DESIGN OF COOLING TOWER (Forced-Draft Type)

Design conditions:

Temperature of entering water (T1)------------------------------------ 30℃

Temperature of leaving water (T2)------------------------------------- 25℃

Condition of entering air------------------------------------------------ 26℃ (65% RH)

Condition of leaving air------------------------------------------------- 32℃ (98% RH)s

Temperature of make-up water (T5)----------------------------------- 23℃

Barometric Pressure----------------------------------------------------- 101.325 KPa

Note: MW1 = MW2 = MW5

MW3 = MW4 = MWA

A. Amount of cooling water, MW

MW = MW(condenser) + MW(compressor)

kg kg
= 3.4402 + 5.7237 ×10-3
second second

kg
MW = 3.4459
second
 B. Air properties: (Psychrometric Chart)

 at 26°C, 65% R.H.

KJ kg
h3 = 61 ; ------ HR3 = 0.013
kg kg

 at 32°C, 98% R.H.

KJ kg
h4 = 108 ; ------ HR4 = 0.029
kg kg

C. Mass of air, MWA

Mass of balance of air

(𝑀𝑊𝐴 )(ℎ4 − ℎ3 ) − (𝑀𝑊 )(𝑐𝑝𝐻2𝑂 )(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 )

𝑀𝑤5 =
(𝑐𝑝𝐻2𝑂 )(𝑇5 )

𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝐾𝐽
(𝑀𝑊𝐴 ) (108 − 61 ) − [(3.4459 ) (4.1866 ) (30℃ − 25℃)]
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑀𝑤5 =
𝐾𝐽
(4.1866 ) (23℃)
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

𝐾𝐽
47 (𝑀 ) − 72.1330 𝐾𝑊
𝑘𝑔 𝑊𝐴
𝑀𝑤5 =
𝐾𝐽
96.2918
𝑘𝑔

𝑀𝑤5 = 𝑀𝑊𝐴 (𝐻𝑅4 − 𝐻𝑅3 )

𝑀𝑤5
𝑀𝑊𝐴 =
(𝐻𝑅4 − 𝐻𝑅3 )
 𝐾𝐽
47 (𝑀 ) − 72.1330 𝐾𝑊
𝑘𝑔 𝑊𝐴
( 𝐾𝐽 )
96.2918
𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑊𝐴 =
(0.029 − 0.013)

kg
MWA = 1.5868
sec.

D. Mass of make – up water, MW5

𝑀𝑤5 = 𝑀𝑊𝐴 (𝐻𝑅4 − 𝐻𝑅3 )

MW5 = 1.5868 kg (0.029- 0.013)

sec.

kg
MW5 = 0.0254
sec.

E. Volume flow rate of air, VAIR

Use the ideal gas constant; PV =MRT

at saturated temperature 26°C (from steam table)

PSATURATED = 3.363 KPa

PATMOSPHERIC = 101.325 KPa

0.28708KJ
RAIR =
kg * K

𝑀𝑊𝐴 (𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑟 )(𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟 )

𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟 =
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡
 TAIR = 273 K + 26°C = 299 K

MWA = 1.5868 kg
sec.

𝑀𝑊𝐴 (𝑅𝐴𝐼𝑅 )(𝑇𝐴𝐼𝑅)

VAIR = (𝑃
𝐴𝑇𝑀𝑂𝑆𝑃𝐻𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐶 − 𝑃𝑆𝐴𝑇𝑈𝑅𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐷 )

1.5868𝑘𝑔 0.28708𝐾𝐽
( )( )(299 𝐾)
𝑠𝑒𝑐. 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾
VAIR = (101.325 𝐾𝑃𝑎− 3.363 𝐾𝑃𝑎 )

1.3904m3
VAIR =
second

F. Cooling tower range , CTR

CTR = T (H2O)entering – T (H2O)leaving

CTR = 30 OC - 25 OC

CTR = 5 °C

G. Cooling tower approach , CTA

CTA= T (cold water) – T (wet bulb)

CTA = 25OC - 21 OC

CTA = 4 OC
H. Cooling tower efficiency, CTE

𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸
CTE = ( )(100%)
𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸+𝐴𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐻

(𝑇𝐻𝑂𝑇 𝑊𝐴𝑇𝐸𝑅 )−(𝑇𝐶𝑂𝐿𝐷 𝑊𝐴𝑇𝐸𝑅 )

CTE = (𝑇𝐶𝑂𝐿𝐷 𝑊𝐴𝑇𝐸𝑅 )−(𝑇𝑊𝐸𝑇 𝐵𝑈𝐿𝐵 )
(100%)

30°𝐶−25°𝐶
=( ) (100%)
25°𝐶−21°𝐶

CTE = 55.5556 %