Biol 2420 Lecture 20

Filtration is Passive - requires a force to drive it

3 forces:

1. Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure - filtration ~55

2. Net Plasma Colloid-Osmotic Pressure - NFiltration ~30

3. Bowmann's Capsule Hydrostatic Pressure - NFiltration ~15

the net result is ~10 in favour of FILTRATION WOOOO - this is the GFR

Rate determined by:

surface area

hydraulic permeability

net filtration pressure

FR = Kf x NFP

NFP = (Pgc- Pifc) - (Pbc - Pibc) (we can ignore the last one under normal circumstances)

GFR = Kf x (Pgc - Pbc - Pigc)

Kf ups the glomerular surface area (ups gfr)

Pgc ups the renal arterial pressure, downs afferent resistance, ups the efferent resistance (ups gfr)

Pbc ups the intratubular pressure (downs gfr)

Pigc ups the plasma oncotic pressure, downs the renal plasma flow (downs gfr)

Despite changes in MAP, GFR is generally maintained within fairly narrow limits

Regulation of GFR
A. Intrinsic (Autoregulation)

I. the Myogenic Response

lowering the afferent arteriole pressure - dilation

(up flow, up gfr)

II. Tubuloglomerular Feedback

regulated by maculadensa cells

MD cells sense the solution for Na levels by shrinking or swelling. They send signals to
granular cells and extraglomerular mesengial cells (second messanger system) sends info back to
glomerular cells

high Na = constrict SM in AFFERENT ARTERIOLE = lowering NFP and GFR

compensates for changes in MAP

B. Extrinsic Control

mediated by the sympathetic nervous system on afferent arterioles to changes in Blood

Pressure

e.g. baroreceptor reflex ups sympa

afferent vasoconstriction

OVERRIDES AUTOREGULATORY RESPONSE

sympa causes podocyte feet to contract

closes filtration slits

Measurement of Renal Function

Key parameters used: UFR in mL/Kg*n

GFR

Plasma Renal Clearance - vol plasma/ unit time from which all of a substance is removed
Plasma concentration = 1mg/dL

Rate 0.5mg.min

clearance rate - 50mL/min

**must pick a substance that is ONLY EVER FILTERED (not reabsorbed)

usually use inulin

GFR = UFR x Uin/Pin

if urine over plasma = large amounts of water reabsorption

to calculate % of filtered reabsorped vol of H2o

1 - (1/UPin) x 100%

Osmolar Clearance

rate at which osmotically active substances are cleared from the plasma.

Cosm = Vosm/Posm x UFR

if V = P then C = UFR

if V < P then C < UFR

additional water is required to make up urine volume - free water clearance

Ch2o = UFR - Cosm

Can a substance have greater clearance than the max GFR?

YES if it is also secreted!

CLearance of PAH (Para-amminohippuric acid) can calculate the renal plasma flow - 625mL/min - 20% of
CardiacOutput

Filtration fraction = GFR/renal plasma flow