MEDICAL

NUGGETS
medpgnotes
 1
MEDICAL NUGGETS

Contents
CHEMICAL NUGGETS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CLINICAL TRIALS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CROSS SENSITIVITY OF STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ENZYMES OF DNA REPLICATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CLASSIFICATION OF DOG BITE INJURIES................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS IN PREGNANCY................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
EHLER DANLOS SYNDROME NUGGET...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
ENZYME COMPLEXES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOKINASE AND HEXOKINASE........................................................................................................................................................... 4
GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
PARITY AND DISEASES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
NAMES OF PERFORATORS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
PRESERVATIVES FOR POISONING.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
UNITS IN RADIOLOGY...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
SENSATIONS AND TRACTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
SITES OF HEMATOPOIESIS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
DISEASES WITH SMOKING AS PROTECTIVE FACTOR........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
SUBSTANCES ACCUMULATED IN STORAGE DISORDERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

www.medpgnotes.com

MEDICAL NUGGETS
CHEMICAL NUGGETS
Chemical Adrenalectomy
Chemical Pancreatectomy
Chemical Defibrillation
CLINICAL TRIALS
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
APPLY FOR FDA APPROVAL
Phase IV
CROSS SENSITIVITY OF STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN
Capsular Hyaluronic acid
Group A carbohydrate antigen
Cytoplasmic membrane antigen
Cell wall protein
Peptidoglycan
ENZYMES OF DNA REPLICATION
PROKARYOTIC
DNA Polymerase I
(Lagging Strands)
DNA Polymerase II
DNA Polymerase III
(Leading Strands)
RNA Primase
CHEMICAL NUGGETS 2
Mitotin/Aminoglutethymidine
Streptozocin
Bretylium
Normal Healthy Volunteers
CANNOT Determine efficacy
Small Number of Patients
Both EFFICACY & SAFETY determined
Large no of patients
Post Marketing surveillance
Synovial fluid
Cardiac valves
Vascular intima
Myocardium
Skin antigen
EUKARYOTIC FUNCTION
δ Both 3’-5’ & 5’-3’ Exonuclease activity
RNA Primers removed
Join Okazaki Fragments
β Proof reading
ξ 3’-5’ Exonuclease activity
Proof reads
α
www.medpgnotes.com
 3
MEDICAL NUGGETS

CLASSIFICATION OF DOG BITE INJURIES

CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III
SLIGHT RISK MODERATE RISK SEVERE RISK
 Licks on Healthy skin  Licks on Fresh cuts  All bites with oozing of
 Scratches without blood  Scratches with blood blood in
 Consumption of unboiled  All bites EXCEPT head,neck,face,palm,
milk of suspected animal head,neck,face fingers
,palm,fingers  Lacerated wounds on any
 Minor wounds <5 in part of body
number  Multiple wounds > 5 in
number
 Wild animals bite

CATEGORIES OF DRUGS IN PREGNANCY

A Animal & Human study – No Teratogenicity
B Animal study – No teratogenicity
Human study – Lagging
C Animal &b Human study Lagging
If Benificial can be given
D Definitely risk
But we are giving
X Definitely Contraindicated

EHLER DANLOS SYNDROME NUGGET

MC type of Ehler Danlos syndrome EDS-3
Most severe type of Ehler Danlos syndrome EDS-4

www.medpgnotes.com
 4
MEDICAL NUGGETS

ENZYME COMPLEXES
E1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase Thiamine Pyrophosphate
E2 Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase Lipoic acid & Co A
E3 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase FAD+,NAD+

FATTY ACID SYNTHASE COMPLEX

Ketoacyl Synthase

Acetyl Transacylase

Malonyl Transacylase

Hydratase

Enoyl reductase

Ketoacyl reductase

ACP – Thiomerase

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOKINASE AND HEXOKINASE

FEATURES HEXOKINASE I to III GLUCOKINASE
(HEXOKINASE IV)
Found All Tissues Adult Liver only
Km Low High
Affinity for Glucose High Low
Allosteric Inhibitor Glucose 6 Phosphate Fructose 6 Phosphate
Function Makes glucose available to tissues Clears glucose from blood after
for oxidation at low blood glucose meals
levels

www.medpgnotes.com
 GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS 5
MEDICAL NUGGETS

GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS
GLUT 4 (Insulin Sensitive) Adipose tissue
Skeletal muscle
Heart
GLUT 1 RBC
GLUT 2 Liver
GLUT 3 Brain
GLUT 5 Intestine
Testis,Sperm
Kidney
GLUT 6 Leucocytes,Spleen

PARITY AND DISEASES

PARITY RISK FACTOR FOR
Nulliparity Endometriosis
Ca Endometrium
Low Parity Ca Ovary
Multiparity Adenomyosis
Ca Cervix

NAMES OF PERFORATORS
Below Medial Malleolus Inframalleolar
Calf Cockett
Below Knee Boyd
Above Knee Dodd
Adductor Canal Hunterian

PRESERVATIVES FOR POISONING

POISONING PRESERVATIVE
All Poisons including Carbolic acid except other acids Saturated NaCl
Acids EXCEPT Carbolic Acid Rectified Spirit
Tissue 10% Formalin
Sample for Uric acid Alcohol
Blood for Alcohol Poisoning Potassium Oxalate + Sodium Fluoride
Blood for Fluoride Poisoning Potassium Oxalate + SODIUM NITRATE
Blood for Oxalic Acid /Ethylene Glycol Poisoning Sodium citrate (In place of Potassium Oxalate)
Blood for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Liquid Paraffin
Preservative for catgut suture Isopropyl Alcohol

www.medpgnotes.com
 UNITS IN RADIOLOGY 6
MEDICAL NUGGETS

UNITS IN RADIOLOGY
Unit of Conventional unit SI unit
Radiation Exposure Roentgen Coulumbs/Kg
Absorbed Dose Rad Grey
Absorbed dose Equivalent rEm SiEvert
Radioactivity Curie Bequeral

KERMA – Kinetic Energy Released per unit Mass

Air KERMA – Kerma per unit mass of air

SENSATIONS AND TRACTS

POSTERIOR COLUMN ANTERIOR SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT
Fine Touch Crude touch Pain
Fine Pressure Crude Pressure Temperature
Vibration sense
Proprioception

SITES OF HEMATOPOIESIS
rd
3 Week Yolk Sac
rd
3 Month Liver
th
4 Month Bone marrow
Birth Bone marrow
After Puberty Red Marrow of Vertebra, Ribs, Sternum, Skull, Pelvis,
Proximal Epiphyseal Region

DISEASES WITH SMOKING AS PROTECTIVE FACTOR

 Ulcerative Colitis
 PIH,Eclampsia
 Alzemier’s Disease
 Parkinson’s disease
 Sarcoidosis
 Fibroid
 Endometriosis
 Lung Carcinoid
 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
 Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

www.medpgnotes.com
 CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA 7
MEDICAL NUGGETS

CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA

SPHERICAL & TERMINAL OVAL & TERMINAL CENTRAL/SUBTERMINAL
DRUM STICK TENNIS RACKET
Tetani Difficle Botulinum
Tetanomorphum Tertium Perfringens
Sphenoides Cochlearum Septicum
Novyi
Histolyticum
Sporogens
Sordelli
chauvoeil

SUBSTANCES ACCUMULATED IN STORAGE DISORDERS

Hurler syndrome Dermatan & Heparan Sulphate
Tay sach’s disease GM2 ganglioside
Hunter Syndrome Dermatan Sulphate,Heparan Sulphate
Sanfillipo syndrome Heparan Sulphate
Morquio B Syndrome Keratan Sulphate

www.medpgnotes.com