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Passive design is design that takes advantage of the climate to maintain a comfortable
indoor climate in the home. Passive design reduces or eliminates the need for
auxiliary heating or cooling
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Passive design issues
• Major principles
• Passive heating
• Passive cooling
• Hybrid system
• Day lighting
• Renewable in building
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Passive design means
No auxiliary equipment are required to make the system to
function
Factors
• Orientation
• Fenestration (the arrangement of windows)
• Shading
• Envelop
• Day lighting
• Thermal mass
• Renewable adaptation
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Six major principles
1. Orientation
2. Glazing
3. Thermal mass
4. Insulation
5. Ventilation
6. Zoning
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Passive
cooling
1) Reducing cooling load
2) Using passive techniques
3) Improving efficiency of cooling equipment and thermal
distribution systems.
Reducing cooling
• Orientation of building loads
• Clustering buildings to provide self shading
• High-reflectivity building materials
• Increasing insulation
• Glazing on windows with a low solar heat gain
and a high daylight transmission
• Avoiding excessive window area
• Utilizing thermal mass
Housing
materials
Comparatively higher U values
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Zero-energy dwellings
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Zero-energy building characteristics
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Zero-energy house
using PV system
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Some smart solutions to make a zero-energy building
1.Decrease the energy requirements for space heating, cooling, and water
heating:
• Orient the home with smaller walls facing west and include
overhangs and
porches
• Increase foundation, wall, and ceiling insulation
• Use low U-value, low-E windows in all climates and low solar heat
gain (low
SHGC) windows in cooling climates
• Seal all holes, cracks, and penetrations through the floor, walls, and ceiling to
unconditioned spaces
• Install adequate ventilation, especially from kitchens and baths
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2. Increase the efficiency of the furnace (or heat pump), and the air-
conditioner:
• Buy as high-efficiency equipment as affordable for the climate
• Design the supply and return duct system appropriately and seal tightly
using approved tapes or mastic
• Where climate-appropriate consider alternative cooling systems such
as
ventilation only or evaporative coolers
• Heat pump
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3. Install a solar hot water preheat system, an efficient backup water heater, and
an efficient distribution system:
• Consider a parallel, small diameter piping system for the hot water outlets
• Install low-flow fixtures
• Choose water heating equipment with a high energy factor
• Evaluate solar systems
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4. Install efficient lighting fixtures:
• Consider permanent fluorescent fixtures in as many locations as
possible
• Look for the ENERGY STAR compliance
5. Install efficient appliances:
• Include the refrigerator, dishwasher, and laundry appliances
• Look for the ENERGY STAR compliance
• Compare appliance efficiencies
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6. Install a properly sized photovoltaic system
7. Turn off lights, computers, and appliances when not in use
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Discuss with peer give your
opinion
1. The concept-passive design
2. What do you understand by zero-energy building?
3. Give some simple solutions to make a zero-energy building?
4. Give some advantages and disadvantages of a nZEB?
5. How could encourage the homeowners to get a zero-energy house?
6. What are the characteristics of a zero-energy building?
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