Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1

On a bond paper, answer the following questions. Solution must be written in engineering
lettering. Final answers are displayed with 3 decimal places. Boxed your final answer, and
erasure is not allowed.

1. A body weighs 1000 lbf when exposed to a standard earth gravity g = 32.174 ft/s2. (a) What
is its mass in kg? (b) What will the weight of this body be in N if it is exposed to the moon’s
standard acceleration gmoon = 1.62 m/s2? (c) How fast will the body accelerate if a net force
of 400 lbf is applied to it on the moon or on the earth?
- Given:
W = 1000 lbf
g = 32.174 ft/s2
a) Mass in kg
𝑊𝑘 1000𝑙𝑏
𝑚= = = 30.081 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
𝑔 𝑓𝑡
32.174
𝑠
𝑙𝑏
𝑚 = 30.081 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 × 32.174 = 1000 𝑙𝑏
𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
1 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 1000 𝑙𝑏 × = 453.515𝑘𝑔
2.205 𝑙𝑏
b) Weight in the moon
𝑚
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 = (453.515 𝑘𝑔 ) 1.62 = 734.694
𝑠
c) acceleration if a net force of 400 lbf is applied
400 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 𝑚
𝑎= = 13.729 𝑜𝑟 4.054
𝑙𝑏 − 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
30.081
𝑓𝑡

2. A compressed air tank has a volume of 0.85 m3. When the tank is filled with a gauge
pressure of 3 bar, determine density of air and weight of air in the tank. Assume
temperature of air 15°C.
- Given:
V = 0.85 m3 Req’d:
P = 3 Bar = 300 kPa 𝜌 ,𝑊
T=15oC+273=288 K
- Solution:
𝑅𝑇 300 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜌 = =
𝑃 𝑘𝐽
0.28708 (288)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 3.628
𝑚
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Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1
For the weight
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑊 = 𝜌𝑔𝑉 = 3.628 9.80065 (0.85 𝑚 )
𝑚 𝑠
𝑊 = 30.245 𝑁
3. Estimate 𝜌 of steam at 100 lbf/in2 and 400°F consider a perfect-gas approximation.
- Given: Required:
P = 100 lbf/in2 density of steam considering
T = 400°F + 460 = 860°R a perfect-gas approximation
Rair = 53.3 ft/°R
- Solution:
Solving for the molecular weight of steam
𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
1545.32 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
𝑝𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝑅
𝑅 = = 85.851
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑅
(2 + 16)
𝑝𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛
𝑃 100 144
𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝜌= =
𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
85.851 (860°R)
𝑙𝑏 − °𝑅
𝑙𝑏
𝜌 = 0.195
𝑓𝑡
4. A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20°C and 200 kPa.
Determine the mole number and the mass of the helium in the balloon.
- Given: Spherical balloon - Req’d:
D = 6m n & mass of helium
T = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P = 200 kPa
- Solution:
Solving for volume
𝜋
𝑉= (6 𝑚) = 113.097 𝑚
6
Solving for the number of moles
𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅 𝑇
𝑘𝑁
𝑝𝑉 200 (113.097 𝑚 )
𝑛= = 𝑚
𝑅𝑇 𝑘𝐽
8.314 (293 𝐾)
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
𝑛 = 9.285 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
For the mass of Helium
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Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 𝑛𝑀𝑊 = (9.285 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙) 4
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 37.141 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑢𝑚
5. Air is introduced through a nozzle into a tank of water to form a stream of bubbles. If the
bubbles are intended to have a diameter of 2 mm, calculate by how much the pressure of air
at the nozzle must exceed that of surrounding water. Assume 𝜎 = 72.7 x 10-3 Nlm.
- Given:
N
σ = 72.7 × 10
𝑚
D = 2 mm
- Solution:
N
4𝜎 4 72.7 × 10 𝑚
Δ𝑃 = =
𝐷 2 × 10 𝑚
𝑁
Δ𝑃 = 145.400
𝑚
- It is needed 145.4 Pa of air pressure at the tip to exceed surrounding water pressure.
6. A 50-cm x 30-cm x 20-cm block weighing 150 N is to be moved at a constant velocity of 0.8
m/s on an inclined surface with a friction coefficient of 0.27. (a) Determine the force F that
needs to be applied in the horizontal direction. (b) If a 0.4-mm-thick oil film with a dynamic
viscosity of 0.012 Pa - s is applied between the block and inclined surface, determine the
percent reduction in the required force.

-Solution:

o
20

2
V = 0.08 m/s

FR

F f

o
FN
20
W = 150 N

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Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1

a) Force required to be applied in horizontal Direction

Σ𝐹 = 0
𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 𝑊 = 0
Where 𝐹 = 𝑓𝐹
𝐹 (𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − 𝑓𝑠𝑖𝑛20°) = 𝑊
𝐹 (𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − 0.27𝑠𝑖𝑛20°) = 150 𝑁
150 𝑁
𝐹 = = 177.096 𝑁
0.847
Σ𝐹 = 0
𝐹 − 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° = 0
𝐹 − 𝐹 (𝑠𝑖𝑛20° + 𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑠20°) = 0
𝐹 = 177.096𝑁(𝑠𝑖𝑛20° + 0.27𝑐𝑜𝑠20°)
𝐹 = 105.503 𝑁
b) Percent reduction when 0.4-mm-thick oil film is applied between the block and inclined
surface
Σ𝐹 = 0
𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 𝑊 = 0
Where viscous force = 𝐹 = 𝜇𝐴( )
𝑉
𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − 𝜇𝐴( )𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 𝑊 = 0
ℎ

𝑚
0.8
𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° − (0.012 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠)(0.5𝑚)(0.2𝑚) 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 150𝑁 = 0
0.4 × 10 𝑚

𝐹 = 160.503 𝑁
Σ𝐹 = 0
𝐹 − 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° − 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° = 0
𝑚
0.8
𝐹 − (160.503 𝑁)𝑠𝑖𝑛 20° − (0.012 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠)(0.5𝑚)(0.2𝑚) 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° = 0
0.4 × 10 𝑚

𝐹 = 57.151 𝑁
For percent reduction in applied force
105.503 − 55.151
%𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100%
105.503
%𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 45.830%
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Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1
7. A piston is moving through a cylinder at a speed of 18 ft/s. The film of oil separating the

piston from the cylinder has a viscosity of 0.021 . What is the force required to maintain

this motion.

-Given: - Required:
V = 18 ft/s Force required to maintain motion

𝜇 = 0.021

- Solution:
𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛
𝑉 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑠 18 × 12 4.99 3
𝑠 𝑓𝑡
𝐹=𝜇 (𝐴) − 0.21 (𝜋) 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
ℎ 𝑓𝑡 0.005 𝑖𝑛 12 12

𝐹 = 296.287 𝑙𝑏
8. A shaft 70 mm diameter is pushed at a speed of 450 mm/s through a bearing sleeve 73 mm
in diameter and 252 mm long. The clearance, assumed uniform, is filled with at 20 OC with
v= 0.005 m2/ s ang s.g. = 0.9. Find the force exerted by the oil on the shaft.
- Given: - Required:
Ds = 70 mm L = 252 mm force exerted by the oil on the shaft
v = 450 mm/s 𝜈 =0.005
DB = 73mm s.g. = 0.9
- Solution:
Solving for film thickness
73 − 70
ℎ= 𝑚𝑚 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚
2
Take density of water at 30OC = 998 kg/m3
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜇 = 𝜌(𝑠. 𝑔. )(𝜈) = 998 (0.9)(0.005 )
𝑚 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
𝜇 = 4.491
𝑚−𝑠

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Fluid Mechanics Quiz 1
Then,
𝑚
𝑣 𝑘𝑔 0.45
𝐹=𝜇 𝐴 = 4.491 𝑠 (𝜋)(70 × 10 𝑚)(0.252𝑚)
ℎ 𝑚−𝑠 1.5 × 10 𝑚

𝐹 = 74.667 𝑁
9. At 30OC what diameter glass tube is necessary to keep the capillary – height change of water
less than 2 mm?
- Given: - Required:
t = 30oC h = 2 mm D to keep h = 2mm
𝑁
𝜎 ° = 0.0712
𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 ° = 996
𝑚
- Solution:
4𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
ℎ=
𝜌𝑔𝐷
Take 𝛽= 0 for clean glass-water –air contact
𝑁
(4) 0.0712
𝐷= 𝑚 = 14.579 × 10 𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
996 9.80665 (2 × 10 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠
𝐷 = 14.579 𝑚𝑚
10. The glass tube in figure below is used to measure pressure p1 in the tank. The tube diameter
is 1mm and the water is at 30OC. After correcting surface tension, what is the true water
height in the tube?

- Given: - Required:
t = 30oC D = 1 mm True water height
𝑁
𝜎 ° = 0.0712
𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 ° = 996
𝑚
h = 18 cm
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- Solution:
𝑁
4𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 (4) 0.0712
ℎ= = 𝑚 = 2.915 × 10 𝑚
𝜌𝑔𝐷 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
996 9.80665 (1 × 10 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠
For the water’s true height
ℎ = 17 𝑐𝑚 − 2.915𝑐𝑚
ℎ = 14.085 𝑐𝑚

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