Primitive groove – forms the primitive streak 40-45 hours - Form the outer layer form the inner of the Divisions of the brain are visible: blastoderm - Forebrain Neural plate - Midbrain - Thickening in the epiderm - Hindbrain - To form folding the neural fold to form the Lateral portion is the heart neural tube Neural tube and the regressing primitive streak Neural tube As the organs develop, the primitive streak will start - Very important in the divisions of the brain: the to regress. midbrain and the forebrain and the hind brain - Become smaller and smaller in the posterior - Migration of cells in the anterior and in the portion. lateral 48 hour - Development into the mesoderm Designation of the anterior and posterior - From the axial to the lateral mesoderm Presence of the divisions of the brain Blastoderm - Process of neurolation Prominent is the optic vesicle - Followed by the caudal formation Presence of the auditory vesicle Somites Different extraembryonic membrane 72 hour Amniotic cavity Presence of allantochorion in the mesodermal layer - Where the embryo is contained - Serves as a respiratory organ for exchange of Amniotic fluid gases - Where the embryo is supended - Also an excretory structure – in order for the Chorion embryo to discharge its waste - Outermost 96 hour - Next is the chorionic cavity Primitive streak Most of the cavity are protective in nature Development of the head process Before the foreign material/bacteria will reach Neurolation that will happen and the formation of the developing embryo they have to pass the endodermal structures chorion and the amnion Caudal plexus where it bends and caudal flexion Allantois Yolk sac - Extraembryonic membrane not only present in - Connecting in the gut of the developing embryo human but also in reptiles, birds and other - Connected by a narrow bridge mammals - They arise as a pouch or a sac in the radial Mammalian cleavage - In birds and reptiles it will expand to 2 other Type of cleavage is holobalstic membranes – the amnion and the chorion Isolecithal – complete cleavage - Temporary respiratory organ Cleavage pattern: rotational - The cavities are for fetal excretion Two groups of cells present: - Will be differentiated in the albumen where it - Inner cell mass – give rise to the embryo has blood vessels - Trophoblast – outer region of the cells from the - Covered by blood vessels zona pellucida - Transparent o Important in the implantation in the 33-hour chick embryo uterus Evident parts o Used to attach itself in the - Initial implantation of the blastocyst endometrium of the uterus o Involved in placenta formation Inner cell mass o Placenta formation is for the maternal - Will be the one to be attach in the and the fetal endometrium Placental Hypoblast cells For the exchange of materials: - Will line in the embryonic membrane o Mother for nourishment of the embryo o Fetus for the excretory waste products Delamination - Cavity is the blatocoel - Will form the lower hypoblast and the inner Secondary oocyte stage epiblast. - Was expelled during ovulation Trophoblast - Undergo fertilization - Divide into - During fertilization is the onset of continuation - cynotrophoblast – anchor the embryo in the of the last part of meiotic division endometrium - Will now become the mature ovum - syncytiotrophoblast – cause the progression of - Cleavage will happen from the zygote the embryo into the cleavage - Morula to blastocyst - Invasive tissue – it will digest it way to the - As the egg/ovum traverses there is fertilization endometrium and embed it way in the - There is fingerlike structures in the fallopian endometrium tube to catch the egg during ovulation 9-11 days Ampulla of the fallopian tube - There is complete engulfment of the blastocyst - Where fertilization occurs - There is formation of amniotic ectoderm cavity - There is cleavage happening in the fallopian and the embryonic epiblast tube - Epiblast is one of the layers of the ectoderm Uterus that will give rise to the organs of the embryo - Inner lining is the endometrium Syncytiotrophoblast - Very important part is the medometrium - Will find the trophblastic lamellae – maternal - Fundus – body – where implantation occurs secretion of the blood in the developing - Cervix balstocyst - When there is a presence of the inner cell mass o Will give nourishment due to the and the trophoblast is the time that it will absence of the umbilical cord implant itself in the endometrium - When the entire blastocyst is engulf there will - Blastocyst: embryonic pole be a coagulation defect – in order to seal the o Opposite pole is the abembyonic pole area. o Attachment is via the embryonic pole in Primitive yolk sac the inner cell mass - Primitive because unlike the birds and the reptiles, we are not dependent in the yolk Implantation will not be superficial, it has to embed - Nourishment in human will be maternal itself. - It has to invade the endometrium Delamination and migration of cells Zona pellucida - Form the mesoderm and the endoderm - Will not allow the fusion of any other cell but only with the sperm cell Human gastrulation Mouse blastocyst - Structure of the embryo - With vitelline lining -