TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
TYPE DESCRIPTION
1. Definition The author provides a direct
(explicit) definition of an
unknown word in the
sentence.
2. Synonym or The author uses a word having
Restatement the same or nearly the same
meaning as another word or
other words in a sentence.
3. Antonym or The author uses another word
Contrast or phrase that means the
opposite of an unfamiliar
word
4. Comparison In comparison clues, the
author uses words and
phrases that have the same or
similar meaning as an
unfamiliar word.
CLUES EXAMPLE
”SIGNAL WORDS”
Is, are ‐ Martha is a curator, a person who is
Is /are called responsible for looking after a museum’s
Is / are known as collection.
Is defined as ‐Entomology is the study of insects.
Means, Refers to ‐ Archeology is the scientific study of prehistoric
cultures by excavation of their remains.
Commas , Semicolon ; Carnivores, that is, meat eaters, are the top of
Dashes - Parenthesis ( the food chain.
) Sometimes signal ‐ My best friend squandered all his money; his
words or, that is, or in drinking and gambling wasted all his earnings.
other words are used. ‐After seeing the picture of the starving children,
we all felt compassion or pity for their suffering.
‐ After a time, glaciers, or slowly moving rivers
of ice, formed over many parts of the Earth.
Words used are: But, ‐Mike’s parrot was loquacious,
however, although, but Maria’s said very little.
otherwise, unless,
instead of, on the
contrary, on the
other hand, while, ‐The gentleman was portly, but his wife was thin.
unlike. ‐While Luis is hardworking, his indolent brother
spends most of the time watching TV or sitting
around with friends.
Words used are: ‐My brother is enthralled by birds similar to the
like, as, similar to, in way that I am fascinated by insects.
the same way, ‐ The stench of the old shoes was like the smell of
likewise, resembling, garbage.
too, also
 TYPE DESCRIPTION
5. Example/ The author provides examples
Explanation or additional explanations or
summaries to help you
understand an unfamiliar
word. The word is cleared up
by giving an example.
6. Cause and The meaning of an unknown
Effect word depends on the
cause/effect relationship with
other words in the text.
7. List or The unfamiliar word is
Series included in a series of related
words that give an idea of the
word’s meaning.
8. Inference The meaning of an unfamiliar
or General word can be inferred
(guessed) from the
Context description of a situation.
The author provides non‐
specific clues, often spread
over the sentence or number
of sentences.
CLUES EXAMPLE
”SIGNAL WORDS”
For example ‐The archeologist found different amulets, such
For instance as a rabbit’s foot and bags of herb.
Including ‐Paula was suspended from school because of
Such as several infractions of the rules, including
Specifically smoking in the bathroom and dressing
To illustrate improperly.
Celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and
stars, are governed by predictable laws.
As a result ‐Since no one came to the first meeting,
Accordingly attendance for the second one is mandatory for
Because, Since all staff.
Consequently ‐ Because the conflagration was aided by wind,
For this reason it was so destructive that every building in the
Hence, if … then area was completely burned to the ground.
Look for a list of ‐North American predators include grizzly bears,
words pumas, wolves, and foxes.
‐The debris in the stadium stands included
numerous paper cups, ticket stubs, sandwich
wrappings, and cigarette butts.
Look for clues over ‐The monkey’s vociferous chatter made me wish
several words or I had earplugs.
sentences ‐ Katie’s belligerence surprised everyone. She
threw her book across the room, glared at Chris,
and then pushed him to the floor.