University of Duhok-Duhok

College of Engineering

Water Resource department

Second Year

Group –A-

Strength of Material
(Macaulay’s method for slope and deflection)
Introduction of Macaulay method:-
Macaulay's method (The double integration method) is a
technique used in structural analysis to determine the deflection
of Euler-Bernoulli beams. Use of Macaulay's technique is very
convenient for cases of discontinuous and/or discrete loading
and also Macaulay’s Method is a means to find the equation that
describes the deflected shape of a beam. From this equation, any
deflection of interest can be found. Macaulay’s Method enables
us to write a single equation for bending moment for the full
length of the beam. When coupled with the Euler-Bernoulli
theory, we can then integrate the expression for bending moment
to find the equation for deflection. Before looking at the
deflection of beams, there are some preliminary results needed
and these are introduced here.

Macaulay’s method is a means to find the equation that

describes the deflected shape of a beam

From this equation, any deflection of interest can be found

Macaulay’s method enables us to write a single equation for

bending moment for the full length of the beam
When coupled with the Euler-Bernoulli theory, we can then
integrate the expression for bending moment to find the equation
for deflection using the double integration method.

Macaulay’s Method allow us to ‘turn off’ partial of moment

function when the value inside a bracket in that function is zero
or negative.

Introduction of slope and deflection :-

Loaded beams will deflect and the deflection will have a slope
associated with it. This lecture will develop equations that will
allow these two parameters to be found for a limited number of
cases
When we use Macaulay’s method?
When the loading on a beam does not conform to ‘standard
loading’ it becomes difficult to use the above double integral
method. The reason for this is that some of the loads may be
within the limits of x during the derivation of the bending
moment, but not during the solution at a particular point along
the beam. Macaulay’s method makes it possible to do the
integration necessary by placing all the terms containing x in
square brackets and then integrate the bracket not just the x
term. Any bracket that ends up negative during evaluation is
ignored since this means that the load it refers to is not within
the limit of x.
Example:

A simply supported beam is subjected to point load and uniformly

distributed load as shown in Diagram. Calculate slope and deflection at
point C by Using Macaulay Method in term of EI.
40kN
15kN/m

A D
B C

2m 1m 7m
m

MD = 0,
FAY(10) – 15(7)(1/2 (7)) – 40(8) = 0,
10 FAY = 320 + 367.5
10 FAY = 687.5 kN
FAY = 68.75 kN

Moment equation:-
Mx = EI d2y = 68.75 [x] - 40 [x-2] – 15 [x - 3]2
dx2 2

slope equation :-
EI dy = 68.75 [x]2 - 40 [x-2]2 – 15 [x - 3]3 + C1
dx 2 2 6
Deflection equation :-
EI y = 68.75[x]3 - 40 [x-2]3 – 15 [x - 3]4 + C1x + C2
6 6 24

Boundary condition :-
X = 0, y = 0, C2 =0
X = 10m , y = 0, C1 = ?

EI (0) = 68.75[10]3 - 40 [8]3 – 15 [7]4 + 10C1

6 6 24
0 = 11458.33 – 3413.33 – 1500.63 + 10C1
C1 = 6544.37 /-10
C1 = -654.44.

General Equation :-

slope equation :-
EI dy = 68.75 [x]2 - 40 [x-2]2 – 15 [x - 3]3 - 654.44
dx 2 2 6

Deflection equation :-
EI y = 68.75[x]3 - 40 [x-2]3 – 15 [x - 3]4 - 654.44x
6 6 24
Slope and Deflection at point C :-

X=3m,

slope:-
EI dy = 68.75 [3]2 - 40 [1]2 – 15 [0]3 - 654.44
dx 2 2 6
EI dy = 309.375 – 20 - 654.44
dx
dy = – 365.065
dx EI

Deflection :-
EI y = 68.75[3]3 - 40 [1]3 – 15 [0]4 - 654.44(3)
6 6 24
EI y = 309.375 - 6.667 – 1963.32
y = – 1660.612
EI