Chapter 7 Chemical Quantities

7.2
The Mole

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Collection Terms
A collection term states
a specific number of items.
• 1 dozen donuts
= 12 donuts
• 1 ream of paper
= 500 sheets
• 1 case = 24 cans

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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A Mole of Atoms

A mole (mol) is a collection that contains:

• The same number of particles as there are carbon
atoms in 12.01 g of carbon
• 6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).
1 Mol element Number of Atoms
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol Na = 6.022 x 1023 Na atoms
1 mol Au = 6.022 x 1023 Au atoms

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A Mole of a Compound
A mole
• Of a covalent compound has Avogadro’s number of
molecules
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol H2O = 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules
• Of an ionic compound contains Avogadro’s number of
formula units
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units
1 mol K2SO4 = 6.022 x 1023 K2SO4 formula units

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Samples of One-Mole Quantities

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Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number 6.022 x 1023 can be written as an
equality and two conversion factors.
Equality:
1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 particles

Conversion Factors:

6.022 x 1023 particles and 1 mol

1 mol 6.022 x 1023 particles

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Using Avogadro’s Number

Avogadro’s number is used to convert

Moles of a substance to Particles.

How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mol Cu?

0.50 mol Cu x 6.022 x 1023 Cu atoms

1 mol Cu

= 3.0 x 1023 Cu atoms

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Using Avogadro’s Number

Avogadro’s number is used to convert

Particles of a substance to Moles.
How many moles of CO2 are in
2.50 x 1024 CO2 molecules?

2.50 x 1024 CO2 x 1 mol CO2

6.022 x 1023 CO2

= 4.15 mol CO2

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Learning Check

1. The number of atoms in 2.0 mol Al is

A. 2.0 Al atoms
B. 3.0 x 1023 Al atoms
C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms

2. The number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 atoms S is

A. 1.0 mol S atoms
B. 3.0 mol S atoms
C. 1.1 x 1048 mol S atoms

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Solution

C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms

2.0 mol Al x 6.022 x 1023 Al atoms
1 mol Al

B. 3.0 mol S atoms

1.8 x 1024 S atoms x 1 mol S
6.022 x 1023 S atoms

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Subscripts and Moles

The subscripts in a formula state

• The relationship of atoms in the formula.
• The moles of each element in 1 mol of compound.

Glucose
C6H12O6

In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O

In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O

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Subscripts State Atoms and Moles

9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

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Factors from Subscripts

The subscripts are used to write conversion factors for

moles of each element in 1 mol compound. For aspirin
C9H8O4, the following factors can be written:

9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4
and
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4
9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

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Learning Check

How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?

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Solution

How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?

0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number

= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms

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