Curved Bridge Modeling

*Stiffness of sections for Analysis: 6.10.1.5 sounds inconsistent with 4.6.3.3.1

Ref. (AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Spec.)

*Flange Lateral bending moment equation as described by AASHTO is for FLANGE
bending occurring at locations of cross frames and not the beam bending in weak axis,
which is why the section modulus of the flange would be used for stress calc.

Ref. (AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Spec.)

Ref. (AASHTO Guide Spec for Horizontally Curved Bridges 2003.)

Ref. (G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis 4.3.1.1.)

In here it looks that what is meant by the flange lateral bending moment and stress is
actually the warping stress of the flange, and it is confirmed by what was mentioned by
G13.1 in how to calculate the warping stress in the flange

Ref. (G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis.)

Can we include warping effect to the bridge model ? , according to G13.1

Ref. (G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis 1.2.6.)

But the section definition in MIDAS can actually account for this (found out by coincidence)

Ref. (MIDAS CIVIL.)

Ref. (MIDAS CIVIL. Help on Warping Effect)

How Does Warping Stresses Develop?
Ref. (Bridge Engineering Handbook Ch.15)
Ref. (Steel Bridge Design Handbook Figure 10)
Forces To include and check against
Improved 2-D Grid Analysis? (Defined in G13.1-3.11)

Ref. (G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis 3.11)

Ref. (G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis Table B-2.1)
My Plan:

1- Implement improved 2D-Gird article into model.

2- Introduce warping effects calculation into model (if not working correctly replace it with equation)

3- Come up with a decision on whether to account for composite section all over the bridge or not (which will
effect lateral moment acting on the weak axis).

4- Check only 2-spans of model with no complexities and compare results to warping numbers and v-loading
shapes.

5- Introduce complexities step by step.