South Eastern European Mathematical

Olympiad for University Students

Iaşi, România - March 7, 2014

Problem 1. Let n be a nonzero natural number and f : R → R \ {0} be a function

such that f (2014) = 1 − f (2013). Let x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . , xn be real numbers not equal to
each other. If
 
1 + f (x1 ) f (x ) f (x ) . . . f (x ) 
 2 3 n 
 f (x1 ) 1 + f (x2 ) f (x3 ) ... f (xn ) 

 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) 1 + f (x3 ) . . . f (xn )  = 0,

 .. .. .. ... .. 
 . . . . 
 
 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f (x3 ) . . . 1 + f (xn )

prove that f is not continuous.

Problem 2. Consider the sequence (xn ) given by


xn + 1 + x2n + 2xn + 5
x1 = 2, xn+1 = , n ≥ 2.
2

n
1
Prove that the sequence yn = , n ≥ 1 is convergent and find its limit.
x2
k=1 k
−1

Problem 3. Let A ∈ Mn (C) and a ∈ C, a = 0 such that A − A∗ = 2aIn , where

A∗ = (Ā)t and Ā is the conjugate of the matrix A.

(a) Show that |det A| ≥ |a|n

(b) Show that if |det A| = |a|n then A = aIn .

n arctg x
Problem 4. a) Prove that lim n n dx = π .
n→∞ 2
x (x + 1) 2
0

⎛ ⎞
n arctg x
b) Find the limit lim n ⎝n n dx − π ⎠ .
n→∞ 2
x (x + 1) 2
0