DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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Quiz
Choose the correct answer by clicking on the correct character:

1. The right ventricle of the heart is formed primarily from which embryonic structure?
a. Primitive ventricle
b. Primitive atrium
c. Bulbus cordis
d. Sinus venosus
e. Don't know

2. The folding of the heart tube takes place during which week of development?
a. 3rd
b. 4th
c. 5th
d. 8th
e. Don't know

3. Which statement is CORRECT about heart tube folding?

a. The bulbus cordis moves inferiorly, posteriorly, and to the embryo's right side
b. The primitive ventricle moves to the embryo's right side
c. The sinus venosus moves superiorly and anteriorly
d. The primitive atrium moves superiorly and posteriorly
e. Don't know
4. The heart starts to beat by day:
a. 19
b. 22
c. 26
d. 28
e. Don't know

5. Which statement is TRUE about the prenatal heart?

a. In the developing fetus, blood is shunted from the left atrium to the right atrium.
b. The fetus has greater pulmonary arterial pressure than the newborn.
c. The interatrial septum forms a solid, fused wall between left and right atrium by 8 weeks of development.
d. The prenatal left atrium is the first heart chamber to receive oxygenated blood.
e. Don't know

6. The septum primum first forms by:

a. The end of the 2nd week of development
b. The end of the 3rd week of development
c. The end of the 4th week of development
d. The end of the 5th week of development
e. Don't know

7. Which statement is TRUE about interatrial septum development?

a. The foramen (ostium) secundum is an opening in the septum secundum.
b. The septum primum is thick and muscular, compared to the thin and membranous septum secundum.
c. The foramen secundum is also known as the foramen ovale.
d. The foramen (ostium) primum disappears when the septum primum and endocardial cushions fuse.
e. Don't know

8. Where is the foramen ovale located?

a. On the posterior-inferior surface of the septum secundum.
b. On the superior surface of the septum primum.
c. On the inferior surface of the septum primum.
d. On the superior aspect of the endocardial cushions.
e. Don't know

9. What is the valve of the foramen ovale?

a. A portion of the septum secundum
b. The superior portion of the fused endocardial cushions
c. The septum primum
d. A thick flap of tissue located in the right atrium that covers the foramen ovale
e. Don't know

10. Which two structures fuse to form a solid interatrial septum?

a. Septum primum and the valve of the foramen ovale
b. Septum primum and the endocardial cushions
c. Septum secundum and the valve of the foramen ovale
d. Septum secundum and the endocardial cushions
e. Don't know

11. When a baby is born and takes its first breath, what changes occur to prevent further blood shunting between
the atria?
a. The components of the interatrial septum fuse immediately after birth
b. Blood in the left atrium pushes the valve of the foramen ovale against the septum secundum, functionally closing
off the foramen ovale.
c. Pressure continues to be greater on the right side of the heart versus the left side, preventing further blood
shunting.
d. All of the above.
e. Don't know

12. Which pathway correctly describes blood flow through the developing heart?
a. Truncus arteriosus -> ventricle -> atrium -> atrioventricular canal
b. Atrium -> ventricle -> atrioventricular canal -> truncus arteriosus
c. Atrium -> atrioventricular canal -> ventricle -> truncus arteriosus
d. Truncus arteriosus -> ventricle -> atrioventricular canal ->atrium
e. Don't know

13. The superior endocardial cushion is also called the ___________ endocardial cushion.
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Dorsal
d. Two of the above
e. Don't know

14. The inferior endocardial cushion also is called the _________ endocardial cushion.
a. Ventral
b. Dorsal
c. Anterior
d. Two of the above
e. Don't know
15. Which statement is TRUE about the atrioventricular canal division?
a. Superior and ventral endocardial cushions fuse to form left and right atrioventricular canals.
b. While the endocardial cushions grow together and fuse, the atrioventricular canal is repositioned to the left of the
heart.
c. In the prenatal heart, blood travels through the right atrioventricular opening only.
d. None of the above
e. Don't know

16. What embryonic structure is partitioned into the aorta and pulmonary trunk?
a. Left atrioventricular opening
b. Truncus Arteriosus
c. Sinoatrial orifice
d. Sinus venosus
e. Don't know

17. When does the muscular interventricular septum begin to form?

a. End of 3rd week of development
b. End of 4th week of development
c. End of 5th week of development
d. End of 8th week of development
e. Don't know

18. Which statement is TRUE about the aorticopulmonary septum?

a. It is formed from two conotruncal ridges that fuse together
b. it eventually closes off the interventricular septum
c. two of the above
d. none of the above
e. Don't know

19. The membranous ventricular septum is formed primarily by the:

a. aorticopulmonary septum
b. fused endocardial cushions
c. tissue extensions from the muscular ventricular septum
d. primitive ventricle
e. Don't know

20. Which statement is CORRECT about the aorta and pulmonary trunk?
a. blood from the right ventricle exits via the aorta
b. oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary trunk which then splits into left and right pulmonary arteries
c. the proximal part of the pulmonary trunk is located anterior to the proximal part of the aorta
d. none of the above are correct
e. Don't know

21. The embryonic aortic arch vessels form some arteries in which of the following areas of the body?
a. Neck
b. Pelvis
c. Lower limb
d. None of the above
e. Don't know

22. The arch of the aorta is formed, in part, from which vessel?
a. Left 3rd aortic arch
b. Right 3rd aortic arch
c. Left 4th aortic arch
d. Right 4th aortic arch
e. Don't know

23. The right subclavian artery is formed from all of the following vessels EXCEPT:
a. Right 4th aortic arch
b. Right 6th aortic arch
c. Right dorsal aorta
d. 7th Segmental artery
e. Don't know

24. The descending thoracic aorta is formed from which structure?

a. Right dorsal aorta
b. Left dorsal aorta
c. Aortic sac
d. Two of the above
e. Don't know

25. Humans do not have a set of _________ aortic arch vessels?

a. 1st
b. 2nd
c. 5th
d. 6th
e. Don't know

26. In the fetus, blood bypasses the liver by traveling through which vessel?
a. hepatic portal vein
b. ductus arteriosus
c. ductus venosus
d. umbilical artery
e. Don't know

27. Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta to the fetus through the:
a. umbilical vein
b. umbilical artery
c. aorta
d. ductus arteriosus
e. Don't know

28. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta first enters the___________ of the heart.
a. left atrium
b. left ventricle
c. right atrium
d. right ventricle
e. Don't know

29. Which embryonic structure is NOT correctly matched with its postnatal derivative?
a. umbilical artery - medial umbilical ligament
b. ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
c. ductus arteriosus - ligamentum teres
d. foramen ovale - fossa ovalis
e. Don't know

30. When a baby is born and takes its first breath, the change in pulmonary pressure causes which embryonic vessel
to constrict?
a. ductus venosus
b. umbilical vein
c. umbilical artery
d. ductus arteriosus
e. Don't know

* This quiz quoted from Human Embryology Animations website.

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