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Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors: Perpetuating Factors: Risk Factors

- Social isolation, preoccupation with work, overachieving behavior, genetics, and migration are listed as predisposing factors for developing schizophrenia. Precipitating factors include a need for companionship, social competition, stress related to work, and an inability to meet needs based on Maslow's hierarchy. Perpetuating factors include continued social isolation and risk factors are being male aged 15-25 or female aged 25-35. - The neurotransmission hypothesis suggests that fluctuations in GABA, glutamate, and dopamine levels impact the nucleus accumbens and can lead to hallucinations and delusions. The psychosocial hypothesis draws from Maslow's hierarchy of needs and psychodynamic approaches in explaining how

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Rein Tamayo
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166 views3 pages

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors: Perpetuating Factors: Risk Factors

- Social isolation, preoccupation with work, overachieving behavior, genetics, and migration are listed as predisposing factors for developing schizophrenia. Precipitating factors include a need for companionship, social competition, stress related to work, and an inability to meet needs based on Maslow's hierarchy. Perpetuating factors include continued social isolation and risk factors are being male aged 15-25 or female aged 25-35. - The neurotransmission hypothesis suggests that fluctuations in GABA, glutamate, and dopamine levels impact the nucleus accumbens and can lead to hallucinations and delusions. The psychosocial hypothesis draws from Maslow's hierarchy of needs and psychodynamic approaches in explaining how

Uploaded by

Rein Tamayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors: Perpetuating factors: Risk factors:

- Social Isolation - Need for companionship - Social Isolation - Male


- Preoccupation to work - Social competition - Age: 15-25 (Male)
- Overachieving behavior - Stress related to work 25-35 (Female)
- Genetics - Unable to meet needs (based
on Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs)
- Migration

Neuro transmitter hypothesis: Psychosocial Hypothesis:


 Abraham maslow’s Hierarchy of needs +
 GABA/Glutamate/Dopamine:
Psychodanamic approach (Kolb and Brodie, ):
↓ GABA secretion

Prolonged social isolation Migration to a new university ↑Desire for social achievement
and acknowledgment
Inability of GABA to carry out inhibitory signals

↑ Difficulty to meet
Fluctuation of Dopamine levels Deprivation of love and Esteem needs
belongingness need

Maladaptive coping Getting rejected for the


placement ↑Stress related to work
↑ Dopamine levels Hallucinations
↓ Esteem ↑ Work Hours
Affects Nucleus Accumbens

Maladaptive coping
Food deprivation
- Hallucinations (Physiologic Need) +Need
Hallucinations for companionship
- Delusions

Maladaptive coping

Hallucinations

GENETIC THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: ABRAHAM MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS:

In the largest study of twins in schizophrenia research to date, Every person has the desire to move up the hierarchy
researchers at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, toward a level of self-actualization. Unfortunately,
estimate that as much as 79% of schizophrenia risk may be progress is often disrupted by a failure to meet lower level
explained by genetic factors. The estimate indicates that needs. Therefore, not everyone will move through the
genetics have a substantial influence on risk for the disorder. hierarchy in a uni-directional manner but may move back
and forth between the differerent types of needs.
The estimated 79% heritability of schizophrenia is congruent
with previous reports and indicates a substantial genetic risk. Not being able to move up the hierarchy indicates stress
The high genetic risk also applies to a broader phenotype of on the person’s wellbeing. In the case of John Nash, There
schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The low concordance rate are multiple times that his needs are not met which
of 33% in monozygotic twins demonstrates that illness resulted to him maladaptively coping to the stress which
vulnerability is not solely indicated by genetic factors. led to his delusions and hallucinations.
Need for even higher acknowledgment
even after

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