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PROJECT IN MATHEMATICS
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by JM C. Villanueva

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1. Acute angle – An angle which measures 6. Arc – A set of points that lie on a circle
below 90°. and that are positioned within a central
angle.

Ex:

2. Acute triangle – A triangle containing only

acute angles.

Ex:

7. Area – The space contained within a shape.

The area is 15 units square.

Ex:

3. Additive inverse – The opposite of a

number or its negative. A number plus its
additive inverse equals 0.

Ex:

8. Average – The numerical result of dividing

the sum of two or more quantities by the
number of quantities.
Ex:

4. Adjacent angles – Angles with a common

side and vertex.
Ex:

9. Binomial – An expression in algebra that

consists of two terms.

Ex: Ex: 3x + 5

5. Angle – Created by two rays and containing 10. Bisect – To divide into two equal sections.

an endpoint in common.

Ex:
Ex:

1
11. Canceling – In multiplication of fractions, 16. Coefficient – A number that is placed in
when one number is divided into both a front of a variable.
numerator and a denominator.
Ex: In 6x, 6 is the coefficient.

17. Common denominator – A number that can

Ex: be divided evenly by all denominators in the
problem.
12. Cartesian coordinates – Ordered number
pairs that are assigned to points on a plane. Ex: In number 4 and 7, the common
denominator is 28.

18. Complementary angles – Two angles in

which the sum of their measurements
equals 90°.

Ex:

13. Chorbd – A line segment that connects two

points on a circle.

Ex:

19. Complex fraction – A fraction that

contains a fraction or fractions in the
numerator and/or denominator.

14. Circle – A set of points that are all the

same distance from a given point.

Ex:

20. Congruent – Exactly the same. Identical in

regard to size and shape

Ex:

15. Circumference – The distance measured

around a circle. Ex:

21. Coordinate graph – Two perpendicular

number lines, the x axis and the y axis,
which make a plane upon which each point is
assigned a pair of numbers.
Ex:

2
 circle. Also, the length of this segment.

Ex:

28. Difference – That which results from

Ex: subtraction.
Ex: 108 − 20 = 88

22. Cube – A solid with six sides, with the 29. Equation – A relationship between symbols

sides being equal squares and the edges and/or numbers that is balanced.

being equal. Also, the resulting number 2

Ex: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 = 𝑐2
when a number is multiplied by itself twice.
30. Equilateral triangle – A triangle that has
three equal angles and three sides the
same length.

Ex:
23. Cube root – A number that when multiplied
by itself twice gives the original number.
For example, 4 is the cube root of 64.
Ex:
31. Even number – An integer which can be
divided by 2, with no remainder.

24. Decimal fraction – Fraction with a 40 4088

Ex: = 20, = 2044
denominator of 10, 100, 1,000, etc., written 2 2

using a decimal point. 32. Expanded notation – To point out the place
23
Ex: 100
= 0.23 value of a digit by writing the number as
the digit times its place value.
25. Degree – The measurement unit of an
Ex: 327 = (3 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (7 × 1)
angle.
Ex: 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° 33. Exponent – A positive or negative number
that expresses the power to which the
26. Denominator – The bottom symbol or
quantity is to be raised or lowered. It is
number of a fraction.
placed above and to the right of the
𝑥
Ex: number.
𝑦
Ex: 28 Exponent

27. Diameter – A line segment that contains

the center and has its endpoints on the

3
34. Exterior angle – In a triangle, an exterior 39. Hypotenuse – In a right triangle it is the
angle is equal to the measures of the two side opposite from the 90° angle.
interior angles added together.

Ex:

Ex: 40. Imaginary number – The square root of a

negative number.
35. Factor – As a noun, it is number that is Ex: √−25 = 5𝑖 √−4 = 2𝑖
multiplied by another. As a verb, it means
to find two or more values whose product 41. Improper fraction – A fraction in which
equals the original value. the numerator is larger than the
denominator.
Ex: In 2 × 6 = 12, 2 and 6 are factors of 12.
203
Ex:
36. F.O.I.L. Method – A method used for 2
multiplying binomials in which the first
42. Integer – A whole number. It may be
terms, the outside terms, the inside terms,
positive, negative, or zero.
and then the last terms are multiplied.
Ex: 203, −47, 0 are all examples of
integers.

43. Interior angles – Angles formed inside the

shape or inside two parallel lines.

Ex:

37. Fraction – A symbol which expresses part

of a whole. It contains a numerator and a
denominator.
25
Ex:
3

38. Greatest common factor – The largest Ex:

factor that is common to two or more
44. Intersecting lines – Lines that come
numbers.
together at a point.

Ex:
Ex:

4
45. Interval – The numbers that are contained 50. Lowest common denominator – The smallest
within two specific boundaries. number that can be divided evenly by all
denominators in the problem.
2 1 1
Ex: The LCD of , , is 10.
3 5 2

51. Mean – The average of a number of items

Ex:
in a group (total the items and divide by
46. Irrational number – A number that is not the number of items).
rational (cannot be written as a fraction
x/y, with x a natural number and y an
integer).
Ex: 𝜋 = 3.1415926 …

47. Isosceles triangle – A triangle with two Ex:

equal sides and two equal angles across
from them. 52. Median – The middle item in an ordered
group. If the group has an even number of
items, the median is the average of the
two middle terms.

Ex: In 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 the median is

Ex: 4+5
2
= 4.5.
48. Least common multiple – The smallest
53. Mixed number – A number containing both
multiple that is common to two or more
a whole number and a fraction.
numbers.
3
Ex: 25
54. Monomial – An expression in algebra that
consists of only one term.
Ex: 2𝑥, 5𝑦
Ex:
55. Natural number – A counting number.
49. Linear equation – An equation where the Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
solution set forms a straight line when it is
plotted on a coordinate graph. 56. Negative number – A number less than
zero.
Ex: −1, −2, − 3, − 4, − 5, − 6, − 7, − 8

57. Nonlinear equation – An equation where the

solution set does not form a straight line
when it is plotted on a coordinate graph.

Ex:

5

Ex:
58. Number line – A visual representation of
the positive and negative numbers and
zero.
Ex:
59. Numerator – The top symbol or number of
a fraction.
3 meet.
Ex:
5
60. Obtuse angle – An angle which is larger
than 90° but less than 180°.
Ex:
61. Obtuse triangle – A triangle which contains
an obtuse angle.
Ex:
62. Odd number – An integer (whole number)
that is not divisible evenly by 2.
Ex: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
63. Ordered pair – Any pair of elements (x,y)
where the first element is x and the
second element is y. These are used to
6
identify or plot points on coordinate
graphs.
Ex: (3,5)
64. Origin – The intersection point of the two
number lines of a coordinate graph. The
intersection point is represented by the
coordinates (0,0).
Ex:
65. Parallel lines – Two or more lines which are
always the same distance apart. They never
Ex:
66. Percentage – A common fraction with 100
as its denominator.
Ex:10%, 23%, 88%
67. Perpendicular lines – Two lines which
intersect at right angles.
Ex:
68. Pi (π) – A constant that is used for
determining the circumference or area of a
circle. It is equal to approximately 3.14.
69. Polynomial – An expression in algebra that
consists of two or more terms.
Ex: 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 2 − 3
70. Positive number – A number greater than
zero.

Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

71. Power – A product of equal factors. 3 x 3 x

3 = 33, read as “three to the third power”
or “the third power of three.” Power and
exponent can be used interchangeably.
Ex:
72. Prime number – A number that can be
divided by only itself and one. 77. Quadratic equation – An equation that may
Ex: 1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 17 be expressed as 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0.
Ex: 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8 = 0
73. Proper fraction – A fraction in which the
numerator is less than the denominator. 78. Radical sign – A symbol that designates a
1 2 3 square root.
Ex: , ,
2 3 5
Ex: √121
74. Proportion – Written as two equal ratios.
For example, 5 is to 4 as 10 is to 8, or 5/4 79. Radius – A line segment where the
= 10/8. endpoints lie one at the center of a circle
and one on the circle. The term also refers
75. Pythagorean theorem – A theorem to the length of this segment.
concerning right triangles. It states that
the sum of the squares of a right triangle’s
two legs is equal to the square of the
hypotenuse (a2 + b2 = c 2 ).
Ex: Ex:

80. Ratio – A comparison between two numbers

or symbols. May be written x:y, x/y, or x is
to y.
Ex: 5:10

81. Rational number – An integer or fraction

such as 7/7 or 9/4 or 5/1. Any number
that can be written as a fraction x/y with
76. Quadrants – The four divisions on a x a natural number and y an integer.
coordinate graph. Ex: 5, 0.25,
1
3

82. Reciprocal – The multiplicative inverse of a

number. For example, 2/3 is the reciprocal
of 3/2.

7
83. Reducing – Changing a fraction into its 92. Square root – The number which when
lowest terms. For example, 3/6 is reduced multiplied by itself gives you the original
to ½. number. For example, 6 is the square root
of 36.
84. Right angle – An angle which measures 90°.
93. Straight angle – An angle which is equal to
180°.

Ex: 94. Straight line – The shortest distance

between two points. It continues
85. Right triangle – A triangle which contains a
indefinitely in both directions.
90° angle.

Ex:
Ex:
86. Scalene triangle – A triangle in which none
95. Supplementary angles – Two angles that
of the sides or angles are equal.
when combined the sum equals 180°.

96. Term – A literal or numerical expression

that has its own sign.

97. Transversal – A line which crosses two or

Ex:
more parallel or nonparallel lines in a plane.
87. Scientific notation – A number between 1
98. Triangle – A three-sided closed figure. It
and 10 and multiplied by a power of 10.
contains three angles that when combined
Used for writing very large or very small
the sum equals 180°.
numbers.

Ex: 2.346 × 10−2

88. Set – A group of objects, numbers, etc.

89. Simplify – To combine terms into fewer

terms. Ex:

90. Solution, or Solution set – The entirety of 99. Trinomial – An expression in algebra which
answers that may satisfy the equation. consists of three terms.

91. Square – The resulting number when a

number is multiplied by itself. Also, a
four-sided figure with equal sides and four
right angles. The opposite sides are Ex:
parallel.
100.Unknown – A symbol or letter whose value

8
 is unknown. 107. Y-axis – The vertical axis on a coordinate
graph.
101. Variable – A symbol that stands for a
number. 108. Y-coordinate – The second number in an
ordered pair. It refers to the distance on
102. Vertical angles – The opposite angles that
the y-axis.
are formed by the intersection of two
lines. Vertical angles are equal.

Ex:

103. Volume – The amount which can be held,

as measured in cubic units. The volume of a
rectangular prism = length times width
times height.

104. Whole number – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

etc.

105. X-axis – The horizontal axis on a

coordinate graph.

Ex:

106. X-coordinate – The first number in an

ordered pair. It refers to the distance on
the x-axis.

Ex: