Introduction: Energy

Management in Building (2)

 Recent efforts to meet the challenge
• Design & development of energy efficient
buildings
– Reduced embodied energy of the building
– Designing concepts & advanced materials to
lower the operating energy
• Aiming for carbon neutral buildings
– High performance buildings (low energy or
zero energy)
– Energy positive buildings
• Green buildings
– Less resource intensive
– Least impact on the environment
– Improved quality, comfort & health of the
inhabitants
 Concepts, technologies and products
• To reduce the need for energy services
• Optimized design
– Site planning, shape, Orientation, Fenestration & shading, Natural
ventilation, Passive cooling, etc.
• Better implementation
– Choice of material & technology, optimized insulation of walls & roofs,
high performance glazing, artificial lighting & cooling solutions
• To satisfy the needs with more efficient solutions
• Improved end use energy efficiency
– Better artificial lighting & control
– Better artificial cooling & control
– Provision of energy services through alternative means & strategies
 Challenges of energy efficient
buildings
• Overcome the general perception of energy
efficient building being more expensive
– More emphasis on adopting the right
building science and less dependence on
high cost building technologies
– Better understand the science of how
buildings work and avoid high
technological sophistication
• The main challenge: to do more with less
Energy Use in Commercial Building
Energy Star Buildings
Challenges of low-energy buildings
 Designing energy efficient buildings
• Overall objective: lower energy
consumption and life-cycle costs
– Start with building fabrics to lower
energy demand (life span: 50-100
years)
– Then look for devices to generate
energy from renewables (life span: 10--
‐20 years)
• More capital needed for oversized
renewable energy systems for a poorly
Designed building
 Building fabric versus renewable
energy

• Buildings have a long life as compared with appliances and renewable

energy technologies
• Emphasize first on investing on building fabrics to reduce the energy
demand and then invest in renewable energy
 Designing energy efficient buildings
• Examples: Option for a lighting in work space
 Designing energy efficient buildings
• Example of application in cold climates
– Very little energy demand for an airtight
and super insulated building; money
required on energy supply technologies
used to cover the additional cost of
improving building fabric quality
– Money saved by using hygroscopic
materials to handle the indoor air
humidity than mechanical ventilation
(fans, ducts, grilles, and filters)
Cooling needs of Asia
Designed practices in tropical climates
Benefits of bioclimatic design
 Parameters of thermal comfort
• Influencing parameters
• Air temperature
• Air humidity
• Air velocity
• Radiant temperature
• Human activity & attire
 Bioclimatic architecture
• Integrate design, climate and human comfort
– Understand the physiological needs for
human comfort
– Take advantages of local climatic factors
• Bioclimatic design features (for warm climate)
– Reduce heat gains through building
envelope
– Improve building’s capacity to reduce
need for cooling by passive means
– Improve building’s capacity to reduce
need for artificial lighting
 Building configuration in the tropics
(I)
• Solar protection
– Low perimeter to area ratio to minimize heat gains
– Elongated along an east-west axis for solar protection
– Main windows facing north and south, with suitable artificial shading
devices
– Use of vegetation and landscape to provide natural shading/ screening
from solar radiation
– Provision of air movement/ventilation below the roof
 Building configuration in the tropics
(II)
• Wind orientation
– House orientation perpendicular to the
prevailing wind to take advantage of wind
pressure effect
– Provision of opening to favour cross-
ventilation
 Building configuration in the tropics
(III)
• Layout
– Bedrooms on eastern side which is hot in the morning
– Buffer zones such as storage, stairways,garage on western side of the
house
– Frequently used rooms on the northern side which is shaded during
longer months
– Shaded courtyard or verandah or balcony on the southern side that
receives sun most of the year
 Building configuration in the tropics
(III)
• Daylighting
– Light the interior with natural light while avoiding solar gains
– Restrict the diffuse sunlight to avoid glare
– Use white ceiling to diffuse reflected light in the interior
 Building configuration in the tropics
(IV)
• Walls
– Materials of low thermal transmittance and thermal storage capacity
to prevent heat penetration into the building
– Exterior surface light in colour to reflect the solar radiation
• Roof
– Roof with highly reflective top surface layer or terrace garden
– Good performance with well ventilated attic-ceiling and adequate
insulation
• Windows
– Well-shaded windows to reduce internal gain & avoid the need for
special glazing (reflective, glare control, selective coating)
 Diskusi Kelompok
• Buatlah desain rumah hemat energi jika diberi
lahan 10x8 m di daerah perkotaan
• Jelaskan orientasi bangunan, layout,material
rumah, dan peralatan elektronik.
• Berapa penggunaan energi listriknya per
bulan?