A

Seminar Report
ON
“NIGHT VISION SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE”
Submitted to

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR

In partial fulfillment of degree of
THIRD YEAR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Mr. Suraj Ramesh Misal (T.E –A66)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. J.G. Shinde

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

KOLHAPUR.
(2017-2018)
 BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
KOLHAPUR.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the Seminar report entitled

“NIGHT VISION SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE”

Is a bonafide work of Mr. Suraj Ramesh Misal. In the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering of the Shivaji University, Kolhapur. He has carried out the work under my
supervision and guidance, during academic year 2017-2018

Prof. J.G.Shinde Prof. V.T.DIDAKE

Guide Coordinator

Prof. S. J. Kadam Dr.V.R.GHORPADE

(Head of Department) Principal
 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Seminar Report entitle “Night Vision System In
Automobile. has been prepared by us under guidance and supervision of guide Prof. J.G.
Shinde at BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOLHAPUR in
partial fulfillment of the degree of “BACHLOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING” is our original work and not directly copied from any source.
We understand that any copying is liable to be punished in a way the institute and
University authorities deem fit.

Date:
Place: Kolhapur

Mr. Suraj Ramesh Misal.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Inspiration and guidance are valuable in every aspects of life especially in the fields of
academics. Which I have received from our respected seminar guide Prof. J.G. Shinde
seminar coordinator Prof. V.T.DIDAKE and the H.O.D Prof. S.J.KADAM. Who have put
their valuable guidance through which I am able to complete my seminar work. I also
thankful to all the faculties of the mechanical engineering department for their continuous
encouragement and help in completion of my seminar.
Last but not least I thank our friends and well wishers to whom I am in liability for the
constant help and encouragement without them this seminar could not have been successful.

Mr. Suraj Ramesh Misal.

Roll No 66 (TE A)
 ABSTRACT
The recent day automotive industries are running towards an endless target in technology
aspects with innovations. Current industry notions, advancements in technology components,
strength, and size, as well as consumer expectations, are about to take quantum leaps forward
into the realm of intelligent vehicles that come equipped with extrasensory perception to
decrease driver response time and assist in all elements associated with the act of driving.
Advances in active safety promise to reduce the most dangerous aspects of driving and
provide protection not only for the occupants in the vehicle but for others on and near the
road. Active safety features enabled by forward-thinking manufacturers include: night vision
system (NVS) that uses infra-red rays and thermal imaging technology that provides high-
resolution visibility in the darkest road conditions to eliminate impact-related injuries.The
NVS illuminates everything by utilizing a series of projection bulbs and cameras, and it picks
up the faintest traces of light or heat from the obstacles and transforms it into a clear picture.
 INDEX

SR.NO. TITLE

1 Introduction.

2 History of Night Vision System.

3 Why infrared.

4 Car with night vision system

5 Thermal Imaging

6 FIR technology in BMW

7 NIR technology in Mercedes Benz

8 Advantages

9 Disadvantage

10 Conclusion

11 Reference
1. Introduction
Unforeseen accidents are nothing new, but the advent of safety products such as
antilock brakes, seatbelts, air bags, and electronic stability control have helped drivers feel
more secure for years. Now, automotive safety features such as infrared imaging, laser
sensors, light-emitting diodes, and semiconductor technology are surpassing human abilities,
enabling drivers to see in the dark, see around corners, and sense hidden threats from behind
and in blind spots.One quarter of all serious traffic accidents take place in the evening or at
night. And about one third of all traffic fatalities are the result of accidents during these
hours.Night vision is the ability to see in a dark environment. Humans have poor night vision
compared to many animals, in part because the human eye lacks a tapetumlucidum. Night
Vision Systems (NVS), a DRS Technologies Company has been selected as the master
distributor for Laser Devices, Inc

2. History of Night Vision System

In 2000, General Motors offered a thermal night-vision system in its Cadillac line of
vehicles. The system was innovative, but it was also expensive and didn't produce very clear
images. Toyota also gave night vision a shot, and even now the automaker continues to offer
an in-dash system in some Lexus models. The Lexus system has its fans, but if it's so
effective, then why hasn't this technology spread to every vehicle on the road? One theory is
that it seems as if the technology just isn't fully ready for automotive applications. Not yet,
anyway. As you can imagine, night-vision technology is expensive and if you use inexpensive
components, the quality simply won't be there.

Two of Germany's automotive stalwarts, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, have taken a damn-the-
torpedoes approach to in-dash night-vision systems. These two auto manufacturers have been
offering night-vision systems in vehicles since 2006. Fittingly, the two automakers, which
have been competing against each other in the luxury market for the better part of 50 years,
offer systems on complete opposite ends of the proverbial spectrum. Each system
accomplishes its goal and each has its benefits and costs.
3. Why infrared?
Active infrared night vision combines infrared illumination of spectral range 0.7–1 μm (just
below the visible spectrum of the human eye) with CCD cameras sensitive to this light. The
resulting scene, which is apparently dark to a human observer, appears as a monochrome
image on a normal display device.

Because active infrared night vision systems can incorporate illuminators that produce high
levels of infrared light, the resulting images are typically higher resolution than other night
vision technologies. Active infrared night vision is now commonly found in commercial,
residential and government security applications, where it enables effective night time
imaging under low light conditions. However, since active infrared light can be detected by
night vision goggles, it is generally not used in tactical military operations.

Infrared cameras see more than the naked eye and can make road traffic safer. Cameras for
the long-wave infrared range, however, have the disadvantage that the sensor requires
constant cooling, which adds to the cost and complexity of the device. Now a new type of
detector has been developed which functions at room temperature

4. Car with night vision system

5. Thermal Imaging
Thermal imaging is a heat-sensing technology that can see in complete darkness. All objects
emit infrared energy, but it cannot be seen by the human eye without the use of technology.
Infrared is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths that are longer than
visible light. The warmer an object, the more energy it emits. Infrared energy emitted by a
viewed scene is focused through the specialized objective lens assembly of an infrared
camera on to the camera’s focal plane array (FPA). The FPA uses materials that respond by
generating electrical impulses when infrared energy strikes it. These electrical impulses are
then sent in the form of temperature values to an image signal processor that turns them into
video data for presentation on a display. Thermal imaging is ideal for night time applications
and can immediately detect suspicious activity or targets in complete darkness with no
illumination required. Thermal technology can see through dust and smoke and can greatly
enhance visibility through fog and rain. Typical applications for thermal include covert
tactical operations, surveillance, and reconnaissance, search and rescue and perimeter
security to name a few.

6. FIR technology in BMW

BMW's passive system uses far-IR or FIR technology in its onboard night-vision systems.
Unlike night-vision optics used for military applications, BMW's system registers images
based on body heat and produces images that resemble a photo negative. While that works
well for deciphering between animals and people, it doesn't do much for revealing a dead
animal in the middle of the road or perhaps a large rock or a fallen tree. BMW's infrared
system uses complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based sensors on the front
of the car that pick up heat from
7. NIR technology in Mercedes Benz
Mercedes-Benz uses an active system or near-IR system that illuminates the night with
projected infrared light, much like optics found in military-issue night-vision goggles. The
Mercedes system uses NIR technology and produces an even, clear picture in the dark. The
NIR system in the Mercedes illuminates everything as if it were in the high beams of the
vehicle. By utilizing a series of projection bulbs and cameras, the Mercedes' active night-
vision system picks up the faintest traces of light and transforms it into a clear picture. The
advantage is that the Mercedes system can see warmer living things just as clear as it can spot
colder, dead animals or non-living objects.
The drawback to the Mercedes system is its range: The system has a maximum effective
range of less than 600 feet (183 meters). Another drawback is the Mercedes' NIR system
doesn't handle fog well, while the BMW's FIR system can see through the dense conditions.
Mercedes monitor is located behind the steering wheel, directly in the driver's line of sight to
the road, and the image quality is also crisper on the NIR system.

8. Advantages
 Accidents are controlled.

 Doesn’t affect the existing driving style.

 Night vision system can be switched on and off.

 The range of vision is more than enough for the fast driving.

9. Disadvantage
 Cost of implementing this system’s high.

 NIR system doesn’t handle fog well, cannot see through the dense condition.
10. Conclusion
Auto accidents still rank as the leading cause of death for all people between the ages of
2through 34, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's 2006 Traffic
Safety Facts report. So the automakers turned their view towards safety, which lead to
information of technologies like night vision system. About 42% of fatal can accidents
happen at night, according to the European commission for the automobile industry. This
figure is extremely worrying bearing in mind that there is about 60% less traffic during the
night. Thus the innovation and implementation of night vision system has a great impact on
automotive session such as saving many lives from death reducing accident at night and has
given comfort to the drivers
Reference
 http://en.wikiedia.org/wiki/night-vision.

 http://pda.physorg.com/_news6565.html.

 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070927113215.htm.

 http://electrronics.howstsuffworks.com/gadgets/automotive/in-dash-night-vision-
system.ht.