Stainless Steel grade AISI 321

Grade 321 is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel similar to Type

304 but with a titanium addition of at least five times the carbon
content. This titanium addition reduces or prevents carbide
precipitation during welding and in 800 – 1500 °F (427 – 816 °C)
service. It also improves the elevated temperature properties of the
alloy.

Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with a higher carbon

content, to provide improved high temperature strength.

Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and

so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply
for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However 304L
has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the
requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about
500°C.

Grade 321 provides excellent resistance to oxidation and

corrosion and possesses good creep strength. It is used primarily in
applications involving continuous and intermittent service
temperatures within the carbide precipitation range of 800 – 1500 °F
(427 – 816 °C).

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Chemical Properties

321 321H 347

Composition
(%) (%) (%)
Carbon 0.08 max. 0.04-0.10 0.08 max.
Manganese 2.00 max. 2.00 max. 2.00 max.
Phosphorus 0.045 max. 0.045 max. 0.045 max.
Sulfur 0.030 max. 0.030 max. 0.030 max.
Silicon 0.75 max. 0.75 max. 0.75 max.
Chromium 17.00 – 19.00 17.00 – 19.00 17.00 – 19.00
Nickel 9.00 – 12.00 9.00 – 12.00 9.00 – 13.00
Nitrogen 0.10 max. - -
Other Ti 0.7 max. Ti 0.7 max. Nb 1.0 max.

Mechanical Properties

Yield Strength Hardness

Tensile Strength Elongation
Grade 0.2% Proof (MPa) Rockwell B Brinell (HB) max
(MPa) min (% in 50mm) min
min (HR B) max
321 515 205 40 95 217
321H 515 205 40 95 217
347 515 205 40 95 201

Physical Properties

Elastic Mean Coefficient of Thermal Thermal Specific Electrical

Density
Grade Modulus Expansion Conductivity Heat 0-100° Resistivity
(kg/m3)
(GPa) (μm/m/°C) (W/m.K) C (J/kg.K) (nΩ.m)
321 8027 193 16.6 17.2 18.6 16.1 22.2 500 720

Grade Specification Comparison

Old British Euronorm

Grade UNS No GOST Name Swedish SS Japanese JIS
BS No
321 S32100 321S31 08KH18N10T 1.4541 X6CrNiTi18-10 2337 SUS 321
321H S32109 321S51 12KH18N10T 1.4878 X10CrNiTi18-10 - SUS 321H
347 S34700 347S31 - 1.455 X6CrNiNb18-10 2338 SUS 347

Typical uses include annealing covers, high-temperature tempering equipment, diesel and heavy duty automotive
exhaust systems, firewalls, stack liners, boiler casings, welded pressure vessels, jet aircraft components, radiant
superheaters, bellows and oil refinery equipment.

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