Passive heating :

-refers to technologies or design features used

to heat buildings without power
consumption.
-building design attempts to integrate the
principles of physics into building exterior
envelope to:
*speed up heat transfer into a building
Aperture- the large glass area, usually a window, through
which sunlight enters the building. Typically, the aperture
faces within 30 degrees of true south and should avoid being
shaded by other buildings or trees between 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
each day during the heating session
Absorber- a hard, darkened surface of the storage
element, is the second element of the design. The surface
sits in the direct path of the sunlight, which hits the surface
and is absorbed as heat
Thermal mass-the materials that retain or store the heat
produced by the sunlight. Unlike the absorber, which is in the
direct path of the sunlight, the thermal mass is the material
below or behind the absorber’s surface
Distribution- the method by which solar heat
circulates from the collection and storage
points to the different areas of the house
Control- During the summer months, roof
overhangs are used to shad the aperture.
Other elements can be used to control the
under- and/or overheating include electronic
sensing devices, operable vents and dampers,
low-emissivity blinds, and awnings.
Direct Solar
Gain Direct gain is the heat from
the sun being collected and
contained in an occupied
space. Direct solar gain is
important for any site that
needs heating, because it is
the simplest and least costly
way of passively heating a
building with the
sun.

Avoiding direct solar gain

is also important in hot
Massing and orientation are
important design factors to
consider for passive
heating. Consider these
factors early in the design
so that the surface areas
exposed to sun at different
times of day, building
dimensions, and building
orientation can all be
optimized for passive
comfort.
 Thermal mass is a
material's resistance to
change in
temperature. Objects
with high thermal
mass absorb and
retain
heat. Thermal mass
is crucial to good
passive solar heating
design, especially in
locations that have
large swings of
temperature from day
to night.
A Trombe wall is a
system for indirect solar
heat gain that is a good
example of thermal mass,
solar gain, and glazing
properties used together
to achieve human
comfort goals
passively. It consists of
a dark colored wall of
high thermal mass facing
the sun, with glazing
spaced in front to leave a
small air space.
Windows and other
apertures bring in heat
from sunshine, but
can also lose heat by
radiant cooling and by
conducting heat better
than most wall or roof
constructions.
Apertur es and
shading must be
intelligently placed to
take advantage of the
sun's heat in cold
locations and seasons,
Shades can keep
the heat and
glare of direct
sun from coming
through
windows. They
can also keep
direct sunlight
off of walls or
roofs, to reduce
cooling loads.