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Design Examples...
Design Example of Conventional Activated Sludge Process...
An activated sludge system is to be used for secondary treatment of 10,000 m3/day of municipal wastewater. After primary clarification, the BOD is 150 mg/L, and it is
desired to have not more than 5 mg/L of soluble BOD in the effluent. A completely mixed reactor is to be used, and pilot - plant analysis has established the following
kinetic values ;
Y = 0.5 kg / kg
kd = 0.05 1 / day
Assuming an MLSS concentration of 3,000 mg/L and an underflow concentration of 10,000 mg/L from the secondary clarifier, determine ;
Solution...
"Reactor Volume"...
"Excess Solids"...
"Mass Balance"...
Solution...
Data...
Solution...
"Solid Production"...
10. The net mass of VSS in the system at the beginning of 1st day = (0.65)(250 - 7.4 g/m3)(10-3 kg/g)(3,800 m3/day) - (0.05 1/day)(9,481 kg) = 125 kg/day
11. The mass of inert SS added in 1st day = (200 - 150 g/m3)(10-3 kg/g)(3,800 m3/day) = 190 kg/day
12. The mass of SS at the end of 1st day = 12,166 kg/day+125 kg/day / 0.80+190 kg/day = 12,512 kg
Results...
Day BOD (mg/L) Px (kg/day) SSi (kg/day) VSST (kg/day) SST (kg/day)
1 250 125 190 9,590 12,512
2 400 487 190 10,077 13,289
3 400 462 190 10,539 14,055
4 400 439 190 10,978 14,794
5 400 417 190 11,395 15,505
6 250 27 190 11,422 15,728
7 250 26 190 11,448 15,950
Calculate oxygen requirement of a complete - mix activated sludge process treating domestic wastewater having flowrate of 0.25 m3/sec. BOD5 concentration of settled
wastewater is 250 mg/L. The effluent soluble BOD5 is 6.2 mg/L. Increase in the mass of MLVSS is 1,646 kg/day. Assume that the temperature is 20 °C and the
conversion factor, BOD5 / BODL is 0.68.
"Oxygen Requirement"...
The influent concentration of MLSS is 3,000 mg/L, and the flow rate is 8,000 m3/day. Determine the size of the clarifier that will thicken the solids to 10,000 mg/L.
Solution...
1. Calculate the solids flux from the above data : G = MLSS (kg/m3) . Velocity (m/h)
2. Plot solids flux vs. MLSS concentration as shown below. Draw a line from the desired underflow concentration, 10,000 mg/L, tangent to the curve and intersecting the
ordinate. The value of G at the intersection, 2.4 kg/m2.h, is the limiting flux rate and governs the thickening function.
"Solid Flux vs MLSS Concentration"...
SQRT[(4/3.14)(416.7 m2)] = 23 m
Result...
Because 275 m2 < 416.7 m2, the thickening function governs the design.
Result
Parameter
Value Unit
Influent parameters
Population equivalent 45,000 pe
Average daily flow 11,500 m3 / day
Average daily flow 133 L/s
Peaking factor 1.80 -
Design flow 863 m3 / hr
Design flow 240 L/s
PWWF 25,000 m3 / day
PWWF 289 L/s
PWWF 1,042 m3 / hr
BOD design load 3,150 kg / day
Aeration tank
F/M 0.05 kg BOD / kg MLSS . day
MLSS concentration 4,000 mg / L
Aeration volume required 15,750 m3
HRT @ avg flow 32.9 hr
HRT @ design flow 18.3 hr
Approximate tank size
Depth 4.0 m
Width 35.0 m
Length 112.5 m
Secondary clarifier
SVI 150 g / mL
Sludge volume load 0.06 m3 / m2 . day
Surface area required 8,625 m2
Overflow rate 0.10 m3 / m2 . hr
Diameter 104.8 m
Average depth 3.5 m
Volume 30,188 m3
HRT @ average flow 6.3 hr
HRT @ design flow 3.5 hr
Sludge handling
Sludge production rate 0.95 kg TS / kg BOD
Sludge production 2,993 kg TS / day
Days storage in aeration tank 2.6 by incr. MLSS by 0.5 kg / m3 . day
Days storage in aeration tank 5.3 by incr. MLSS by 1.0 kg / m3 . day
Volume @ 0.8 % 374 m3 / day
HRT thickener 18.0 day
Volume thickener 6,733 m3
Height 4.0 m
Diameter 46.3 m
HRT @ 2 % 45 hr
Volume @ 3 % 99.8 m3 / day
HRT 67 day
Dewatering capacity 15.0
m3 / hr
Dewatering duration 46.6 hr / week
Dewatering volume @ 18 % 16.6 m3