ refer to excavation and trenching regulations
excavation, width of trench no more than 2' (600mm) wider than the diameter of pipe
trench depth below the pipe should be ____ 6 inches (150mm) minimum in rock or dirt
trench should be dug how far ahead of the work? only as far as necessary for smooth operation
spoil should be placed where? between trench and tra c
spoil should be placed how far away? Why? 2 - 5' away, so crew can walk between spoil and the excavation
in trench less than 5', or 1.5 m, deep spoil should be 2' (.6m) or or more back from the edge of the trench, and only on one side of
placed____ the trench
in trench deeper than 5', or 1.5 m, deep spoil should be 4' (1.2m) or or more back from the edge of the trench, and only on one side
placed____ of the trench
no worker shall enter a trench deeper than 1.5 meters proper shoring or cut back method to prevent the walls of the trench from
without ___ caving in
the occupational health and safety act. excavations, trenches, tunnels and
all shoring requirements are based on___
underground shafts
types of shoring (3) ** wood shoring hydraulic aluminum shoring trench box
wood shoring this type is built in place
this is engineered shoring and is installed quickly. Usually for 5 or less days in
hydraulic aluminum shoring
y g
case hydraulic pressure bleeds o
trench box this is very heavy but strong
facing in the direction that the work is proceeding unless being laid downhill.
pipe laying, pipes should be laid with the bell ___
If laying downhill the bell should face uphill
pipe laying, depending on the weight of the pipe lower

by hand or machine
pipes into trench___
pipe laying, before installation clean ___ the interior and exterior of the pipe of any foreign material
pipe laying, disinfection of the pipe with ____ a hypochlorite solution may be necessary
pipe laying, when leaving the trench for any period of

plug the end of the pipe with a water tight plug
time___
pipe laying, when joining use___ proper lubrication
pipe laying, when the pipe is pushed together properly

a distinctive sound is heard
____
pipe laying, the joint should be checked with a feeler

determine if gasket has rolled
gauge to
prevent pipe ttings from being pushed o the pipe when the tting causes
thrust blocks are required to__
the water to change direction or stop the ow
thrust blocks are commonly made from___ concrete
thrust blocks should only come in contact with___(2) the tting and the wall of the trench
thrust blocks, concrete should be allowed to set

5 days
properly, prior to any testing, for how many days?
back lling should be done in____ layers
rst layer of back ll should be to _____ spring line
water quality is a general term used to describe the

chemical, physical, and biological
composite ____(3) characteristics of a water supply
a domestic water supply is considered satisfactory free of disease-causing organisms free of toxic chemicals palatable has
when it is (4) a balanced chemical composition
in most instances treatment plants produce a high

T
water quality. T or F
perhaps the single greatest cause water quality
problem which a ects(/) thedaily lives of most consumers
 (/create) the deterioration of water quality within the water distribution
Login systemPower (/marketplace/)
results from ___
MAC stands for___ Maximum Acceptable Concentration
IMAC stands for___ Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO stands for___ Aesthetic Objective
MAC, IMAC, and AO are WQ standards published by___ Health Canada
after rst layer of back ll to spring line, additional

layers should be in depths that can be compacted to T
required compaction levels. T or F
for math problems using dosage, think of ? mg/L as ___ ppm, or ? / 10^6
Pressure & Leakage Testing, water mains that leak are

F. They are allowed to leak a certain amount and still be in compliance
not in compliance. T or F
Pressure & Leakage Testing, valved sections of pipe

F. They should be lled with water slowly
should be quickly lled with water. T or F
Pressure & Leakage Testing, after lled with water, to

ushing is performed
remove any contaminants and air___
Pressure & Leakage Testing, ushing is performed

re hydrants and corporation stops
through___
Pressure & Leakage Testing, before testing the pipe is at least 24 hours
lled with water and must sit ____
Pressure & Leakage Testing, for pressure testing the

150% of the operating pressure, or 150 psi - which ever is greater
pressure is brought up to___
Pressure & Leakage Testing, distribution operator

pressure to be tested at, and allowable leakage
needs to complete calculations of____(2)
Pressure & Leakage Testing, test is usually how long? 2 hours
Pressure & Leakage Testing, during test operator must

pumping water into the line as required
maintain the pressure by___
Pressure & Leakage Testing, the water pumped into the leakage
line to maintain pressure is the____
Pressure & Leakage Testing, the water pumped into the

see if the pipe is within the allowable leakage
line to maintain pressure must be measured so as to___
Pressure & Leakage Testing, after passing tests, line

disinfected
is____
____

Pressure & Leakage Testing, disinfection is performed
same equipment used to pressure test
with____
shoring, if cutback should be 2 to 1 ratio. 5' deep, how

10'
many feet at the top?
when shoring a ditch the ends are left open. T or F F. Shore the ditch ends as well
Comparing disturbed and undisturbed soil, undisturbed

layered
soil is____
WQ standards generally relate to either ____ or ______ health or aesthetics
WQ standards are set by____ Health Canada
WQ standards set by Health Canada are published as___ Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Sixth Edition
3 types of contaminants served from a distribution

chemical, physical, biological
system
contaminants, chemical examples, inorganic (5) lead, mercury, ouride, nitrate, arsenic
contaminants, chemical examples, organic (4) humic substances, pesticides, herbacides, THMs
contaminants, physical examples (5) color, taste, odor, turbidity, temperature,
contaminants, biological examples (2) pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms
microbiological guide lines are required to control the

pathogenic (disease causing) microorganisms
presence of ____
pathogenic microorganisms, in healthy individuals

cause gastrointestinal illness that are non-life threatening
cause___
pathogenic microorganisms, in infants, elderly, and

death
immune de cient people may cause___
microbiological guide lines, since it is not practical or

technically feasible to monitor all pathogens in drinking indicator organisms
water, the guidelines are based on____
microbiological guide lines, a major indicator organism coliform bacteria

is____
microbiological guide lines, total coliforms are not

fecal contamination
necessarily an indication of the presence of ____
microbiological guide lines, MAC for coliforms in
zero coliforms detectable in 100 ml
drinking water is___ (/)   (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)
-no sample should contain more than 10 coliform per100 ml, and none of
microbiological guide lines, because coliforms are not
uniformly distributed in water the following guide lines which shall be fecal coliform -no consecutive sample from the same site
are allowed (2)
should show the presence of coliform organisms
-not more than one sample from a set of samples taken from the community
microbiological guide lines, because coliforms are not on a given day should show the presence of coliform bacteria -not more than
uniformly distributed in water the following guide lines
are allowed for Community Drinking Water Systems (2) 10% of the samples based on a minimum of 10 samples should show the
presence of coliform bacteria
microbiological guide lines, regarding viruses and there are no guidelines proposed at this time. although it is desirable that no
protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium, etc.) viruses or protozoa be detected
microbiological guide lines, sampling, pop of up to 5,000 4 samples per month
microbiological guide lines, sampling, pop 5,000 to

1 per 1,000 population (per month ?)
90,000
microbiological guide lines, sampling, pop > 90,000 90 samples, plus 1 per 10,000 (per month ?)
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters,

3.0 mg/L MAC
chloramines
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, color <15 TCU AO **

1.5 mg/L (1 mg/L) MAC **
ouride
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, excess of 500 mg/L unacceptable for use
hardness
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, iron < 0.3 mg/L AO
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, lead 0.010 mg/L MAC **

<0.05 mg/L AO
manganese
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, odor ino ensive, AO
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, pH 6.5 -8.5 AO **
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, taste ino ensive, AO

< 15C AO
temperature
id li f h i l d h i l
guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, TDS <500 mg/L AO

1 NTU MAC, < 5 NTU AO at consumption
turbidity
common types of contaminants, milky water caused by entrained air or by macroscopic organisms such as worms or bugs in the
____ water
common types of contaminants, trihalomethanes

chlorination by reactions with natural organic materials in the water
(THMs) often formed during ____
contamination can occur at (3) raw water supply treatment plant system storage facilities & mains
cross connections corrosion biological growth high temperature

factors causing water quality degradation (7) unusual ows, dead ends, time in system age of facilities operational
procedures
any situation that when non-potable water comes in contact with a potable
a CROSS-CONNECTION is ___
water system
contamination from back ow (cross connection) to more waterborne disease outbreaks in the US & Canada than any other
distribution systems has consistently caused ____ reported factor
typical residential cross-connections (5) -hose bibs -lawn irrigation -jacuzzis -swimming pools -toilet ball-cocks
back ow can occur thru a cross connection either by

back siphonage, or back pressure
___(2)
a negative (below atmospheric) pressure in the water supply system “i.e.”

backsiphonage is caused by ___ **
water main break, re, unusual ow conditions etc.
the users water pressure is greater than the public water supply. most
back pressure caused when ___
common example is when a user has a private well hooked up to his system
-inform consumers -conduct inspections of distribution system -analyzing and

prevention of cross-conections recognizing potential cross-connections -installing back ow devices when
needed
is the gradual deterioration or destruction of a substance or material by

CORROSION, de ne
chemical action proceeding inward from the surface
corrosion is . often induced by _____ by electrochemical reactions
corrosion causes 3 types of problems health, economic as well as aesthetic problems
may cause toxic substances from pipe materials to be released into the water
corrosion, health problems
supply such as lead, cadmium, zinc and certain organic compounds
causes the water main pipes to become weak and leads to water main breaks
corrosion, economic problems
and possible need to replace the entire lines which is very costly
red water is a major problem and although it may not be toxic it is

corrosion, aesthetic problems
objectionable to the senses
corrosion, red water, (/) 

the exact chemistry of how iron  (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)
known
goes into solution is not ______
corrosion, red water, a common cause that must be

iron bacteria (crenothrix)
treated is ___
corrosion, red water, may also be caused by ____ potassium permanganate
BIOLOGICAL Growth and Activity, EPA has reported

that in water with turbidity as low as 3.8 ntu that
30 minutes of contact time
coliform bacteria have been observed to consistently
survive 0.1 to 0.5 mg/l free chlorine after ____
aftergrowth, de ne the development of coliform bacteria in the distribution system
aftergrowth coliform bacteria appear in the distribution

the water from the treatment plant meet all bacterial standards
system even though___
3 factors that a ect aftergrowth are___ -temperature, -residual chlorine, and - nutrients
higher temperature tends to speed the rates of chemical reactions

TEMPERATURE, water temperature has 4 major impacts
biological growth biological decomposition chlorine demand will probably be
on water quality **
higher and thusly residuals will not carry as far
changes in velocity and ow reversals may result in sediments being stirred

up and released to the consumer low ow and circulation can cause growth
FLOW, large variations in ow may adversely a ect of organisms , formation of sediments, depletion of oxygen and taste and
water quality three ways odors turbulence in the main may cause entrained air in the water which
will cause milky water which is not harmful but causes concern with the
consumer
TIME IN SYSTEM, the longer water is in a system the

more probability that there may be a chance of ______ biological or chemical change
to the water.
to avoid biological or chemical change in water from

remaining in distribution system to long the system may ushed or rerouted to insure that the water is not too “old”
have to be ____
AGE AND OPERATION OF FACILITIES, capital funds

needed for rehabilitation and/or replacement of monumental
distribution systems is ____
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, dead ends cause

temperature
increase in____
dead ends cause depletion of ____(2) chlorine, oxygen
dead ends cause growth of ______ bacteria
dead ends cause anerobic ____ conditions
dead ends cause WQ aesthetics to deteriorate with

taste and odor
problems of(2)
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, pipe materials such

as coal-tar lined or pe/pb pipe may ___ leach material into the water.
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, unlined pipe may

tuberculation
experience____
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, where dissimilar

may cause corrosion
metal pipe meet ___
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, during new

construction or when repairs are being made to old
contaminants
mains precautions must be taken to prevent the
entrance of ________ into the water mains.
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, after new

construction or repairs before lines are put back into ushing and disinfection procedures must be followed
service proper____
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, during new

construction or when main is in proximity to hazardous
toxic materials into the water main
materials or facilities precaution must be taken to
prevent the entrance (negative water pressure) of ____.
DEGRADATION IN WATER MAINS, air and vacuum relief

valves must be located and/or operated so that, if they they do not allow contaminated water into the main
become ooded, _____
HYDRANT FLUSHING, ushing water mains is a required

maintenance procedure
____
HYDRANT FLUSHING, ushing water mains needs to be

carefully
done ____
HYDRANT FLUSHING, ushing water mains, high dirty water

velocities will cause____
HYDRANT FLUSHING, a public relations program to

inform the public of the procedures and the proper many complaints.
ushing program (uni-directional) will prevent______
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, uncovered

allowed
potable water reservoirs should not be ____
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, uncovered

air born contaminants, vandalism, sabotage, rodents,
potable water reservoirs, problems that can occur eg (4)
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, inadequate

can give a false sense of security that the storage facility is protected
covers allowing contaminants into the facilities_____
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, vents & regularly, screened so small animals don't enter the facility
caps need to be inspected____ and ______
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, below-

ground reservoirs need to be inspected for______as
these may allow groundwater contaminants to enter, structural cracks on a regular basis
also they must be protected from surface water
entering through any surface level entrance
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, structural

groundwater contaminants to enter
cracks in below-ground reservoirs may allow_______
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, below-

ground reservoirs also must be protected from________ surface water
entering through any surface level entrance
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, proper

cleaning and disinfection of reservoirs is necessary to water quality degradation.
prevent ______
(/) 
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, visual  (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)
twice a month
inspection of reservoirs should be completed_______
WQ DEGREDATION IN STORAGE FACILITIES, proper

vortexing
level controls are required to prevent _______
the introduction into water of microorganisms, chemicals, wastes, etc. in

Contamination: de ne**
concentrations that make the water un t for its next intended use
Name the contaminates that can be found in water,

color, taste, odor, turbidity, temperature
physical**
Name the contaminates that can be found in water,

humic substances, pesticides, herbacides, THMs
chemical**
Name the contaminates that can be found in water, ** pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms
MAC, maximum acceptable concentrations, for health reasons IMAC, interim

Parameters outlined by Health Canada in their maximum acceptable concentrations, for health reasons but for substances
Guidelines for Drinking water are divided into 3 areas.
** for which the concentrations and e ects are less well documented or proven
AO, aesthetic objectives
1. piece of steel or other metal attached to or placed into pipe to measure

Coupons: de ne** corrosiveness of water 2. the round piece of pipe wall that has been cut from
a pipe with a hole saw
a detailed evaluation or inspection of a source of water supply and all

Sanitary survey: ** conveyances, storage, treatment, and distribution facilities to ensure
protection of the water supply from all pollution sources
Air gap: ** an open vertical gap between potable water and nonpotable water
trapping air bubbles in water either mechanically through turbulence, or

Entrain: **
chemically through a reaction
Invert: ** lowest point in a pipe or conduit
Macroscopic :** things we can see, as opposed to microscopic
Slime growths cause cans what problems in a Taste and odor problems, accelerated corrosion, reduced ow due to
distribution system? (4) ** turbulence
Industrial discharge, agricultural runo , pollution from the air, recreational

. Surface water can be degraded by ____ (4 eg)**
use
Quality of water travelling through a distribution Aftergrowth, especially of pathogens and coliform bacteria; corrosion;
system may deteriorate due to what factors? (5) ** tuberculation; deadends; pipe material
Pathogenic organisms which cause disease outbreaks in

giardia, cryptosporidium
water systems include: **
B.O.D: *** Biochemical Oxygen Demand
NTU: ** (/)   (/create) Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, common unit for measuring
Login
turbidity Power (/marketplace/)
entrained air can cause___ ** milky water
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12/20/2017 WWWT 1111 pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 - (Water Distribution Foundations - 3.

(/)   (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)

WWWT 1111 pt2 Water Distribution 3.3 -

180 facts by tneufeld5 (/u/tneufeld5)

Alberta One-Call previously known as___ Alberta First Call

Alberta One-Call as known as_____ Call Before You Dig

call Alberta One-Call ahead by ____ at least 2 business days

for water and sewer lines horizontal separation should 10', or 3 m

storm sewer should be horizontally separated from

beyond just avoiding(/)

excavation, check to see if ground has been____ previously disturbed

spoil should be placed where? between trench and tra c

wood shoring this type is built in place

trench box this is very heavy but strong

pipe laying, depending on the weight of the pipe lower

pipe laying, when leaving the trench for any period of

pipe laying, when joining use___ proper lubrication

pipe laying, when the pipe is pushed together properly

pipe laying, the joint should be checked with a feeler

thrust blocks are commonly made from___ concrete

thrust blocks, concrete should be allowed to set

back lling should be done in____ layers

rst layer of back ll should be to _____ spring line

water quality is a general term used to describe the

in most instances treatment plants produce a high

MAC stands for___ Maximum Acceptable Concentration

IMAC stands for___ Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration

AO stands for___ Aesthetic Objective

MAC, IMAC, and AO are WQ standards published by___ Health Canada

after rst layer of back ll to spring line, additional

Pressure & Leakage Testing, water mains that leak are

Pressure & Leakage Testing, valved sections of pipe

Pressure & Leakage Testing, after lled with water, to

Pressure & Leakage Testing, ushing is performed

Pressure & Leakage Testing, for pressure testing the

Pressure & Leakage Testing, distribution operator

Pressure & Leakage Testing, test is usually how long? 2 hours

Pressure & Leakage Testing, during test operator must

Pressure & Leakage Testing, the water pumped into the

Pressure & Leakage Testing, after passing tests, line

(/)   (/create) Login Power (/marketplace/)

shoring, if cutback should be 2 to 1 ratio. 5' deep, how

Comparing disturbed and undisturbed soil, undisturbed

WQ standards generally relate to either ____ or ______ health or aesthetics

WQ standards are set by____ Health Canada

3 types of contaminants served from a distribution

contaminants, physical examples (5) color, taste, odor, turbidity, temperature,

contaminants, biological examples (2) pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms

microbiological guide lines are required to control the

pathogenic microorganisms, in healthy individuals

pathogenic microorganisms, in infants, elderly, and

microbiological guide lines, since it is not practical or

microbiological guide lines, a major indicator organism coliform bacteria

microbiological guide lines, total coliforms are not

microbiological guide lines, sampling, pop of up to 5,000 4 samples per month

microbiological guide lines, sampling, pop 5,000 to

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters,

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, color <15 TCU AO **

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters,

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters,

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, odor ino ensive, AO

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, pH 6.5 -8.5 AO **

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters, taste ino ensive, AO

guidelines for chemical and physical parameters,

WQ standards generally relate to either or __ health or aesthetics