 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٢١١
  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 

 W،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EFZ
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬ J
 

 
-1-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–Computer Engine Management ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Sensors ECU‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Actuators
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J ‫א‬
 J
 J ‫א‬
 J
 J ‫א‬
 J
 J
 J
 J
‫א‬ J
KKKKKKKK J

-2-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١ J١F‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﺼﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﻕ‬

‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J١F

-3-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
EF
EF

EF ‫א‬‫(א‬Digital Signal)

‫א‬‫א‬EOn -OffF
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢ J١F،

‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬

(OFF)‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ DC (ON) ‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬ (OFF)‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬

5V

‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
0V

‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬(5V) (Off)‫א‬(0V)،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (On)


 
 
-4-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 W(Analog Signal)‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K J٤K J٣K‫א‬ J٢K J١

 K J٦K J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J١F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(+5V)‫א‬‫א‬(-5V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F

 W(ECU)‫א‬

-5-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤ J١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻼت‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F
‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ECheck Engine Soon) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (ECU)‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬ J٥K‫א‬ J٤K J٣K‫א‬ J٢K J١

K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠K‫א‬ J٩K J٨K‫א‬‫א‬ J٧K‫א‬ J٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J١F

  (Voltage Regulator)W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 AmplifiersW‫א‬ J
 KE٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Conditioners W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٦ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J١F

(Microprocessor) :‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Integrated Circuit)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(Memory)W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Clock)W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-8-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،(RPM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
(Power Transistor)W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Actuators) W‫א‬
-9-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،
Solenoid W J
 K‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬
Electric MotorW J
 K‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RelaysW J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬
 
 

- 10 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J١F

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،
 E٨ J١F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬-٥ ‫ א‬-٤ ‫ א‬-٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢  -١

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 12 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ،‫א‬W،E٩ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬

‫أداء اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J١F

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J١F‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬

‫أداء اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J١F

 
 ‫א‬
 
- 14 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 

 

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬  J١
- 15 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬AM  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬  J٦ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬ K  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ 
 ‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 
 EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K٢ 
 EF 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣ 
 EF 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ 
  

 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 EBinary-codedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 ‫א‬  J٥
 Solenoid K 
 Electric Motors K 
 Relays‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
  ‫א‬ K 

- 19 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 EF K 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K

  ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 
 
 

- 20 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 EF 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 EF 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 EF‫א‬ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١
  J٢
  J٣
  J٤
  J٥
  J٦
  J٧
 
- 22 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W
 
X  J١
√  J٢
√  J٣
X  J٤
X  J٥
√  J٦
X  J٧
√  J٨
√  J٩
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
   J١
  J٢
  J٣
  J٤
  J٥
  J٦
  J٧
- 23 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

  J٨
  J٩
 W
 
 √  J١
X  J٢
 √  J٣
X  J٤
 √  J٥
X  J٦
 √  J٧
X  J٨
  

 
 
  

 

- 24 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    •
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 
 
 
 K٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF J 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-

 
 
- 25 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻼت‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J

- 26 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬  
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬  
 
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ J٢F  
 
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 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(Benzene C6H6- Cyclohexane C6H12- Octane C8H18)
‫א‬‫א‬O2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA/F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
15.2 : 1 800 C8 H18
14.7 : 1 228 C6 H12
13.2 : 1 3.5 C6 H6
14.7 : 1 ‫א‬‫א‬14.7 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٢F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬14.7:1
λK(Lambda ‫א‬‫א‬F λ‫א‬،(A/F)‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬λ،E ‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٢F
 
 
 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬
‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬E٤ J٢F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬  J١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٢F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬



 
 J٤ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬ E٥ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
- 31 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٦ J٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬  
‫ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬
 
 
 
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬  
 
 
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت اﺧﺮي‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
  
 
 
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F  
 
 
 
 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

،TBI ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 
 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢ J١
 ‫א‬ J٦
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٢F
 
 
 
 PFI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٢F
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA/F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬
 KE٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J٢F
 
  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،HC‫א‬،NOx‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠ J٢F‫א‬ECO
 
 

- 35 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠ J٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬
- 36 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ K
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬  J٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
  K 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ K 
  K 
  K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 EF‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 EF E ١ ‹ λF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 EFTBI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ١W١٢ K 
 ١W١٧ K 
 ١W١٤{٧ K 
 ١W٨ K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOx‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOx K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOX K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO K 
  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBFK
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 EAF‫ א‬K
EBF‫ א‬K

 E B FEAF K
 EB FEAF K
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBF
 EAF‫ א‬K
EBF‫ א‬K

 E B FEAF K
 EB FEAF K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 EF‫א‬λ١W١٤{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 EF λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 EF‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 

- 44 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١ 
   J٢ 
   J٣ 
   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
   J٨ 
   J٩ 
  J١٠ 
 
 W

- 45 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 √  J١ 
 X  J٢ 
 X  J٣ 
√  J٤ 
 X  J٥
 X  J٦ 
√  J٧ 
    √ -٨

 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١ 
   J٢ 
   J٣ 
   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
 ‫א‬  J٨ 
   J٩ 
  J١٠ 
 
 W

- 46 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 √  J١ 
 X  J٢ 
 √  J٣ 
X  J٤ 
 √  J٥
 √  J٦ 
X  J٧ 
    X -٨

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    •
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 
 
 
 K٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬

- 47 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF J 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 48 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻼت‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬  
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬  
 
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
 
 
- 49 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ J٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(Benzene C6H6- Cyclohexane C6H12- Octane C8H18)
‫א‬‫א‬O2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA/F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
15.2 : 1 800 C8 H18
14.7 : 1 228 C6 H12

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

13.2 : 1 3.5 C6 H6
14.7 : 1 ‫א‬‫א‬14.7 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٢F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 14.7:1
λK(Lambda ‫א‬‫א‬F λ‫א‬،(A/F)‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬λ،E ‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 
- 51 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٢F
 
 
 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬

 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬E٤ J٢F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬  J٢
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٢F
 



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 J٤ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬ E٥ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦ J٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬  
‫ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬
 
 
 
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬  
 
 
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت اﺧﺮي‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
  
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬

،TBI ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢ J١
 ‫א‬ J٦
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٢F
 
 
 
 PFI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

- 56 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٢F
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA/F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬ KE٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 57 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J٢F
 
  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،HC‫א‬،NOx‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠ J٢F‫א‬ECO
 
 

- 58 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠ J٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ K
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬  J٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

  K 
 ‫א‬ K 
  K 
  K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 EF‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 EF E ١ ‹ λF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 EFTBI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ١W١٢ K 
 ١W١٧ K 
 ١W١٤{٧ K 
 ١W٨ K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOx‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOx K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬NOX K 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬CO K 
  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBFK
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 EAF‫ א‬K

EBF‫ א‬K

 E B FEAF K
 EB FEAF K
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBF
 EAF‫ א‬K

EBF‫ א‬K

 E B FEAF K

- 66 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 EB FEAF K

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 EF‫א‬λ١W١٤{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 EF λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 EF‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 

- 67 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١ 
   J٢ 
   J٣ 
   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
   J٨ 
   J٩ 
  J١٠ 
 

- 68 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 √  J١ 
 X  J٢ 
 X  J٣ 
√  J٤ 
 X  J٥
 X  J٦ 
√  J٧ 
    √ -٨

 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١ 
   J٢ 
   J٣ 
   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
 ‫א‬  J٨ 
   J٩ 
  J١٠ 
 

- 69 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 √  J١ 
 X  J٢ 
 √  J٣ 
X  J٤ 
 √  J٥
 √  J٦ 
X  J٧ 
 X -٨
  

- 70 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬Eλ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
 
 
 K٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-

 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬
 EH2OF J
ECOF ‫א‬ J
ECO2F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬EHCF‫א‬ J
 
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (NOxF‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W CO‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WCO2‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬WNOx‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W HC ‫א‬ J

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬EλF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EλF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٣F

 
 KEλF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٣F

 
 WEλF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢ J٣F‫א‬
 ،EλF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

 ‫א‬ J٥

 KEλF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٣F

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E J  J F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F

:،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

1- 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2
2- 2 C2H6 + 2 CO → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O
3- 2 NO + 2 CO → N2 + 2 CO2

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

، H2O‫א‬HC‫א‬‫א‬
 K CO2‫א‬ CO ‫א‬
،N2‫א‬‫א‬NOx ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٣F،‫א‬
 
 
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٣F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬800°C400°C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٣F
 
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGR‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EGR
 KE٦ J٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ NOx
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٧ J٣F،‫א‬‫א‬HC ‫א‬
 K EGR‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J٣F
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬λ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫؟‬EGR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEAF‫א‬  J١ 
  E BFK‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬K‫א‬  
 EAF K
E BF K

 E BFEAF K
E BFEAF K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬HC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 H2OCO2‫א‬ K
C H‫א‬ K

 NOx‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬NOx‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 HC‫א‬‫א‬ K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

O2‫א‬N K

 O2‫א‬N‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬EBFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 EAF  K
E BF K

 E BFEAF K
E BFEAF K

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬ K


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 EF‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ 
 EFλ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ 
 EFλ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦ 
 EF H2O‫א‬HC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠ 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١ 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

   J٢ 
   J٣ 
   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
   J٨ 
 
 W
 X  J١ 
 √  J٢ 
 √  J٣ 
 X  J٤
√  J٥ 
 X  J٦
 X  J٧ 
 X  J٨ 
 √  J٩ 
 √ J١٠ 

 
  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKK J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬
 
 

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor(MAP)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
WE١ J٤F،‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ J٢‫א‬ J١

W‫א‬
 W(MAP)‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ J٤  J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ ‫א‬ J٥

 K(MAP)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٤F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF)‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE٢ J٤F
 

 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 KEMAFF‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٤F
 
 

 W‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 Air Flow Sensor‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،E٣ J٤F‫א‬ W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  -٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٤F

 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤   E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥  EF‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  J٧         
 
 ‫א‬WE٤ J٤F

 Inlet Air Temperature Sensor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE٥ J٤F، W‫א‬

 J٣  J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٤F

W‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Engine Temperature Sensor‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
KE٦ J٤FKW‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J٤F

 W‫א‬
‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Throttle-Voltage Switch‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE٧ J٤F،KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٣   J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ ‫א‬ J٤
 

 K‫א‬WE٧ J٤F
 
 
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬ 1.5°  ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬

‫א‬ETLF  ‫א‬EIDLF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٤F
 
 

‫א‬  60° 50° ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (PSW)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٤F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(PSW,TL, IDLF‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫ ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻖ‬-٣ ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﻧﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ‬-٢ ‫ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J٤F

 Throttle-Position Sensor‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

 K‫א‬WE١٠ J٤F‫א‬
W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥F‫א‬ 180°
E  ‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
analog ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 

  Oxygen SensorEλF‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧‫א‬ J٦

 K‫א‬WE١١ J٤F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١ W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 KE١٢ J٤F‫א‬، W‫א‬

  ‫א‬ J٣ ‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

 ‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤
  J٩ ‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
 K‫א‬WE١٢ J٤F
 

 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣ J٤F

 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

E١٤ J٤F،‫א‬ W‫א‬

 K‫א‬WE١٤ J٤F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬ 1.5°
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 MAP‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K  K
 
 ‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 
K‫א‬TPS‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬TPS‫א‬‫א‬EBF
‫א‬K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 EAF  K
EBF K
 EBFEAF  K
 EBF‫א‬EAF  K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 W’‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬  K
 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
W‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K
 ‫א‬  K
   K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EλF‫א‬  J٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

E٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
EMAPF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬EBFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EAF  K
EBFK  K
 EBFEAF  K
 EBFEAF  K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
   K
‫א‬  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
   K
 
‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 K  K
 K
 ‫א‬  K
   K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
   K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
KKKKKK
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K
   K
 
 WPiezoelectricEF‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
   K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
( F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
- 107 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 EF50°
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 EF 1.5‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
   J١
   J٢
  J٣
  J٤
  J٥
- 108 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  J٦
  J٧

 W
 
√  J١
 X  J٢
X  J٣
X  J٤
√  J٥
X  J٦
X  J٧

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
   J١
   J٢
  J٣
  J٤
  J٥
- 109 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  J٦
  J٧
 
W
 
 X  J١
 X  J٢
 X  J٣
√  J٤
 X  J٥
√  J٦
 X  J٧
 X  J٨
√  J٩
 
 
 
 

 

 
  

- 110 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 
 

- 111 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EA/F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،Solenoid‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٥F

  J٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ ‫א‬ J٤  J٣  J٢  J١

 K‫א‬WE١ J٥F
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ETF
   ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E FEtF، ‫א‬‫א‬
١{٥EtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F‫א‬K١٠

V
T
t / T = ‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
t 1/3 =

ON

Fuel Fuel off

on

OFF

1 2 3 4 5 6 t

‫א‬‫א‬EF

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

V
T
t / T = ‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
t 2/3 =

ON

Fuel on Fuel
off

OFF
1 2 3 4 5 6 t
‫א‬‫א‬EF

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢–٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٣  J٢‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥ ‫א‬ J٤
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬EstallF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
E٤ J٥F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬E٥ J٥F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم هﻮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

*‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 ‫א‬WE٤ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٥F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥FE٦ J٥F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬ J٢   ‫א‬‫א‬ J١   

  J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥   

 KWE٦ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J٣
 

 K‫א‬WE٦ J٥F

 PCV‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫ א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤PCV J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٥F
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Positive Crankcase Value PCV‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 EGR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E°٢٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٨ J٥F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K EGR‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٨ J٥F‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EGR‫א‬
 K NOx‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬ J١

  EFEGR J٤EFEGR J٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ ‫א‬ J٥
  EGR J٨‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠ EGR J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١

 ‫א‬EGRWE٨ J٥F
 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 EGR‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٥F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGR Valve ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
HC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩ J٥F‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

.‫א‬EGRWE٩ J٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  ‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ ‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ J٥‫א‬ J٤

 K‫א‬WE١٠ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ E‫א‬F‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١ J٥F

 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢ J٥F،‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٤ ‫א‬ J٣
   ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢ J٥F

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ip‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
  ‫א‬Ee‫א‬c‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EbF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠ J٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬ES‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Turbocharger ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Supercharger
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Turbocharger‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٣ J٥F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

  ‫א‬ J٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬ J١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣ J٥F

 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬Turbine ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Compressor‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
١٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ J٣ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٩‫א‬ J٨‫א‬ J٧

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤ J٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٥ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬ J٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١ J١٠

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥ J٥F
 Supercharger ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،E١٦ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Centrifugal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Rotor‫א‬‫א‬ J
Vane‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦ J٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE١٧ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ J٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧ J٥F

 ‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١

‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤

‫ ؟‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨

K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ -١٠

‫؟‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١١

 

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EFEAF‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬EBFK
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 EAF K
EBF K

 EBFEAF K
EBFEAF K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١{٥١ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٥١٠ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠١٠٠ K  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬PCV‫א‬  J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬EF K 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

  K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF١٠١{٥‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ 
 EF‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬PCV‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 EF٥٠٣٠ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
  

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
   J١ 
   J٢ 
   J٣ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

   J٤ 
   J٥ 
   J٦ 
   J٧ 
   J٨ 
   J٩ 
  J١٠ 
 
 W
 X  J١ 
 √  J٢ 
√  J٣ 
√  J٤
 X  J٥
√  J٦ 
√  J٧
 X  J٨
 √  J٩ 
 X J١٠ 

 
 
 
 

 

- 139 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Motronic- Monotronic - PFI - TCCS - ECCS)
 
 
 
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
‫א‬‫א‬EKKKKKKKKKK J
  J
 F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٦F،E١ J٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢ J١
 ‫א‬ J٥ J٤
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٦F
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٦F
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EST‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
EONF‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣ J٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٦F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F،E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٣ J٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٦F
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٦F
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
 
 K‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤K‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٦F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ א‬-

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٦ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ J٣K‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J٦F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ א‬-
 
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEKKKK، ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٨ J٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٦F
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٦F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E٩ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ J٣ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬WE٩ J٦F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫؛‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(noF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬no  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠ J٦F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٥ J١٠(A/F)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬MAP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -
MAP‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ א‬-
 
 
 W‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١ J٦F‫א‬
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١ J٦F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
KTI-HTI-I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SI‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
DLIEF‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 KE F‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٣ J٦F،E١٢ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤ J٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬ J٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬ J٩‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬ J٧
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢ J٦F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 
 

 
‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬ J٩‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬ J١٠
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣ J٦F
 

 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤ J٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 KE١٦ J٦F،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥ J٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦ J٦F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٨ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧ J٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬ ١{٥‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس اﻟﺼﻔﻊ‬

‫داﺋﺮة اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
( ‫) اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬

‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬ E١٧ J٦ F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٦F
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
EGR‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬  J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫هﻮاء‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﻟﻤﺪا‬ ‫ﻋﺎدم‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻔﺎز‬

‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎﺧﺎت‬

‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

‫اﻹﺷﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ E١٩  J ٦ F 

 
 
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 163 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 Motronic 
،E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠ J٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢١ J٦F، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 J٥E F‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 J١٠‫א‬ J٩‫א‬ J٨‫א‬ J٧‫א‬ J٦‫א‬
 J١٣ ‫א‬ J١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥‫א‬ J١٤‫א‬
 J٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩‫א‬ J١٨‫א‬ J١٧
‫א‬ J٢٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٥‫א‬ J٢٤‫א‬ J٢٣
 K‫א‬ J٢٧‫א‬ J٢٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٦

 KWE٢٠ J٦F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١ J٦F
 
 Mono- Motronic J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢٢ J٦F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٦FKE‫א‬‫א‬F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢ J٦F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٦F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢E‫א‬F‫א‬ J١

 J٨‫א‬ J٧‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥ ‫א‬
 J١٢‫א‬ J١١‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬  J٩‫א‬
 J١٥‫א‬ J١٤‫א‬ J١٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١٧‫א‬ J١٦‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K JWE٢٣ J٦F
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 PFI‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬Port Fuel InjectionEPFIF‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EMass Air Flow SensorF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤ J٦F،MAF
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬RK ‫א‬‫א‬RH
 ‫א‬R3    R1 & R2
 IH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TL     ‫א‬‫א‬m
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤ J٦F


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KPFI‫א‬E٢٥ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 J٤‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  J٣‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 J٨‫א‬ J٧‫א‬ J٦‫א‬‫א‬  J٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J١٢‫א‬ J١١‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬ J٩‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
PFI‫א‬WEK٢٥ J٦F

 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 
 TCCS ‫א‬‫א‬
 

Toyota Computer Controlled System ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،EFi‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 

 
 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬ J١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬ J١٥‫א‬ J١٤
 
 KTCCS‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦ J٦F
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 
 
 ECCS‫א‬‫א‬
 

E‫א‬F‫א‬ECCS
 ‫א‬‫א‬Nissan
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KECCS‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬ J١١‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩‫א‬
 J١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤‫א‬ J١٣‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬ J١٦‫א‬
 
 KECCS‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧ J٦F
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
 K 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬  K
K‫א‬ K
K  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 K‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K    
K‫א‬ K   
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K   
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ‫א‬  K
  K‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬  K
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 KEFEF‫א‬  K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬  K
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
EF‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
EF
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
EF‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
   J١
  J٢
  J٣
  J٤
  J٥
  J٦
  J٧
  J٨
  J٩
 
 W

 X  J١
 X  J٢
√  J٣
 X  J٤
 X  J٥
 X  J٦
√  J٧
 X  J٨

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  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 Idling Speed ‫א‬
 Throttle Valve‫א‬
 Throttle Switch     ‫א‬
Air-Flow Sensor ‫א‬‫א‬
 Fuel Pump      ‫א‬
 Thermo-Time Switch    ‫א‬
 Auxiliary Air Valve    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Cold Start Injector     ‫א‬
  InjectorValves      ‫א‬
 Air Temperature Sensor   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Engine Temperature Sensor   ‫א‬‫א‬
 Crank Shaft Sensor    ‫א‬
 Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed Sensor     ‫א‬
 Knock Sensor     ‫א‬
 EGR Valve      ‫א‬‫א‬
 Lambda Sensor     ‫א‬
 Digital Signal     
 Analog Signal      
 Electronic Control Unit EECU)   ‫א‬‫א‬
 Actuator       ‫א‬
 Open Control System    ‫א‬‫א‬
 Closed Control System    ‫א‬‫א‬
 Feed Back Signal     ‫א‬‫א‬
 Ignition System     ‫א‬
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  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 Ignition Timing     ‫א‬
Dwell Angle     ‫א‬‫א‬
 Fuel Injection System   ‫א‬
 Air-Fuel Ratio     ‫א‬‫א‬
 Catalytic Converter    ‫א‬‫א‬
 Positive Crankcase Valve ( PCV)  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Turbocharger     ‫א‬‫א‬
 Supercharger     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

- 183 -
  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

1- " Automotive Engine Management "

Hayes

2- " Automotive Electricity, Electronics and Computer Controls ".

Barry Hollembeak
ISBN 0-8273-6566-7

3- "Understanding Automotive Electronics" 5th Edition

Whlliam B. Ribbens, 1998
Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 0-7506-2100-1

4- "Automotive Electricity , Electronics and Computer controls"

Barry Hollem Beak

5-"Modern Automotive Technology"

James E. Duffy
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Publisher
ISBN 1-56637-610-6 (SAE)

6-"Motor Automotive Technology" 3th Edition

ISBN 0-8273-8354-1

7- "Auto Electricity and Electronics Technology" - 1998

James E. Duffy
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., Tinley Park, Illinois
ISBN 1-56637-441-3

8- "Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical, Electronic, and

Computer Systems" - 1997
James D. Halderman
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Columbus, Ohio
ISBN 0-13-520578-6

9- "Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems" - 1988

Robert Bosch GmbH
ISBN 3-18-419110-9 / 0-89883-509-7

- 184 -
  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

10- "Battery Ignition Systems"

Bosch Technical Instruction
ISBN 1-85-226003-3

11- "Automotive Engines (Systems , Diagnosis and Service)"

James G. Hughes.
ISBN 0-15-5043668

12-"Up Grading and Repairing PCs" 14th Edition

Scott Muellen (Que).

13- "Automotive Technology" - 2000

Jack Erjavec, Delmar, Thomson Learning
ISBN 0-7668-0673-1

14- "Automobile Electrical & Electronic Systems" 2nd Edition

Tom Denton
Arnold Publisher
ISBN 0-340-73795-8

15- "Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis"

Tom Denton
Arnold Publisher
ISBN 0-340-74123-6

16- "Gasoline-engine management"1999

Bosch Technical Instruction
Robert Bosch GmbH Publisher
ISBN 0-7680-0510-8

- 185 -
  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٢ 
 ٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٣ 
 ٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 ٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٥ 
 ٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٧ 
 ١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٨ 
 ١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ 
 ١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ 
 ١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١١ 
 ١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١٢ 
 ١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٣ 
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ 
 ٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٣ 
 ٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٤ 
 ٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٥ 
 ٣٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧ 
 

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  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ٤٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٢ 
 ٤٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٣ 
 ٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤ 
 ٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ 
 ٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ٥٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٧ 
 ٥٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٨ 
 ٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ 
 ٦١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ٦٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ 
 ٦٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٣ 
 ٦٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٤ 
 ٦٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ 
 ٧٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ٧١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٧ 
 ٧٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٨ 
 ٧٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٩ 
 ٧٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ 
 ٧٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١١ 
 ٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١٢ 
 ٨٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٣ 
 ٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٤ 
 
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  ٢١١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ٨٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٢ 
 ٩٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٣ 
 ٩٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٤ 
 ٩٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥ 
 ١٠١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ١٠٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٧ 
 ١٠٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ 
 ١٠٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ 
 ١١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ 
 ١١٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١١ 
 ١١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢ 
 ١١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١ 
 ١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٢ 
 ١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٣ 
 ١٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K٤ 
 ١٢٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٥ 
 ١٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦ 
 ١٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٧ 
 ١٣٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨ 
 ١٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩ 
 ١٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١٠ 
 ١٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١١ 
 ١٣٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١٢ 
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 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  
 ١٤١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K١٣ 
 ١٤١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMotronicK١٤ 
 ١٤٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMono-MotronicK١٥ 
 ١٤٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPFI‫א‬K١٦ 
 ١٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTCCS‫א‬‫א‬K١٧ 
 ١٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKECCS‫א‬‫א‬K١٨ 
 ١٥٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K١٩ 
 ١٥٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٠ 
 ١٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢١ 
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 ١٥٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
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 ١٦١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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