An Innovative Method using GPS Tracking,WINS
Technologies for Border Security and Tracking of
Vehicles
Prathusha Perugu,
Nandyal, Kurnool district, AP, India.
prathusha.p@rediffmail.com
Abstract - This paper proposes a new system that provides
security to the mother land by using concepts of Wireless
Integrated Network Sensors, GPS tracking and object and metal
detection and tacking of vehicles with in the country. It provides
a new monitoring and control capability for monitoring the
borders of the country. Using this concept we can easily identify a
stranger or any object crossing the border where the army
cannot reach in regular. Using the satellite communication and
GPS tracking the area will be identified. By Object identification
system we will be able to get the pictures of that particular area
where the strangers has come as well as the details of objects or
people who are present there. And later the metal detecting
sensors and bomb detection signals will detect the existence of
explosives and weapons(metals) with them. The border area is
divided into number of nodes. Each node is in contact with each
other and with the main node. The noise produced by the foot-
steps of the stranger is collected using the sensor. This sensed
signal then sends appropriate signals and the frequency
measured by that sensor to the main node. Thus the stranger is
identified at the main node. Hence it is reasonably faster. On a
global scale, WINS will permit monitoring of land, water, and air
resources for environmental monitoring. With this we will be
able to identify the objects and the movement, direction of their
movement and the kind of metals they have. After discussing
with the military authorities we will be able to plan the actions to
be taken against them. Presently the Indian government is
planning to implement the same technology for tracking the
vehicles with in the country which carry illegal commodities ( like
government issued sugar , rice to be distributed among masses
but send to other states without legal permission). The vehicles
which carry explosive materials for industrial purposes can be
tracked. The missing vehicles during transportation due to
various reasons(terrorists attacks) can be easily identified.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS) combine
sensing, signal processing, decision capability, and wireless
networking capability in a compact, low power system. . On a
local, wide-area scale, battlefield situational awareness will
provide personnel health monitoring and enhance security and
efficiency. Also, on a metropolitan scale, new traffic, security,
emergency, and disaster recovery services will be enabled by
WINS. Here first it identifies the node where the harmonic
signals are produced by the strange objects and the intensity of
the signal will be collected .The signal will be sent to the
main node.The processing of the regular interval data from the
nodes will be analyzed and based on the intensity of the
signals and the direction of the detecting nodes gets changing
978-1-4244-9182-7/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 130
will be observed and the results will be sent to the satellite
communication system. The metal detection sensor system
first takes the images of that particular area where the actual
detection takes place and it will collect the corresponding
images by the direction of the sensors. The identification of
the objects is made and these images are examined by the
system of image scanning and object detection of images .
Continuous sensor signal processing must be provided to
enable constant monitoring of events in an environment.
Distributed signal processing and decision making enables
events to be identified at the remote sensor. Later in last step
this results will transmitted to the metal detecting sensors at
the server and get activated and it activates the corresponding
sensor near the objects. It detects the metals present there. In
this paper we have concentrated in the most important
application Border Security and tracking of vehicles with in
the country.
II. WINS SYSTEM FOR AREA DETECTION
Conventional wireless networks are supported by
complex protocols that are developed for voice and data
transmission for handhelds and mobile terminals. These
networks are also developed to support communication over
long range (up to 1km or more) with link bit rate over
100kbps. In contrast to conventional wireless networks, the
WINS network must support large numbers of sensors in a
local area with short range and low average bit rate
communication (less than 1kbps). The network design must
consider the requirement to service dense sensor distributions
with an emphasis on recovering environment information.
Multi hop communication yields large power and scalability
advantages for WINS networks. Multi hop communication,
therefore, provides an immediate advance in capability for the
WINS narrow Bandwidth devices. However, WINS Multi hop
Communication networks permit large power reduction and
the implementation of dense node distribution. The multi hop
communication has been shown in the figure 2. The figure 1
represents the general structure of the wireless integrated
network sensors (WINS) arrangement.
A.WINS Node architecture and identification of event
The WINS node architecture (Fig . 1) is developed to
enable continuous sensing, event detection, and event
identification at low power. Since the event detection process
must occur continuously, the sensor, data converter, data
buffer, and spectrum analyzer must all operate at micro power
levels. In the event that an event is detected, the spectrum
analyzer output may trigger the microcontroller. The
microcontroller may then issue commands for additional
signal processing operations for identification of the event
signal. Protocols for node operation then determine whether a
remote user or neighboring WINS node should be alerted. The
WINS node then supplies an attribute of the identified event.
For the particular applications of military security, the
WINS sensor systems must operate at low power, sampling at
low frequency and with environmental background limited
sensitivity. The micro power interface circuits must sample at
dc or low frequency where “1/f” noise in these CMOS
interfaces is large. The micro power signal processing system
must be implemented at low power and with limited word
length. In particular, WINS applications are generally tolerant
to latency. The WINS node event recognition may be delayed
by 10 – 100 m sec, or longer.
B. Signal transmission
The sensed signals are then routed to the major node. This
routing is done based on the shortest distance. That is the
distance between the nodes is not considered, but the traffic
between the nodes is considered.
C. Signal processing architecture
If a stranger enters the border, his footsteps will generate
harmonic signals. It can be detected as a characteristic feature
in a signal power spectrum. Thus, a spectrum analyzer must be
implemented in the WINS digital signal processing system.
The spectrum analyzer resolves the WINS input data into a
lowresolution power spectrum Here the corresponding
frequency levels of the signals will be examined and with this
data the direction of their movement will be identified later the
corresponding node addresses will be submitted to the satellite
communication network for identification of the location of
the node.
Figure 2. WINS nodes
131
Figure 1: Accessing WSNs through Internet
III. GPS-GPRS BASED OBJECT TRACKING SYSTEM
Location and positioning information can also be obtained
through the global positioning system (GPS) or local
positioning algorithms. This information can be gathered
across the network and appropriately processed to construct a
global view of the monitoring phenomena or objects. The
system allows a user to view the present and the past positions
recorded of a target object on Google Map through the
internet. The system reads the current position of the object
using GPS. The data is sent via GPRS service from the GSM
network towards a web server using the POST method of the
HTTP protocol. The object’s position data is then stored in the
database for live and past tracking. A web application is
developed using PHP, JavaScript, Ajax and My SQL with the
Google Map embedded. Here the node which has identified
the particular signals will act as GPS tracking device. So the
tracking device is referred as the node which has detected the
signals. The system has two parts the tracking device and the
database server as shown in Fig. 3. The device is attached with
the moving object and gets the position from GPS satellite in
real-time. It then sends the position information with the
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number as its
own identity to the server. The data is checked for validity and
the valid data is saved into the database. When a user wants to
track the device, s/he logs into the service provider’s website
and gets the live position of the device on Google Map. A
custom report is also generated which includes a detailed
description of the vehicles status. Users can also see the
previous positions of the device.
IV. CAPTURING AND PROCESSING OF IMAGES
Based on the results given by this wins system we will
collect the corresponding images of that particular area where
the exact node has detected and the images of the surrounding
areas of that particular node will also be collected then the
images will be processed. Here the images will be taken by the
satellite and with our personnel system which has been
arranged that automatically collects the images from a long
distance. A common operation is to do a "pan merge", which
combines low-resolution color band information with high-
resolution panchromatic images. This gives a color image with
better resolution than would otherwise be possible. There are a
number of standard ways do this merge operation, the simplest
being to use a HSV approach, where the Hue and
Figure-3 Tracking of a vehicle using GPS
Saturation come from the color bands, and the Value
comes from the panchromatic band. Here we should get the
true images that give us proper details of the objects. Now the
processed images will be submitted to the object detection
system which will detect the objects which are present in the
images.
V. OBJECT DETECTION IN IMAGES BY
COMPONENTS
In this process, we present a general example-based
framework for detecting objects in static images by
components. Here we will examine the images by satellite as
well as with our personnel system; technique is demonstrated
by developing a system that locates people in cluttered scenes.
The system is structured with four distinct example-based
detectors that are trained to separately find the four
components of the human body: the head, legs, left arm, and
right arm. After ensuring that these components are present in
the proper geometric configuration, a second example-based
classifier combines the results of the component detectors to
classify a pattern as either a person or a nonperson. We call
this type of hierarchical architecture, in which learning occurs
at multiple stages, an Adaptive Combination of Classifiers
(ACC). We present results that show that this system performs
significantly better than a similar full-body person detector.
This suggests that the improvement in performance is due to
the component-based approach and the ACC data
classification architecture. The algorithm is also more robust
than the full-body person detection method in that it is capable
of locating partially occluded views of people and people
whose body parts have little contrast with the background. We
are using a component-based person detection system for
static images that is able to detect frontal, rear, slightly rotated
(in depth) and partially occluded people in cluttered scenes
without assuming any a priori knowledge concerning the
image. The framework described here is applicable to other
domains besides people, including faces and cars. A
component based approach handles variations in lighting and
132
noise in an image better than a full-body person detector and is
able to detect partially occluded people and people who are
rotated in depth, without any additional modifications to the
system. A component-based detector looks for the constituent
components of a person and if one of these components is not
detected, due to an occlusion or because the person is rotated
into the plane of the image, the system can still detect the
person if the component detections are combined using an
appropriate hierarchical classifier.
A. Component-Based People Detection-Our Approach
The approach we have to detect people in static images
borrows ideas from the fields of object detection in images
and data classification. In particular, the system detects the
components of a person's body in an image, i.e., the head, the
left and right arms, and the legs, instead of the full body.
These images demonstrate some of the challenges involved
with detecting people in still images with cluttered
backgrounds. People are non rigid objects and dress in a wide
variety of colors and garment types. Additionally, people may
be rotated in depth, partially occluded, or in motion (i.e.,
running or walking). System then checks to ensure that the
detected components are in the proper geometric configuration
and then combines them using a classifier. This approach of
integrating components using a classifier promises to increase
accuracy based on the results of previous work in the field.
B. System Details
The system starts detecting people in images by selecting
a 128 X 64 pixel window from the top left corner of the image
as an input. This input is then classified as either a person or a
nonperson, a process which begins by determining where and
at which scales the components of a person, i.e., the head,
legs, left arm, and right arm, may be found within the window.
All of these candidate regions are processed by the respective
component detectors to find the strongest candidate
components. The object in the images are found with this.
VI . DETECTION OF METALS AND BOMBS
The people from the other enemy countries may carry
explosives or weapons with them and cross the border area.
We need to detect the kind of weapons and the metals that
they have with them. Dirty bombs are explosive devices
infused with dangerous radio nuclides commonly available
materials that can contaminate large areas and result in serious
health risks. Here we will detect and identify candidate
radioactive materials used in making bombs and weapons of
mass destruction (WMD) hidden in moving vehicles, shipping
containers, or on a person, even when heavily shielded. Nuclei
within the explosive are momentarily aligned with the radio
waves. A transmitter emits pulses of low-intensity radio
waves. After each pulse, the nuclei emit a characteristic radio
signal, like an echo. The signal is picked up, amplified and
analyzed. A computer issues a warning if it identifies a signal
that is emitted only by explosives. It provides a high
probability of correct detection and identification of suspect
materials and very low probability of false results.
 VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
In this paper we proposed a new automated approach for
the detection of the strangers or the objects which are entering
into our border. On a national scale, transportation systems,
and borders will be monitored for efficiency, safety, and
security. Here our system not only monitors the area but also
recognizes the area and collects the images and process them.
After the identification of the object detection of metals we
will have an idea about animals or human beings or other
objects like tankers etc crossing the border area. So, finally we
can have a clear idea of the strangers or strange objects which
are entering into the border area. Here our future work is to
send the appropriate data that we have collected to the higher
authorities and after proper conformation of the strangers and
the capacity of the weapons with them relevant action will be
taken by using automatic war planes or automatic aiming
weapons when the detection has been made. We can even
find out the details of the strangers from the database of the
criminals available with the military authorities and protect
our country from such terrorists.
133
REFERENCES
[1] G. J. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, L. P. Clare, and H. O. Marcy,
“Wireless integrated network sensors,” submitted to IEEE
J.Selected Areas in Communications
[2] Text book “Information Processing and Routing in Wireless
Sensor Networks”
[3] G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, H. O. Marcy,
and W. J. Kaiser, "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low
Power Systems on a Chip”, Proceedings of the 24th IEEE
European Solid-State Circuits Conference, 1998.
[4] G.J. Pottie and W.J. Kaiser, “Wireless integrated network sensors,”
Comm. ACM, vol. 43, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 51-58.
[5] Nasa exploring the whole earth: http:// mynasa1.nasa. gov/
topics/earth/earthday/earthday_mall.html