'Learn Sanskrit Module 2' Round 8

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in
.
. .
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Dr. Y.N. RAO

LEARN SANSKRIT -- MODULE-2
.co
s> - sa - tt! = HE/SHE/IT(THAT)
o
ho
il¼m! - liìgam):
ya
1. GENDER (il¼m!
@
There are three Genders in Sanskrit, viz., (1) Masculine
pu<il¼m! - puàliìgam), (2) Feminine Gender (ôIil¼m!
ôIil¼m!
ao
Gender (pu
- npu<skil¼m!
stréliìgam) and (3)
nr
Neuter Gender (npu -
ry
napuàsakaliìgam). Therefore, whenever new Nouns are
introduced, the learner should try to identify their Gender.
cto
This is important.
do
For example:
gj> (M) = Elephant
O"
gajaù
RA
lta (F) = Creeper

latä
N.
puStkm! (N) = Book

Y.
pustakam
r.
Abbreviations: M = Masculine Gender;

"D
F = Feminine Genger; N = Neuter Gender
1
2. vcnm! - vacanam):
NUMBER (vcnm!
.in
.co
There are three Numbers in Sanskrit—(1) Singular
@kvcnm! - ekavacanam ), (2) Dual Number (iÖvcnm!
Number (@kvcnm! iÖvcnm!
o
- dvivacanam) and (3) Plural Number b÷vcnm!
(b÷vcnm! -
ho
bahuvacanam). While the Singular Number indicates a
ya
single person/object, the Dual Number indicates two
persons/objects and the Plural Number indicates more than
@
two persons/objects.
ao
For example:
ram> (S) = One Rama
nr
ry
rämaù
cto
ramaE (D) = Two Ramas

do
rämau
rama> (P) = Many(More than two) Ramas

O"
rämäù
RA
Abbreviations: S = Singular Number; D = Dual Number;

P = Plural Number
N.
Y.
r.
"D
2
3. s> - sa - tt! = HE/SHE/IT(THAT):
.in
s> (M.S.) = He(That)
Distant Person
.co
saù
sa (F.S.) = She(That)
o
Distant Person
ho
sä
tt! (N.S.) = It(That)
ya
Distant Object
tat
@
ao
4. nr
k> - ka - ikm! = Who?/ Who?/What?:
ry
k> (M.S.) = Who?/What?
cto
kä
ka (F.S.) = Who?/What?
do
kä
O"
ikm! (N.S.) = What?

kim
RA
N.
Y.
r.
"D
3
5. INTRODUCTION TO WORDS (pdpircy> - padaparicayaù)):
.in
ram> (M.S.) = Rama bal> (M.S.) = Boy
.co
rämaù bälaù
balk> (M.S.) = Boy gué> (M.S.) = Teacher
o
ho
bälakaù guruù
AXyapk> (M.S.) = Male teacher DaÇ> (M.S.) = Male student
ya
adhyäpakaù chätraù
@
hir> (M.S.) = Lord Vishnu hr> (M.S.) = Lord Shiva
ao
hariù haraù
dev> (M.S.) = God nr
gj> (M.S.) = Elephant
ry
devaù gajaù
cto
sIta (F.S.) = Sita bala (F.S.) = Girl

do
sétä bälä
bailka
bailka (F.S.) = Girl AXyaipka (F.S.) = Female teacher
O"
bälikä adhyäpikä
RA
DaÇa (F.S.)= Female student devta (F.S.) = Goddess

chäträ devatä
N.
mala (F.S.) = Garland lta (F.S.) = Creeper

Y.
mälä latä
paQzala (F.S.) = School Éa;a (F.S.) = Language
r.
päöhaçälä bhäñä
"D
4
puStkm! (N.S.) = Book paÇm! (N.S.) = Vessel
.in
pustakam pätram
.co
neÇm! (N.S.) = Eye xnm! (N.S.) = Money
netram dhanam
o
ho
pu:pm! (N.S.) = Flower icÇm! (N.S.) = Picture
puñpam citram
ya
)lm! (N.S.) = Fruit vnm! (N.S.) = Forest
@
phalam vanam
ao
c³m! (N.S.) = Wheel imÇm! (N.S.) = Friend
cakram
nr
mitram
ry
cto
Abbreviations:
M.S. = Masculine Singular;
do
F.S. = Feminine Singular;

N.S. = Neuter Singular
O"
RA
N.
Y.
r.
"D
5
vaKyàyaeg> - väkyaprayogaù):
6. SYNTAX (vaKyàyae
.in
pu<il¼e - puàliìge):
IN MASCULINE GENDER (p
.co
s> ram>, = He(That) is Rama.
o
saù rämaù
ho
s> bal>, = He(That) is a boy.
ya
saù bälaù
s> balk>, = He(That) is a boy.
@
saù bälakaù
ao
s> gué>, = He(That) is a teacher.
saù guruù nr
ry
s> AXyapk>, = He(That) is a male teacher.
cto
saù adhyäpakaù
s> DaÇ>, = He(That) is a male student.
do
saù chätraù
s> hir>, = He(That) is Lord Vishnu.
O"
saù hariù
RA
s> hr>, = He(That) is Lord Shiva.

saù haraù
N.
s> dev>, = He(That) is a God.

Y.
saù devaù
s> gj>, = He(That) is an elephant.
r.
saù gajaù
"D
6
êpa_yas> - rüpäbhyäsaù):
PATTERN DRILL (êpa_yas>
.in
.co
saù rämaù
s> k>?
k> = Who is he(that)?
o
ho
saù kaù
ya
saù rämaù
@
ao
saù bälaù
s> k>?
nr
ry
saù kaù?
cto

do
saù bälaù
O"

saù bälakaù
RA
s> k>?
saù kaù?
N.

Y.
saù bälakaù
r.
"D
7
.in
saù guruù
.co
s> k>?
saù kaù?
o
ho
saù guruù
ya
@
ao
saù adhyäpakaù
s> k>?
saù kaù? nr
ry
cto
saù adhyäpakaù
do

O"
saù chätraù
s> k>?
RA
saù kaù?
N.
saù chätraù
Y.
r.
"D
8
.in
saù hariù
.co
s> k>?
saù kaù?
o
ho
saù hariù
ya
@
ao
saù haraù
s> k>?
saù kaù? nr
ry
cto
saù haraù
do

O"
saù devaù
s> k>?
RA
saù kaù?
N.
saù devaù
Y.
r.
"D
9
.in
saù gajaù
.co
s> k>?
saù kaù?
o
ho
saù gajaù
ya
@
ôIil¼e - stréliìge):
IN FEMININE GENDER (ôIil¼e
ao
sa sIta, = She(That) is Sita.
sä sétä nr
ry
sa bala, = She(That) is a girl.
cto
sä bälä
sa bailka, = She(That) is a girl.
do
sä bälikä
sa AXyaipka, = She is a female teacher.
O"
sä adhyäpikä
RA
sa DaÇa, = She(That) is a female student.

sä chäträ
N.
sa devta, = She(That) is a Goddess.

Y.
sä devatä
sa mala, = She(That) is a garland.
r.
sä mälä
"D
10
sa lta, = She(That) is a creeper.
.in
sä latä
.co
sa paQzala, = She(That) is a school.
sä päöhaçälä
o
ho
sa Éa;a, = She(That) is a language
sä bhäñä
ya
@
ao
sä sétä
sa ka?
ka = Who is she(that)?
nr
ry
cto
sä kä?
do
sä sétä
O"

sä bälä
RA
sa ka?
sä kä?
N.

Y.
sä bälä
r.
"D
11
.in
sä bälikä
.co
sa ka?
sä kä?
o
ho
sä bälikä
ya
@
sa AXyaipka, = She(That) is a female teacher.
ao
sä adhyäpikä
sa ka?
sä kä? nr
ry
sa AXyaipka,
AXyaipka, = She(That) is a female teacher.
cto
sä adhyäpikä
do
sa DaÇa, = She(That) is female student.

O"
sä chäträ
sa ka?
RA
sä kä?
sa DaÇa, = She(That) is female student.
N.
sä chäträ
Y.
r.
"D
12
.in
sä devatä
.co
sa ka?
sä kä?
o
ho
sä devatä
ya
@
ao
sä mälä
sa ka?
sä kä? nr
ry
cto
sä mälä
do

O"
sä latä
sa ka?
RA
sä kä?
N.
sä latä
Y.
r.
"D
13
.in
sä päöhaçälä
.co
sa ka?
sä kä?
o
ho
sä päöhaçälä
ya
@
sa Éa;a, = She(That) is a language.
ao
sä bhäñä
sa ka?
sä kä? nr
ry
sa Éa;a, = She(That) is a language.
cto
sä bhäñä
do
npu<skil¼e - napuàsakaliìge):
IN NEUTER GENDER (npu
O"
tt! puStkm!, = It(That) is a book.

tat pustakam
RA
tt! paÇm!, = It(That) is a vessel.

tat pätram
N.
tt! neÇm!, = It(That) is an eye.

Y.
tat netram
tt! xnm!, = It(That) is money.
r.
tat dhanam
"D
14
tt! pu:pm!, = It(That) is a flower.
.in
tat puñpam
.co
tt! icÇm!, = It(That) is a picture.
tat citram
o
ho
tt! )lm!, = It(That) is a fruit.
tat phalam
ya
tt! vnm!, = It(That) is a forest.
@
tat vanam
ao
tt! c³m!, = It(That) is a wheel.
tat cakram
nr
tt! imÇm!, = It(That) is a friend.
ry
cto
tat mitram
do

O"
tat pustakam
tt! ikm!? = What is it(that)?
RA
tat kim?
N.
tat pustakam
Y.
r.
"D
15
.in
tat pätram
.co
tat kim?
o
ho
tat pätram
ya
@
ao
tat netram
tat kim? nr
ry
cto
tat netram
do

O"
tat dhanam
RA
tat kim?
N.
tat dhanam
Y.
r.
"D
16
.in
tat puñpam
.co
tat kim?
o
ho
tat puñpam
ya
@
ao
tat citram
tat kim? nr
ry
cto
tat citram
do

O"
tat phalam
RA
tat kim?
tt!
N.
tat phalam
Y.
r.
"D
17
.in
tat vanam
.co
tat kim?
o
ho
tat vanam
ya
@
ao
tat cakram
tat kim? nr
ry
cto
tat cakram
do

O"
tat mitram
RA
tat kim?
N.
tat mitram
Y.
***
r.
"D
18
A_yas> - abhyäsaù):
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-2::EXERCISE (A_yas>
.in
[NOTE: Please complete this Exercise and keep it with you.
.co
The ‘KEY’ for this Exercise will be sent along with the next
Module, when you can verify the Correctness or Otherwise of
your Answers!]
o
ho
Q.11.: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:-
ya
01 He(That) is Rama.
@
..................................................................................................
ao
02 He(That) is a student.
nr
...................................................................................................
ry
03. He(That) is an elephant.
cto
...................................................................................................
do
04. She(That) is a girl.

O"
...................................................................................................
RA
05. She(That) is a Goddess.
...................................................................................................
N.
06. She(That) is a creeper.

Y.
...................................................................................................
r.
"D
19
07. It(That) is a vessel.
.in
...................................................................................................
.co
08. It(That) is a flower.
o
...................................................................................................
ho
09. It(That) is a forest.
ya
@
...................................................................................................
ao
10. What is it(that)?
nr
...................................................................................................
ry
cto
2.: Translate the following sentences into English:-

Q.2
do
01. s> balk>,

O"
..................................................................................................
RA
02. s> AXyapk>,

...................................................................................................
N.
03. s> dev>,

Y.
...................................................................................................
r.
04. sa DaÇa,
"D
..................................................................................................
20
05. sa mala,
.in
...................................................................................................
.co
06. sa paQzala,
o
...................................................................................................
ho
07. tt! neÇm!,
ya
..................................................................................................
@
08. tt! icÇm!,
ao
nr
...................................................................................................
ry
09. tt! c³m!,
cto
...................................................................................................
do
10. sa ka?
ka
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
***
N.
Y.
r.
"D
21
‘KEY’
.in
A_yas> - abhyäsaù):
LEARN SANSKRIT—MODULE-1::EXERCISE (A_yas>
.co
Q.11.: Fill-in the blanks in the following sentences and
o
underline the word(s) concerned:-
ho
01. The Sanskrit Language is written in the script called the
ya
devnagrI)
Devanägaré (de nagrI Script.
@
02. The Devanagari Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet.
ao
'œ |! [! n!
03. The last letters of each of the first five groups ('œ
nr
m! ) are called the Nasal Consonants.
ry
cto
04. Consonants can never be pronounced alone.

do
’ is inherent in each of the Consonants.

05. The Vowel ‘
O"
’ has no separate Sign or Symbol .

06. The Vowel ‘
RA
07. A ‘Conjunct’ means a Compound Letter .
08. A ‘Conjunct Consonant’ is formed by joining two or more

N.
Consonants together.
Y.
09. The principle behind making Conjuncts in Devanagari

(Sanskrit) Script is that the first letter in the
combination is to be made half and the second letter is
r.
to be added to it in full .
"D
22
10. For the Full Stop a Vertical Line is used in the
.in
Devanagari Script.
.co
2.: Identify the following ‘Old Forms’ of the Letters and
Q.2
o
write their ‘Standard Forms’ against each of them:-
ho
OLD FORM STANDARD FORM
ya
@

ao
nr
o
ry
cto
do
/D
O"
RA

N.
Y.
r.
"D
23
"D
r.
Y.
N.
RA
x
z
O"
do
24
***
cto
ry
nr

ao

@
ya
ho
o .co
.in

&#39;Learn Sanskrit Module 2&#39; Round 8

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Dr. Y.N. RAO

lta (F) = Creeper

puStkm! (N) = Book

Abbreviations: M = Masculine Gender;

F = Feminine Genger; N = Neuter Gender

ramaE (D) = Two Ramas

rama> (P) = Many(More than two) Ramas

Abbreviations: S = Singular Number; D = Dual Number;

ikm! (N.S.) = What?

sIta (F.S.) = Sita bala (F.S.) = Girl

DaÇa (F.S.)= Female student devta (F.S.) = Goddess

mala (F.S.) = Garland lta (F.S.) = Creeper

F.S. = Feminine Singular;

s> hr>, = He(That) is Lord Shiva.

s> dev>, = He(That) is a God.

s> bal>, = He(That) is a boy.

s> balk>, = He(That) is a boy.

s> balk>, = He(That) is a boy.

s> DaÇ>, = He(That) is a male student.

s> dev>, = He(That) is a God.

sa DaÇa, = She(That) is a female student.

sa devta, = She(That) is a Goddess.

sa bala, = She(That) is a girl.

sa bala, = She(That) is a girl.

sa DaÇa, = She(That) is female student.

sa lta, = She(That) is a creeper.

tt! puStkm!, = It(That) is a book.

tt! paÇm!, = It(That) is a vessel.

tt! neÇm!, = It(That) is an eye.

PATTERN DRILL (êpa_yas>

tt! puStkm!, = It(That) is a book.

tt! xnm!, = It(That) is money.

tt! )lm!, = It(That) is a fruit.

tt! imÇm!, = It(That) is a friend.

04. She(That) is a girl.

05. She(That) is a Goddess.

06. She(That) is a creeper.

2.: Translate the following sentences into English:-

01. s> balk>,

02. s> AXyapk>,

03. s> dev>,

04. Consonants can never be pronounced alone.

’ is inherent in each of the Consonants.

’ has no separate Sign or Symbol .

07. A ‘Conjunct’ means a Compound Letter .

08. A ‘Conjunct Consonant’ is formed by joining two or more

09. The principle behind making Conjuncts in Devanagari

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'Learn Sanskrit Module 2' Round 8

'Learn Sanskrit Module 2' Round 8

’ is inherent in each of the Consonants.

’ has no separate Sign or Symbol .