Chapter 42 Sample Questions and Answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Tapeworms are in class Cestoda, which is one type of flatworm. The tapeworm lacks a gastrovascular cavity and a circulatory system, yet it manages to survive very well in the host's intestinal tract. Which response best applies? A) Peristaltic movements in the host's intestinal tract replace the need for a gastrovascular cavity in the worm. B) Peristaltic movements in the host's intestinal tract replace the need for a circulatory system in the worm. C) Since the nutrients are being predigested by enzymes present in the host's intestinal tract, there is no need for a gastrovascular cavity. D) The diffusion of nutrients is not a limiting factor to survival. E) Parasites do not need a gastrovascular cavity. 2) Which is a correct statement concerning the insect circulatory system? A) There is no blood, or circulating fluid. B) Circulating fluid bathes tissues directly. C) Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues. D) There is no heart, or pump. E) Blood is always contained in a system of tubes called tracheae. 3) Organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have A) a closed circulatory system. B) an open circulatory system. C) a gastrovascular cavity. D) gills. E) hemolymph. 4) Which of the following blood components would interfere with the functioning of an open circulatory system but not a closed one? A) antibodies B) water C) red blood cells D) amino acids E) electrolytes 5) If the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of the lungs were to increase significantly, it would be expected that A) you could not make a prediction based on this information. B) the amount of carbon dioxide entering the lungs from the blood would increase. C) the pressure would cause the capillary beds to burst. D) the amount of oxygen entering the circulation from the lungs would decrease. E) the amount of oxygen entering the circulation from the lungs would increase. 6) Three-chambered hearts generally consist of which of the following numbers of atria and ventricles? A) three atria; no ventricles B) two atria; one ventricle C) one atrium; one ventricle D) one atrium; two ventricles E) no atria; three ventricles

7) In which animal does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body? A) frog B) annelid C) mollusk D) fish E) insect 8) Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart? A) mammals B) birds C) amphibians D) fishes E) reptiles 9) To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need A) a four-chambered heart. B) an open circulatory system. C) a two-chambered heart. D) a hemocoel. E) a lymphatic system. 10) A red blood cell is in an artery in the left arm of a human. How many capillary beds must this cell pass through before it is returned to the left ventricle of the heart? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five 11) Through how many capillary beds must a red blood cell of a human travel if it takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five 12) Which of the following sequences does not indicate a direct pathway that blood might follow in mammalian circulation? A) right ventricle rightarrow pulmonary artery B) left ventricle rightarrow aorta C) pulmonary vein rightarrow left atrium D) right ventricle rightarrow pulmonary vein E) vena cava rightarrow right atrium 13) The sinoatrial node in humans A) is found in the lymphatic system. B) delays transmission in the cardiac conduction system after the pacemaker has fired. C) is the heart's pacemaker. D) monitors blood pressure in the aorta. E) is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. 14) If the atrioventricular node could be surgically removed from the heart without disrupting signal transmission to the Purkinje fibers, what would be the effect? A) Atria and ventricles would contract at about the same time. B) Only the atria would contract. C) The heart rate would be decreased. D) Only the ventricles would contract. E) No apparent effect on heart activity would be observed.

15) A nonfunctional SA node would A) have no adverse effects on heart contraction. B) cause no effects because hormones will take over regulation of the heart beat. C) cause the heart to stop beating in an autorhythmic fashion. D) result in a block in ventricular contractions. E) have no significant effect on stroke volume. 1) Answer: D 2) Answer: B 3) Answer: A 4) Answer: C 5) Answer: D 6) Answer: B 7) Answer: A 8) Answer: D 9) Answer: A 10) Answer: B 11) Answer: B 12) Answer: D 13) Answer: C 14) Answer: A 15) Answer: E