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FEMAP Training PDF
FEMAP Training PDF
Danilo Centazzo
Introduction to FEMAP
Agenda
Day 1
Introduction
Meshing
• Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
2
Introduction to FEMAP
Agenda
Day 2
Importing and Meshing Geometry
• Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad Geometry
• Exercise - Mesh Repair
Midsurfacing
• Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and Midplane
3
Introduction to FEMAP
Agenda
Day 3
4
Install, Setup and Customize
FEMAP
Install, Setup, and Customize FEMAP
• New Installation...………………………………………..………..…7
• Updating a Previous Installation………………………………..….8
• Graphics Considerations…………………………………...……….9
• FEMAP Preferences……………………………………….………10
– Program Options - Database and Startup……………….…11
– Program Options - Geometry……………………………..…12
– Program Options - Interfaces, Libraries, and Colors……...13
– User Interface - Messages and Lists, View Settings……...14
– User Interface – Render Graphics………………………..…15
– User Interface - Menus, User Menus, Shortcut Keys..……16
6
New Installation
• Auto run on NT4.0, 95, 98, 2000, and XP
– Administrator Privileges Required for NT,
2000, and XP.
• Network Licensing
– Server / Client
– Requires password file tied to “Host ID”
• Standalone
– Requires a parallel or USB security
device.
– After install of FEMAP, the Sentinel
System Driver (used to access the
security device) will be installed.
– Complete will install both of the parallel
and USB security device drivers.
– Custom will let you select between
parallel and USB
7
Updating a Previous Installation
• Auto run on NT4.0, 95, 98, and 2000
– Administrator Privileges Required for NT
and 2000.
8
Graphics Considerations
9
FEMAP Preferences
• Configure FEMAP for optimum performance and the way you prefer to work.
• File – Preferences.
• Be sure to exit FEMAP and start it again for the new preferences to be applied.
10
Program Options - Database and Startup
• Cache Pages, Blocks/Page and Max Cached Label for improved RAM
management and performance. More information on page 3-17 of the User
Guide.
• Specify Scratch Disks for the location of the temp, scratch, and recovery files
FEMAP writes out. The Windows temp directory is the default.
– The Windows temp directory is an environment variable in Windows that
can be modified by right clicking on My Computer, and selecting
properties.
11
Program Options - Geometry
• Can select between the Parasolid, Acis, and Standard geometry engines to start
with. The Parasolid engine is recommended.
• The scaling of geometry is done internally in FEMAP so that a part of 1.0 on the
desktop will be stored as 0.0254 in the database.
• This scaling will allow you to import and model parts that are outside of the
Parasolid modeling limits (500x500x500). If you import geometry with a different
scale then the internal scale, new or modified geometry will be out of scale with
the imported geometry.
• Load Expansion on Midside Nodes sets the defaults for modification of the
distribution of nodal loads (such as force and moment) on parabolic elements.
To obtain an even distribution of force across a parabolic element, most
programs require a larger portion of the force be assigned to the midside
nodes. You can set the factors Along Edges, On Tri-Face, or On Quad-Face to
represent the amount of the total load on the element which will be applied to
the midside node.
• You will typically want to use the default values above, as well as use the
Midside Node Adjustment Default. If you have further questions on the
distribution required for your solver program, please consult the reference
documentation for your analysis program.
12
Program Options - Interfaces, Libraries
and Colors
13
User Interface - Messages and Lists,
View and Graphics.
14
User Interface – Render Graphics
• Render mode is a high-speed graphics mode that uses the OpenGL graphics
language. The Render Graphics Preferences dialog box lets you control the
Render graphics method used, as well as the level of functionality that you have
while in Render mode
• Hardware Acceleration can be toggled off if the graphics card, or it's drivers, are
causing instability in FEMAP.
15
User Interface – Menus and Toolbars,
User Menus, Shortcut Keys
16
The User interface and the On-
Line Help
The User Interface, and the On-Line Help
• Layout……………………………………….…………….…..19
• FEMAP Main Window……………………….………………20
• Toolbars…………………………………….……………...…21
• Status Bar and Tray………………………..…………….….22
• Graphics Windows…………………………...……….…..…23
• List Window……………………………………..……………24
• Entity Selection Box…………………………………………25
• Right Mouse Button…………………..………………….….26
• Shortcut Keys………………………..…………………….…27
• Online Help…………………………….……………………..28
• Exercise - User Interface………………...………………….28
• Example 3 - Plate With a Hole…….Examples Manual P 3-1
18
Layout
• FEMAP Main Window
– Menu Structure
– View Toolbar
– Command Toolbars
– Tray/Status Bar: Shortcuts, Active Parameters, “Dynamic Query”
• Accessing Commands
– Main Menu
– View Toolbar
– Command Toolbars
– Status Bar
– Right Mouse Button
– Shortcut Keys
• Help System
19
FEMAP Main Window
20
Toolbars
21
Status Bar and Tray
• Tray on Right
– Provides Access to Current Entities
– Property, Load Set, Constraint Set, Group, Output Set
– Change Current Entity or create a new one
22
Graphics Windows
• Multiple Windows available.
23
List Window
24
Entity Selection Box
• The entity selection box is used by commands to build a list of entity IDs
that will be used for the operation.
• The add method allows you to graphically, and through methods, add
entity IDs to the list of Ids.
• The remove method allows you to graphically remove entity IDs from the
list, and is dependant on the order you removed the entities. So if you
were to add the entity ID after removing, it would still be included in the
list.
• The exclude method allows you to exclude entity IDs permanently from the
list.
• Additional methods under the method button will vary depending on the
entity.
25
Right Mouse Button
• Previous Command
– Recalls the last command executed
26
Shortcut Keys
27
On-Line Help
28
Exercise - User Interface
Exercise - User Interface
• Open Fanpost.MOD
30
Exercise - User Interface
31
Exercise - User Interface
32
View and Display Options
View and Display Options
• Model Manipulation……………………………..…………...….…35
• View Select……………………………………...…..………..…….36
• View Options……………………………………….….……..…….37
• View Quick Options…………………………………………..……38
• View Style…………………………………………………….……..39
• Render……………………………………………………………....40
• Exercise - Viewing and Displays…………………....…………....41
34
Model Manipulation
• View - Rotate
– Or Ctrl-R or F8
– Provides standard views (left, right,
isometric)
– Allows precise rotation
– Also allows magnify, zoom and pan
35
View Select
• View - Select
– Or menu bar option, or F5, Ctrl-S.
36
View Options
• View - Options
– F6, or Ctrl-O
• Common uses
– Controlling contour levels
and colors
– Viewing plate thickness and
beam cross-sections
– Toggling entity labels
37
View Quick Options
• Common combinations:
– All Entities Off, Elements On
– Load/Constraints On/Off
38
View Style
• Options on Style
– Wireframe
– Hidden
– Solid
– Rendered Solid
– Enhanced Render
– Mesh Size (On/Off)
• Common Combinations
– Rendered Solid
– Wireframe, Render (off)
– Shrink
39
Render
• OpenGL graphics
– Hardware accelerated, Faster
drawing
• No Post-Processing in Wireframe
mode
• No entity labels
40
Exercise - Viewing and
Displays
Exercise - Viewing and Displays
42
Materials and Properties
Materials and Properties
44
Types of materials supported
• Isotropic
– Properties are constant in all directions (values entered as a
single value).
• Orthotropic
– Direction dependent.
– Define in two planer or three principle directions.
• Anisotropic
– Properties specified as a general 3x3 (2-D) or 6x6 (3-D) elasticity
matrix.
• Hyperelastic
– Materials subject to large deformations
– Input distortional and volumetric deformations or stress/strain
data.
• Other Types
– Unique material types for LS-DYNA, MARC, and
ABAQUS/Explicit.
– User Defined material types for custom program interfaces.
45
Defining Materials
• Model - Material
– By default, the type is Isotropic
– To select different material
model, choose Type which
appears on the top right of every
material definition dialog box,
and then select a different
material type, e.g., Hyperelastic.
– The default Define Material
dialog box changes to the last
selected type after changing the
material type.
46
Other Types of Materials
• LS-DYNA, MARC, and ABAQUS/Explicit Material
types.
47
Defining Properties
• Model - Property
– New model default is Plate, or for
an existing model the default is the
most recent type defined.
– Other types are selected with
Elem/Property Type.
48
Modifying Materials
49
Beam Properties
• Model - Property
50
Exercise - Beam/Plate
Meshing
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• In this example we will read in simplified wireframe geometry of the
following assembly.
• The top plate will be modeled with plate elements, and the
underlying support beams will be modeled with beam elements.
52
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
53
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
54
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
55
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Create the Beam Property
– FEMAP will automatically prompt you for the next
property, to change to a beam property, press the
“Elem/Property Type” button, and change the
Property Type to Beam.
56
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Create the Beam Property
– FEMAP now displays the Beam Element Type Property input
box.
– Instead of entering the beam properties manually, press the
“Shape” button and we will enter the cross-section data
directly.
57
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Specify the characteristics of the beam cross-section
– Fill in the cross-section information.
– Select I-Beam or Wide Flange (W) for the shape.
– H = 2.0, W Top = 1.0, W Bot = 1.0, Thick Top = 0.1, Thick Bot
= 0.1, Thickness = 0.1
58
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Create the Boundary Surfaces that will be meshed with plates.
– Boundary Surfaces are composed of exterior, and optionally,
interior closed connected curves. In our example, we will
create two boundaries, choose Geometry - Boundary Surface
from the FEMAP menu. Select the six curves that make up the
left boundary.
• You can pick in any order, FEMAP will automatically connect the
curves consecutively. Press OK in the Entity Selection Dialog.
• Create another Boundary Surface using the four curves in the right
cell.
59
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• About Mesh Sizing
– The default mesh spacing in a new FEMAP model is 1.0, for
this example, it works fine for most of the part, by using the
tools available under Mesh - Mesh Control, you can customize
the mesh spacing almost infinitely.
60
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Seeing the mesh size
– To visualize the mesh spacing, select View - Options from the
FEMAP menu,
– Select the items shown to turn on the Mesh Size indicators on
curves.
– You will then see that the curves have the default mesh size
on them.
61
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Adjust the mesh size on the arc.
– Select Mesh - Mesh Control - Size Along Curve from the
FEMAP menu.
• Select the Arc.
• Change the Number of Elements to 8. The boundary surfaces are
now ready to mesh.
62
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Constraining the Model
– For this example, we will add
boundary conditions to the
geometry of the model before
meshing. FEMAP will automatically
expand the boundary conditions out
to the nodes when exporting the
analysis model to your solver.
– To fix the edges of this model,
select Model - Constraint - On Curve
from the FEMAP menu, before
creating any constraints, FEMAP
will prompt you to start a new
constraint set. Fill in the box as
shown, and press OK to continue.
– Select the five curves indicated, and
the fill in the Create Constraint on
Geometry Dialog Box as indicated.
63
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Loading the Model
– We will apply a 100 #/in. load on the curved section of the
model.
– Select Model - Load - On Curve from the FEMAP menu.
Just like constraints, FEMAP prompts you start a new
load set, fill in the box as shown.
– Select the arc, and press OK.
– Create a Fore Per Length in the Z direction of 100 lbs/in.
64
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Mesh the surfaces.
– Select Mesh - Geometry - Surface from the FEMAP menu.
Since we are going to mesh all the surfaces in this model (the
two boundary surfaces), use the “Select All” button and then
press OK.
– Change the Property reference to the plate property we
created, by selecting it in the Property drop down menu. Use
the default values for Mesh Control and Smoothing, press OK
to mesh.
65
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Add the support beams.
– Select Mesh - Geometry - Curve from the FEMAP
menu. Select the four curves indicated.
– Select the second property we created.
– FEMAP will now ask for a vector to orient the Y-Axis
of the beam elements, align the beam Y-Axis with
the Global Z-Axis (base: 0,0,0 - tip: 0,0,1).
66
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Modifying the Beam Offset
– We will now offset the beam Neutral Axis ( and Shear Center )
from the vector between the two nodes defining the Beam .
– First, use the Modify - Update Elements - Offsets
– Select METHOD as TYPE, and scroll to type 5 L Beam then press OK
to continue.
– Now check the options for Update End A and Set End B=End A
– Press Ok and continue .
67
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
– Now you must select the vector that will define
the offset of the Beam.
– Type in a vector of Base 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
Tip 0.0, 0.0, -1.05 and press OK.
68
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Visualization
– First we will clean up the display a bit by removing
unnecessary entities.
– Press Ctrl-Q to bring up the FEMAP View Quick Options,
turn all Geometry Off, and then toggle off the nodes. Click
Done.
– Rotate the model using View - Rotate from the menu (Ctrl-R)
or F8, choose a Dimetric View.
69
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Visualization
– Since the beam elements are
drawn as lines, we cannot see
them because they coincide
with the edges of the plate
elements. To see them, we will
shrink all elements.
– On the FEMAP View Toolbar,
select the View Style Icon, next
toggle on the shrink option.
70
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• Final Checks
– Select Tools - Check - Coincident Nodes. When you mesh
different portions of a model at different times, there are
invariable, coincident nodes, sections of your model that
overlap.
– Select All Nodes
– Answer “No” to the
Ok to Specify additional nodes….
– Toggle on the actual Merging of Nodes.
71
Exercise - Beam/Plate Meshing
• At this point, your model is ready to analyze. We will analyze it
with the FEMAP Structural solver.
– Model - Analysis to open the Analysis Manager.
– Click on New to create a new analysis set.
– Give it a title, select FEMAP Structural for the solver, and
click OK to accept the default analysis options.
– Click on Analyze to start the analysis.
• On your own, and using View Select, and View Quick Options,
try to get a display similar to that below.
72
Building Geometry in FEMAP
Building Geometry in FEMAP
74
Wireframe Geometry Creation
Splines
Geometry Menu Lines Arcs Circles
75
Geometry - Curve From Surfaces
• Used to create curves from surfaces or the surfaces of FEMAP solids. Based
on the “Update Surfaces” flag, the new curves can stand alone, or update the
surface used in their creation.
Intersection
Normal Curve
Projection
Vector
Projection
76
Surface Geometry Creation
77
Solid Geometry Creation
78
Solid Geometry Creation Techniques
79
Additional Solid Modeling
80
Meshing
Meshing
82
Mesh Control Menu
83
Mesh Control Continued
84
Mesh Control Continued
85
Geometry Meshing
86
Geometry Hex Meshing
• Semi Automatic Hex Meshing
– FEMAP can automatically hex mesh
solids that are valid mapped meshing
solids.
87
Exercise - Hexahedral versus
Tetrahedral
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• In this example we will explore two different
representations of the same model. One comprised of
Tetrahedral elements, and the other, composed of
Hexahedral. We will begin by applying loads and
constraints to the model. Then meshing the solid with
Tetrahedral elements. The model will be solved using the
FEMAP Structural Solver. Next we will save as a new
model, delete the Tetrahedral mesh, and mesh the part
with Hexahedral elements. Again we will solve the model
in FEMAP structural.
89
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Import the Geometry
– Select File - Import - Geometry and
choose the file Ch16hexmesh.x_t
from the examples subdirectory of
the FEMAP Training folder.
– The defaults will work fine so press
OK.
90
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Create the Geometric Constraints.
– Model - Constraint - Set, and enter
a name. Press OK
– Model - Constraint - On Surface,
and choose the three surfaces on
the inside of the bracket, then press
OK.
– Create a Fixed constraint on the
geometry.
93
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Solving using the Analysis Manager
– Model - Analysis, click on New to
create a new analysis set.
– Enter a title, select 34..FEMAP
Structural for the solver, and
1..Static for the analysis type.
– The default analysis options will be
sufficient for this example, so click
OK to create the analysis set, and
Analyze to finish the analysis.
• Post Processing
Display the contour of the Solid Von
Mises Stress, and the Total
Translation for the deformation
display.
94
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Preparing to Re-Mesh
– First save the model file as
hexmesh.mod. Then turn off the
contour and deformed displays, and
return to rendered solid.
– To delete the mesh, Delete - Model
- Mesh, Select All, press OK.
Select NO so that the properties and
materials you previously created
remain intact.
95
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Slicing the Geometry
– Geometry - Solid - Slice, select
solids 1 and 2, then Press OK.
– You will then be prompted for 3
points to define the cutting plane.
Select points A, B, and C, and Press
OK (you might need to set your snap
to points, right-mouse click, and
select Snap to Point).
– Geometry - Solid - Slice, select
both halves of what was solid 1 for
the previous slice command.
– This time, click on Methods, and
select Global Plane as the cutting
method, the X Y plane as the cutting
plane, and point B in the previous
cutting command as the base for the
XY plane.
– Press OK to slice the solid.
– Check to see that you sliced your
part into the proper sub-solids by
using the command List - Geometry
- Solids to display the entity
selection box. Pass the mouse over
the part, and each solid will highlight,
allowing you to see the separate
solids your part now consists of.
96
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Free Hex Mesh of the Model
– Mesh - Mesh Control - Size on
Solid. Select all solids, and press
OK. The automatic mesh sizing
dialog box will come up, select Hex
Meshing, and enter a Min Elements
on Edge of 2.
– FEMAP will then change the
surfaces of the solids that appear to
be successfully hex-meshable to
translucent blue, and automatically
link the surfaces that connected
solids share. These linked surfaces
are then changed to light blue.
97
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Mapped Hex Mesh of the Model
– As you can see, all but two of the
solids have good hexahedral
elements on them. The free mesh
on these two solids has wedges in
addition to the hexahedral elements.
The mesh will need to be mapped on
them.
– Brick meshing inherently requires
the mesh to be propagated
throughout the solid geometry.
Therefore if the surfaces are mixed-
meshed with triangles and quads,
then the final hex mesh will include
bricks and wedges. The default free
mesher will always use a
combination of triangles and quads
on any surface that is not a simple 4-
sided region. To force FEMAP to
map mesh surfaces that are not 4-
sided, you will use the Mesh-Mesh
Control-Approach on Surface
command.
– First delete the previous hex mesh,
Delete - Model - Mesh, Select All of
the elements, press OK, and Yes to
delete the elements.
98
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• Specifying the Mesh Approach
– Use Mesh - Mesh Control -
Approach on Surface. FEMAP will
ask you to pick the surface you wish
to set an approach on.Choose
surface A. When the Surface
Approach dialog box appears, select
Mapped - Four Corner.
– Since the surface has more than four
corners, you must specify which
corners you want FEMAP to map
between. Choose the four corners
1, 2, 3, and 4 specified for surface A,
and press OK.
– The command will automatically
repeat. Perform the same process
each time with surfaces B, C, and D.
99
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• By applying approaches on surfaces of the model, you can greatly
improve the quality of the mesh.
100
Exercise - Hexahedral versus Tetrahedral
• On Your Own
– Now solve the model using the Analysis Manager, and compare the
Solid Von Mises Stress contour on this hex meshed model with that
obtained from the tet meshed model you analyzed earlier in the
exercise. Perform the following below before analyzing the
model.
– Because slicing of the solids for hex meshing caused the geometry
ID numbers to change, you cannot use the old load and constraint
sets for this model. They reference the old geometry ID numbers,
and the hex elements are associated with the new geometry. You
will need to delete the old load and constraint sets, then, re-create
them with the same load values and constraint configurations (refer
to pages 84 and 85), but referencing the new surfaces.
– You will also need to delete the old Analysis set, and create a new
one. Check that you are using the right load and constraint sets for
your new analysis set by expanding (clicking on the + button) the
Analysis set, then expanding the Master Requests and Conditions,
and finally expanding the Boundary Conditions. The Windows
Explorer-like interface of the Analysis Manager is an intrinsically
easy straightforward way to set up, and modify, the options for your
analysis.
101
Importing and Meshing
Geometry
Importing and Meshing Geometry
Import Formats……………………………………..………..102
Troublesome Geometry……………………………………..103
Exploding and Stitching……………………………………..104
Boundary Surface from Surfaces on a Solid…………...…105
Edge and Feature Supression……………………………...106
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad Geometry……………107
Exercise - Mesh Repair………….....……………………….117
103
Import Formats
• Solids
– Parasolid (.X_T)
– ACIS (.sat)
– STEP (.stp or .step)
• STEP AP 203 Solid Entities, AP 214 Surfaces
• IGES
– Lines, Arcs, Circles, B-Splines and NURBS
– Trimmed and Untrimmed B-Spline and NURBS Surfaces
– IGES Trimmed Surfaces stitched together in FEMAP to form
Solids, highly effective from Pro/E and IDEAS
• DXF
– Lines, Arcs, Circles
• Direct Translators
– Available in FEMAP Enterprise
– CATIA Import, reads CATIA model files and Express files.
– Advanced IGES interface, supports more entity types.
– VDA Import, direct access to VDA files up to v2.0
– IDEAS Import, reads IDI files generated by IDEAS MS8+
– PRO/E Import, reads the PRO/E .PRT file, v16-v20
– Solid Edge Import, direct access to Parasolid geometry in
Solid and Sheet metal part files.
– Unigraphics Import, direct access to v11-v15
104
Troublesome Geometry
• You usually don't know if you have a problem with your geometry
until you try to mesh it. The list window is valuable for
troublshooting the areas of your geometry the mesher is having
trouble with.
105
Exploding and Stitching
106
Boundary Surface from Surfaces on Solid
107
Edge and Feature Supression
108
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing
Bad Geometry
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
Problem Description/Objective:
110
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
111
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
114
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
115
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
116
Exercise - Fixing and Meshing Bad
Geometry
• On Your Own
– Apply a 100 psi pressure on the face
you corrected, and fix all of the
corners.
– Solve the model with FEMAP
Structural solver, and display a
contour of the Solid Von Mises
Stress.
117
Exercise - Mesh Repair
Exercise - Mesh Repair
Problem Description/Objective:
The FEMAP geometry import is very robust. From Parasolid- and
ACIS-based systems -- 100% reliability, and Pro/ENGINEER IGES and
most other IGES, also very good, at least %95. From Catia, STEP and
IGES, imports are good, >90%.
However, in some cases (due to “problem surfaces”) auto meshing
can be difficult. The previous example demonstrated correcting the
geometry to obtain a good mesh. Some times it is quicker to correct a bad
mesh that results from bad geometry, then to fix that bad geometry and
mesh it. FEMAP provides flexible ways to manually “close” bad surface
meshes.
We will Import a FEMAP neutral file that has a flawed mesh. This
mesh has a small hole that isn't obvious from looking at it, but becomes
quite so upon changing to a free edge view.
119
Exercise - Mesh Repair
120
Exercise - Mesh Repair
121
Exercise - Mesh Repair
122
Exercise - Mesh Repair
• Use Model - Element to create triangular
elements by hand in order to close the
hole in the mesh.
• Select Tools - Check - Coincident Nodes.
Select All the nodes. Click OK. Choose
No when asked “OK to Specify Additional
Range of Nodes to Merge”
• Check Merge Coincident Entities and use
the default Maximum Distance to Merge.
Click OK.
• Now the model can be meshed with
tetrahedral elements by using the Mesh -
Geometry - Solids from Elements
command.
123
Midsurfacing
Midsurfacing
• Midsurfacing……………...…………………………………….123
• The Midsurface Commands…………………………………..124
• Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and Midplane…..…….125
125
Geometry Midsurface
• Midsurfacing commands
– Allows user to extract
midsurfaces thus
reducing the complexity
and increasing the
accuracy of the FEM.
126
Geometry Midsurface
• The four commands above the first
separator are used for generation and
trimming of a single midsurface
– Automatic
• Will automatically generate the
Midplanes, trim them to the
solid , and clean up any
surfaces that are determined
not to be part of the model.
127
Exercise - Solid Geometry
Creation and Midplane
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
• Create a rectangle
– Select Geometry - Curve Line -
Rectangle first corner (0,0,0)
second corner (10,5,0)
129
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
130
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
• Create a rectangle on the face to
extrude through the solid.
–Geometry - Curve Line Rectangle
with a first corner of (1,5,4), and a
second corner of (11,5,1).
131
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
• We will repeat the same
process that we previously used
to cut the rectangle through the
solid, only this time it will be to
cut a hole.
–Place the Workplane on
Surface A, at point 1, and with
the axis point at point 2.
132
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
• Create a Boundary Surface from the
Circle, and extrude it through the part,
removing material.
133
Exercise - Solid Geometry Creation and
Midplane
• On your own:
–This bracket will be bolted on the back surface, and will
support a 2000 lb load.
–From the geometry, and what you've learned, build three
models of the same boundary conditions, one with solid
tetrahedral elements, another with hexahedral elements, and
the last, with a midsurface representation.
–For the Boundary Conditions, fix surface A, and apply a
1000lb Force to Surfaces/Curves B and C.
–Solve the models in FEMAP Structural, and compare the
results with each other. Create a Microsoft Word document
that has pictures of all three models with Von Mises Stress
contours. You can place a picture of the FEMAP graphics
window in the Windows clipboard by File - Picture - Copy, then
you can paste that into Word.
134
Loads and Constraints
Loads and Constraints
• Loading Categories……………………………………………….134
• Defining a Load………………………………………………..….135
• Creating Load Sets……………………………………………….136
• Advanced Loading, Functions…………………………………..137
• Advanced Loading, Distributed Loading…...…………………..138
• Dynamics, Nonlinear, and Heat Transfer………………………139
• Exercise - Bearing Load.........................................................140
136
Loading Categories
– Nodal Loads
• Force, Moment, Displacement, Velocity, Temperature, Heat
Generation, Heat flux
– Elemental Loads
• Distributed (Load/Length Across a Line Element)
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Heat Generation (Heat Energy / Unit Volume)
• Heat Flux (Heat Energy /Unit Area)
• Convection
• Radiation
137
Defining a Load
• Body Loads are applied to the entire body
– Often used to simulate gravity or to define default temperatures.
• Element Loads
– Can be distributed , pressure, temperature , heat flux,
convection or radiation.
– Distributed Load allows you to define a Load / length value for
line elements, a Pressure load / area for planer or volumetric
elements.
– Heat flux , Convection, and Radiation loads are applied to
element faces while temperature and Heat Generation loads are
applied to the element itself.
• Nodal Loads
– Can be applied by both Model - Load - Nodal and Model - Load -
Nodal on Face. Model - Load - Nodal on Face allows you to
select a particular element face and faces adjacent to the one
selected.
138
Creating load sets
139
Advanced Loading, Functions
• Function Dependence
– Allows you to create general X vs. Y tables of information.
• Used for time or frequency dependant loads or to attach
nonlinear information to material properties.
140
Advanced Loading, Distributed Loads
• You can make load equations as a function of nodal or element
centroidal location without having previously created a function.
– XEL and XND will give the x coordinate of the element's
centroid, or node's location, respectively.
– The input, !i will cycle through all of the entities you selected in
the entity selection box to apply the load on.
141
Dynamics, Nonlinear and Heat Transfer
142
Constraint Categories
• Nodal Constraints
– Specify specific degrees of
freedom (1-6, X,Y,Z translation and
rotation)
– S
143
Exercise - Bearing Load
Exercise - Bearing Load
• This exercise will create a simple bearing load with a sinusoidal
variation over the inner circular curve. This will demonstrate how to
use an equation for load variation. With smaller equations, it is quicker
to define the equation in the load definition form, then to create a
function, and reference that function in the load.
145
Exercise - Bearing Load
• Open the bearing.mod file in the Training Files directory.
• Create a load set, Model - Load - Set command. Name the set
Bearing.
• Model - Load - On Curve, select the inner arc of the half circle (curve
5).
• Choose Force Per Node as the load type, select Variable as the
method, and change the Coordinate System to 1..Global
Cylindrical.
146
Exercise - Bearing Load
• Press the Advanced button under method to bring up the Advanced
Load Methods dialog box. Choose Equation in the Multiply By
category.
NOTE: The expression !y will normally extract the y coordinates from the
curve, but we had changed to a cylindrical coordinate system, so
it will extract the theta coordinates of the curve.
• Enter 1 in the Value field for FX, when you select a function, or
equation, for the load, the number in the Value field becomes a
scaling factor for that function or equation.
147
Exercise - Bearing Load
• Model - Load - Expand
148
Groups and Layers
Groups and Layers
150
Similarities and Differences
• Layers
– Each entity simply assigned to one and only one layer
– Display any number of layers
– Graphical selection only picks from active layers
– Imported with some CAD geometry
• Groups
– Entities can be simultaneously assigned to as many groups as
you want
– Can define by various rules and relationships - Surfaces by ID,
Nodes on Elements, Elements on Surfaces, Materials on
Elements, Elements by Shape...
– Can define by coordinate, plane or volume clipping
– Can be automatically generated using various commands
– Display only one group at a time
– Graphical selection only picks from active group, but can select
any number of groups from the selection list
151
Layers
152
Defining and Populating Groups
• Group Rules
– Various entity selection commands, either by ID
or using relationships to other entities
– Entities can be added to group using any
combination of selection methods
– Use Exclude if you want to remove permanently
• Group Clipping
– Selects all entities inside/outside clipping region
– Clip first, then rules - not restrict entities selected by rules
153
Adding to Groups
• Group Operations
– Use Automatic Add to add to a group as you model
– Combine groups using Boolean operations
• And (if in Group A and Group B)
• Or (if in Group A or Group B)
• Not (if not in Group A)
– Generate groups
• Based on changes in geometry, materials,
properties, element type
154
Displaying Groups
• Displaying Groups
– Right click in graphics window and
pick Model Data, or choose View
Select and press Model Data
– Choose between the Active Group,
No Group (the entire model), or
Select a specific group from the list
• Post-Processing
– When contouring elemental results,
only
data from active group is used to
compute
nodal average or nodal max/min
155
Visualizing and Documenting
Results
Visualizing and Documenting Results
• View Select.............................................................................154
• Deformed and Contour Data...................................................155
• Contour Options.....................................................................156
• Contour Type..........................................................................157
• Contour Options, Data Conversion.........................................158
• XY Plots..................................................................................159
• Freebody Display....................................................................160
• Basic Menu Commands..........................................................161
• Animation Options..................................................................162
• Detailed Post Processing Options..........................................163
• Detailed Animation Options....................................................164
• Exercise - Post Processing.....................................................165
157
View Select
158
Deformed and Contour Data
159
Contour Options
• Contour Type
Controls whether the contouring will be done with data on the
nodes or elements.
– Nodal , Will average all values at the nodes and does not account
for any discontinuities in material or geometry.
• Other Options
– Choose Double Sided planer contours and the additional vector to
postprocess results on both sides of plates.
160
Contour Type
Node “N”
162
XY Plots
163
Freebody Display
164
Basic Menu Commands
165
Animation Options
166
Detailed Post Processing Options
167
Detailed Animation Options
168
Exercise - Post Processing
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Open the ch9post.mod file from the examples
directory.
170
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Publish in Microsoft Word, 2 Contoured Plots of the Plate Top Von
Mises Stress, one using Average data conversion, and the other
using Max data conversion.
– Display the Solid Von Mises Stress for the Contour, with the
Average type of data conversion, and the Total Translation for the
deformation.
– To place a picture of the plot in the Windows Clipboard, File -
Picture - Copy.
– Open Microsoft Word, and choose Edit - Paste Special, and Paste
it as a Device Independent Bitmap, and deselect Float Over
Text.
– Repeat for the plot using Max corner data conversion.
171
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Post-Processing Options
– View - Options (Cntrl-O), and select the
Post-Processing category.
– Select the Undeformed Model option,
and uncheck Draw Entity. Only the
Deformation model will be shown.
– Now select the Tools and View Style
category.
– Select Filled Edges, and deselect Draw
Entity.
– Turn the Filled Edges back on, and
select View - Advanced Post - Dynamic
Isosurface, and dynamically view the
regions of constant stress.
– Do the same with the Dynamic Cutting
Plane, View - Advanced Post - Dynamic
Cutting Plane, to see a dynamically
contoured plane cut.
172
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Now open the model Ch3post.mod from the examples directory.
• This plots all the element centroidal values vs. X position -- not useful,
we will create a new vector of nodal stresses, based on the VonMises
Stresses.
– First we will set the following output set, and vector, to be the active
ones for the model, Model Output Set choose Set 1, Model Output
Vector, choose 7033, Plate Top VonMises Stress.
– Model Output Convert, then Yes, Yes, and a new vector will be
created with nodal data, that is based on the active vector (in this case
Plate Top VonMises Stress, which is an element centroid-based vector)
173
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Make a Group of the Nodes on the Top Curve to Reduce the Amount of
Data Being Plotted.
– Change back to a model view, and define a group of nodes at the top of
the plate by Group - Set, name the group “top nodes”. Then Group -
Nodes - Nodes on Curve - pick the top curve.
• Now Plot the New Vector, With Only the Group of Top Nodes Being
Used For the Plot.
– View - Select, select XY vs. Position, then click on XY Data.
– For the Group, select top nodes.
– Under Output Vector, Select 300000 Avg Converted Vector 7033 this
is the vector that was created by the Convert command.
174
Exercise - Post-Processing
• Change back to a model view, and reselect entire model
– View - Select , choose Quick Hidden Line; Set Render,
Solid
– Right click Quick Access Menu Model Data, choose Group,
None
176
Solving Using the Analysis Manager