FORMULA FOR CALCULATION FOR LINE LOSSES AS PER REC STANDARD

11 KV Line 33 KV Line
Average Energy Loss in feeder Average Energy Loss in feeder in KWH
0.105 x L x R x P 2 x L.L.F. = Peak power Loss x LLF x 8760
=
2
2 x LDF x (D.F.)
2
R = Resistance of Conductor per Km 3xI R
L = Length of Line in Km Peak Power Loss =
P = Total conducted load in KVA 1000
LLF = Loss load factor Where
LF = Load factor of system R = Resistance of conductor per Km.
D.F. = Diversity Factor I = Max current in the line.
L.D.F. = Load distribution factor
L.L.F. = 0.8 x ( L.F.) 2 + 0.2 x (L.F.)

LINE CLEARANCES
The minimum clearances shall be in accordance with Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 and are given in
Table I.
Table - I, Minimum Clearance ( Values in Meters )
Voltage Category Low & Medium Voltage High Voltage Extra High Voltage
(IE Rules,1956)
Nominal System - Low Upto Upto 66 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV ±500 KV 800 KV
Voltage Clearance 11 KV 33 KV HVDC
1) Clearance to Ground
(a) Across Street 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 7.0 8.80 12.50 12.40
(b) Along Street 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.1 7.0 8.80 12.50 12.40
(c) Other areas Bore Cond. 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.5 6.1 7.0 8.80 12.50 12.40
(d) Other areas Insu. cond. 4.0 4.0 - - - - - - -
2) Clearance to Buildings
(a) Vertical (*) - from 2.5 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.6 5.5 7.30 11.59 10.50
higher object $
(b) Horizantal (+) - from 1.129 1.219 2.0 2.3 2.9 3.80 5.6 10.98 9.20
nearest point.
3) Clearance Between Line crossing each other.
Voltage of 1 st Line Voltage of 2 nd
Line
250V to 66KV 100 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV ± 500KV 800 KV
HVDC
250 V to 66 KV 2.44 2.75 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94
100 KV 2.75 2.75 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94
132 KV 3.05 3.05 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94
220 KV 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94
400 KV 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 6.86 7.94
+ 500 KV HVDC 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 7.94
800 KV 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94

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4) Clearance from Supporting structure of another line
(i) Low or Medium Voltage line 1.210 meters
(ii) High Voltage 1.829 meters.
(iii) Extra High Voltages lines 1.944 meters.
5) The Transmission line corridor requirement for different voltage lines are as follows :
Voltage Level (KV) Corridor Requirement Voltage Level (KV) Corridor Requrement
(meters) (meters)
66 18 220 35
110/100 22 500 HVDC 52
132 27 800 85
6) Tree Clearance :
i. For E.H.V.T. Lines , all tall trees within 12.19 meters on either side.
ii. All bush growth within 6,095 meters on either side to be completed cleared, Grafted fruit trees
which will not grow tall may be left out.
iii. All branches or leaves which are within 0.914 meters from the conductors, neutral and earth wires
in case of L.T. line should be cut.

LINE CLEARANCES
Note :
(1) $ should not cross over/near building.
(2) For all crossings the clearance to be obtained at the worst conditions of / proximity of wires.
(3) The above table has been compiled with the help of Indian Electricity Rules,1956.
(a) ( * ) Vertical clearance to be obtained at maximum still air final sags (at maximum temperature of
ice-loaded conductor at 0 degree Celsius.
(b) ( + ) Horizontal clearance to be obtained at worst load condition with maximum deflected
conductor position, including that insulator string, if any.
(c) ( # ) The Crossing of railways by power lines shall be made at a distance of at least 1.0 km.
beyond the outer signal.

7) Clearance over navigational river.

Low & Medium Voltage High Voltage upto 110 KV Extra Hight Voltage above 110 KV

10.5 meters 19.0 meters 19.0 meter + 1 cm. For every addl. KV
G,U,R, -42011/B(2)86-GDP Dtd. 24/11/84.

8) Clearance over non-navigatinal river.

Voltage Clearance Voltage Clearance
66 KV 3.65 400 KV 6.4
132 KV 4.30 800 KV 9.4
220 KV 5.10 ± 500 KV DC 6.75

Ref : (CBIP Handbook) * Max. height of floating body above HFL = 3.0 meters.

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9) Railway and Telecommunication Line Clearance
Voltage in KV Railway Tracks Telecomm Line
Above Railway Track Above highest level of
Jib of crans
Upto & Incl. 11 KV Normally by Cable
66 14.10 m 2.0 m 2.44 m
132 14.600 m 2.5 m 2.75 m
220 15.40 m 3.5 m 3.05 m
400 17.90 m 6.0 m 4.48 m
800 22.00 m 9.5 m 9.90 m
Ref : (1) Regulations for Power Line Crossing of Railway Tracks 1987.
(2) Code of Practice for protection of Telecommunication Line Crossing with Overhead Power
Lines.

10) Minimum Vertical & Horizontal clearance from Lines for building construction
Voltage Vertical Clearance Horizontal Clearance
11 KV 3.658 Meters 1.200 Meters
33 KV 3.700 Meters 1.829 Meters
66 KV 3.926 Meters 2.133 Meters
100 or 110 KV 4.267 Meters 2.438 Meters
132 KV 4.572 Meters 2.743 Meters
220 KV 5.486 Meters 3.657 Meters
400 KV 7.315 Meters 5.484 Meters

11) Vertical & Horizantal Clearane between Condecters for Long spans.
Vertical Clearance (m) = 0.75 √f 75 + Ix + V Horizontal Clearance (m) = 0.62 √f75 + Ix + V
150 150

f75 - Sag at 75 0c , IK = Length of Insulator String in meters, V = Line Voltage in KV

OUTDOOR SWITCHGEAR AND BUSBAR CLEARANCES

Rated KV Min. Clearance to Min Clearance between Safety, sectional

earth in air, Inches phases in air, Inches Clearance, Inches
(mm) (mm) (mm)
Not exceeding
6.6 5.5 (140) 7 (180) 102 (2590)
11 7 (180) 9 (230) 102 (2590)
22 11 (280) 13 (330) 108 (2745)
33 15 (380) 17 (430) 109 (2770)
66 27 (685) 31 (790) 120 (3050)
110 34 (865) 39 (990) 132 (3350)
132 43 (1070) 48 (1220) 138 (3505)
220 70 (1780) 81 (2060) 168 (4280)

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 BUSBAR CLEARANCE IN OIL OR COMPOUND

Rated voltage between Min. Clearance to earth Clearance between phase

phases of poles (KV) Inches (mm) Min. Inches (mm)

Upto 0.6 0.50 (12) 0.50 (12)

3.3 0.50 (12) 0.75 (20)
6.6 0.75 (20) 1.00 (25)
11 1.00 (25) 1.50 (40)
22 1.75 (45) 2.50 (65)
33 2.50 (65) 3.50 (90)

CLEARANCES IN AIR FOR INDOOR SWITCHGEARS

Rated voltage (KV) Min. length of Insulator Min Clearance to earth Min. Clearance
Inches (mm) inches (mm) between, Inches(mm)

Up to 0.415 3/4 (20) 5/8 (16) 3/4 (20)

0.6 3/4 (20) 3/4 (20) 3/4 (20)
3.3 2 (50) 2 (50) 2 (50)
6.6 3.5 (90) 2.5 (65) 3.5 (90)
11 5 (125) 3 (75) 5 (125)
15 6 (150) 4 (100) 6.5 (165)
22 8 (200) 5.5 (140) 9.5 (240)
33 12 (305) 8.75 (220) 14 (350)

CLEARANCE FOR BARE CONDUCTOR AND LIVE PARTS OF ANY APPARATUS

IN OUTDOOR SUB-STATIONS EXCLUDING OVER HEAD LINES OF HV/EHV INSTALLATIONS
Voltage Ground Clearance Sectional Clearance
(in meters) (in meters)

Not Exceeding 11 KV 2.72 2.6

Not Exceeding 33 KV 3.7 2.8
Not Exceeding 66 KV 4.0 3.0
Not Exceeding 132 KV 4.6 3.5
Not Exceeding 220 KV 5.5 4.3
Not Exceeding 400 KV 8.0 6.5