Architectural Landmarks

1. What were the synthesised features of mosques during the Sultanate period?

A. The dome is the prominent feature of the mosque in contrast to the Sikhar of Hindu temples

B. Arch is the prominent feature of the mosque in contrast to the Sikhar of Hindu temples

C. Grand line of arches is the prominent feature of the mosque in contrast to the Sikhar of Hindu
temples

D. Calligraphy in front of the pillared hall is similar to the temple hall

Ans: A

2. Which of the following Sultanate building contains numerous inscriptions in Arabic and
Nagari characters?

A. Qawatul Islam

B. Qutub Minar

C. Alai Darwaza

D. Tughlabad Fort

Ans: B

GK Questions with Answers on Ilbari Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

3. Who built the Alai Darwaza of Delhi?

A. Qutub-ud-din Aibek

B. Iltutmish

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

Ans: C

4. Which of the following Indo-Islamic structure was designed by Abu Bakr of Herat?

A. Qutub Minar

B. Alai Darwaza

C. Adhai Din Ka Jhopra

D. Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

Ans: C

GK Questions with Answers on Khilji Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

5. Who among the following instituted Mardrassa-i- Nisiri in the memory of Muzziddin
Muhammad Ghori?

A. Qutub-ud-din Aibek

B. Iltutmish

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Balban

Ans: D

6. Which Sultan of Delhi Sultanate built Hauz Khas, a pleasure resort and also built the Kotla
fort?

A. Qutub-ud-din Aibek

B. Firuz Shah Tughlaq

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Balban

Ans: B

GK Questions with Answers on the Lodhi Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

7. Which of the following Structure is the finest example of double dome construction?

A. Alai Darwaza

B. Lodhi Garden

C. Tomb of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya

D. All of the above

Ans: B

8. Which dynasty under Delhi Sultanate used dome and arch, slam and beam, and placed
most of their tombs in the midst of garden?

A. Tughlaq Dynasty

B. Ilbary Dynasty
C. Lodhi Dynasty

D. Sayyid Dynasty

Ans: C

GK Questions with Answers on the Sayyid Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

9. Which of the following sultanate structure built by the prime minister of Sikander Lodhi?

A. Alai Darwaza

B. Jammat Khana Masjid

C. Qawatul Islam

D. Moth ki Masjid

Ans: D

10. Who built the Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq on a high platform which marks a new trend
in architecture for imposing skyline?

A. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

B. Iltutmish

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Qutub-ud-din Aibek

Ans: A

Tughlaq Dynasty

1. Which of the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate died in 1325, from the collapse of wooden
pavilion?

A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

B. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

C. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II

Ans: A
2. What was the real name of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq?

A. Mir Imard

B. Jauna Khan

C. Ghiyasuddin Bahadur

D. Bahrn Aiba Kishlu Khan

Ans: B

3. Who among the following came to seek permission to rebuild Buddhist Monastries, in
the Himalayan region which were destroyed during the Qarachi expedition?

A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

C. Ghiyasuddin Bahadur

D. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

Ans: D

4. Which of the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate sent Ibn Batutah to the court of Chinese
emperor in 1347?

A. Muhammad Shah Tughlaq

B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

C. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II

Ans: C

GK Questions with Answers on Ilbari Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

5. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

I. Established of Diwan-i-Khairat (department for poor and needy people) and Diwan-l-Bundagan
(department of slaves).

II. He died in Thatta while campaigning in Sindh against Taghi, a Turkish slave.

Select the correct statement (s)

A. Only I
B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: B

6. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Firuz Shah Tughlaq

I. Established of Diwan-i-Khairat (department for poor and needy people) and Diwan-l-Bundagan
(department of slaves)

II. Establishment of four new towns, Firuzabad, Fatebabad, Jaunpur and Hissar.

Select the correct statement (s)

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: C

7. Who among the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate make Iqtadari system hereditary?

A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

C. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II

Ans: B
GK Questions with Answers on Khilji Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

8. Name the Sultan of Delhi Sultanate who established four new towns, Firuzabad,
Fatebabad, Jaunpur and Hissar.

A. Muhammad Shah Tughlaq

B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

C. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II
Ans: B

9. Who translated 300 volumes of Sanskrit books of Jwalamukhi temple into Persian under
the title of Dalai-i-Firuz Shahi?

A. Baha-ud-din Gurshap

B. Rana Mall

C. Masrul Haq

D. Aazz-ud-din Khalid Khani

Ans: D

10. Who among the following set up independent Muslim kingdom of Madura?

A. Baha-ud-din Gurshap

B. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II

C. Jalal-ud-din Ahsan Shah

D. Abul Muzaffar Alauddin Bahman Shah

Ans: C

Khilji Dynasty

1. Why was the court Khilji’s was multi-ethnical background of Persian, Indian, Arab and
Turkish origin?

A. Because they adopted the Khura Sanian urbane culture

B. Because they adopted the Turkish Urban Culture

C. Because they adopted the Iranian urbane Culture

D. Because they adopted the policy of Sul-e- kul

Ans: A

2. Who was the founder of Khilji Dynasty?

A. Malik Firoz

B. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Shah

C. Only A

D. Both A & B

Ans: D

3. Who among the following Khilji Sultan made Kilokhari as his capital?

A. Alauddin Khilji

B. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Shah

C. Muhammad-bin Bakhtiyar Khilji

D. Mubarak Khilji

Ans: B

4. Which of the following Khilji’s Sultan abolished all the agrarian and market control
regulations of Alauddin Khilji?

A. Malik Firoz

B. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Shah

C. Muhammad-bin Bakhtiyar Khilji

D. Mubarak Khilji

Ans: D
Architectural Development during Delhi Sultanate Era

5. Who introduced the policy of Dag and Chehra in Military?

A. Khusru Malik

B. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Shah

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Mubarak Khilji

Ans: C

6. Which sultan of Delhi Sultanate fixed the land revenue at half of the produce on the basis
of paimash (measurement) in the Doab?

A. Khusru Malik

B. Jalal-ud-din Firoz Shah

C. Muhammad-bin Bakhtiyar Khilji

D. Alauddin Khilji

Ans: D

7. Which of the following title was referred to as Zamindars by Amir Khusrau for the first
time?

A. Khuts

B. Diwan-i-Mustakharaj

C. Karwanis

D. All of the above

Ans: A

GK Questions with Answers on Revenue System under Delhi Sultanate

8. Which loans were advanced to dig wells and to buy seed and implements?

A. Shiqdhars

B. Sondhar

C. Swarga-dwar

D. Both A & B

Ans: B

9. Who control markets under Alauddin Khilji reign?

A. Karwanis

B. Sarai-Adl

C. Daftar

D. Diwan-i-Riyasat

Ans: D

10. Which was the first ruler of Delhi Sultanate who did not ask for manshur (letter of
investiture) from the Caliph but called himself the duputy of the Caliph?

A. Khusru Malik

B. Alauddin Khilji
C. Muhammad-bin Bakhtiyar Khilji

D. Malik Kafur

Ans: B

Lodhi Dynasty
1. Who was the founder of Agra city?

A. Bahlol Lodhi

B. Sikandar Lodhi

C. Dariya Khan Lohani

D. Dilawar Khan

Ans: B

2. Who among the following served as the Subedar (Governor) of Lahore and Sirhind during
the reign of Muhammad Shah?

A. Sikandar Lodhi

B. Bahlol Lodhi

C. Dariya Khan Lohani

D. Dilawar Khan

Ans: B

3. Which of the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate introduced the system of auditing the
accounts?

A. Sikandar Lodhi

B. Bahlol Lodhi

C. Dariya Khan Lohani

D. Dilawar Khan

Ans: A
GK Questions with Answers on Ilbari Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

4. Who was appointed as the Governor of Bengal after the friendship treaty with Alauddin
Husain Shah?

A. Sikandar Lodhi

B. Bahlol Lodhi

C. Dariya Khan Lohani

D. Dilawar Khan

Ans: C

5. Who was the founder of Lodhi Dynasty?

A. Bahlol Lodhi

B. Sikandar Lodhi

C. Ibrahim Lodhi

D. Dilawar Khan

Ans: A

6. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Buhlul Lodi:

I. He was previously the governor of Sarhind (in Punjab), under the Sultan of Delhi Alauddin Alam,
of the Saiyid Dynasty (1414-1451).

II. He became the Sultan of Delhi on April 19, 1451 under the title of Sultan Abul Muzzaffar Buhlul
Shah Ghazi.

Which is/are correct statement (s)?

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: C

GK Questions with Answers on Revenue System under Delhi Sultanate

7. The markets were controlled by two officers during Alauddin Khilji.

A. Diwan-i-Riyasat and Shahana- i-Mandi

B. Shahana- i-Mandi and Gaz-i-Shikandari

C. Amir-i-Behar and Mustaufi-i-Mamalik

D. Gaz-i-Shikandari and Khazin

Ans: C

8. Who was the only Sultan of India, had been killed on the battle field?

A. Sikander Lodhi

B. Bahlol Lodhi

C. Ibrahim Lodhi

D. Alauddin Hussain Lodhi

Ans: C

9. Which Sultan of Delhi Sultanate broke the sacred images of the Jwalamukhi Temple at
Naga Kot and ordered the temples of Mathura to be destroyed?

A. Sikander Lodhi

B. Bahlol Lodhi

C. Dilawar khan

D. Alauddin Hussain Lodhi

Ans: A

10. Which of the following battle marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India?

A. First Battle of Panipat

B. First Battle of Terrain

C. Battle of Khanua

D. All of the above

Ans: A

Revenue System
1. How many category of land was divided under Delhi Sultanate?

A. Three

B. Four

C. Five

D. Six

Ans: B

2. Who among the following divided the kingdom into iqtas amongst his Amirs and Khalsa
lands that proved the principle source of revenue?

A. Aibak

B. Balban

C. Iltutmish

D. None of the above

Ans: C

3. Which ruler under Delhi Sultanate imposed a grazing tax?

A. Alauddin Khilji

B. Aibak

C. Balban

D. Iltutmish

Ans: A

4. Who among the following was the first ruler to introduce the Iqta system?

A. Alauddin Khilji

B. Aibak

C. Balban

D. Muhammd Ghauri

Ans: D

5. Who created a new department called Diwan-i-Mustakhraj?

A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
B. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Firoz Shah

Ans: C

Architectural Development during Delhi Sultanate Era

6. Who adopted one uniform yard of forty-one digits as the standard unit measurement?

A. Sikandar Lodhi

B. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

C. Alauddin Khilji

D. Firoz Shah

Ans: A

7. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and to declare Delhi as the
capital of his empire?

A. Balban

B. Aram Shah

C. Nasiruddin Mahmud

D. IIitutmish

Ans: D

8. The largest standing army of the Delhi Sultanate directly paid by the State was created
by:

A. Balban

B. IIitutmish

C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq

D. Alauddin Khalji

Ans: D

9. Tax on plunder during war in the Sultanate period was known as:

A. Kharaj
B. Jizya

C. Khums

D. Zakat

Ans: C

10. Who among the following was the revenue officer during Delhi Sultanate?

A. Amir

B. Amil

C. Ariz

D. Barbek

Ans: B

Ilbari Dynasty
The Ilbari Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate was the first dynasty of the Sultanate. Qutub-ud-Din Aibak
was the founder who was bought by Muhammad Ghori and gradually rose to be his trusted general
on account of his soldierly abilities. Here, we are giving 10 GK Questions with Answers on Ilbari
Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate that attune and equipped the aspirants according to the evolving nature
of different competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, IAS-prelims, SSC, CDS, NDA, State
Services, and Railways etc.
1. What does the term Mameluq signifies?

A. Slave born to the free parents

B. Slavery mode of production

C. Slave born from the slave parents

D. All of the above

Ans: A

2. Who among the following ruler from the Ilbary dynasty died of injuries while playing
Chaugan (Polo) at Lahore?

A. Shams-ud-Din Iltutumish

B. Qutub-ud-Din Aibak

C. Razia Begum

D. Rukunuddin Firoz

Ans: B

3. Which of the following literary work primarily dealing with Aibak?

A. Khazain-ul-Futuh

B. Tahkik-i-hind

C. Tazul Masir of Hasan Nizami

D. Turkan-i-Chahalgani

Ans: C

4. Which ruler from the Delhi Sultanate saved Sultante from Changez Khan’s attack by
refusing to give any shelter to Jalal-ud-din?

A. Rukunuddin Firoz

B. Qutub-ud-Din Aibak

C. Nasir-ud-din Mahmud

D. Shams-ud-Din Iltutumish

Ans: D

5. What do you mean by Turkan-i-Chahalgani?

A. Group of forty ruling elite

B. Group of forty ministers

C. Group of forty Islamic representatives

D. None of the above

Ans: A

Architectural Development during Delhi Sultanate Era

6. Who among the following known as the "slave of a slave"?

A. Muhammad bin Qasim

B. Mahmud of Ghazni

C. Ilitutmish

D. Qutub-ud-din Aibak

Ans: C

7. Which of following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate to issue regular currency and to declare
Delhi as the capital of his empire?

A. Balban

B. Aram Shah

C. Nasiruddin Mahmud

D. IIitutmish

Ans: D

8. Which of the following is not correctly matched?

A. Fakhruddin – Qutub-ud-din Aibek

B. Hasan-un-Nizami – Iltutmish

C. Changez Khan- Jala-ud-din

D. Battle of Terrain – Yalduz

Ans: B

9. Assertion (A): Iltutmish introduced reforms in civil administration and army which was now
centrally paid.
Reason (R): Iltutmish was the first Sultan to recognise the economic importance of Gangetic basin

Codes:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. Both A & R is true

Ans: D

10. Who among the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate adopted a policy of blood and iron?

A. Iltutmish

B. Nasir-ud-din Mahmud

C. Balban

D. Kaiqubad

Ans: C

Sayyid Dynasty
Khizra Khan established the Sayyid Dynasty who was a descendant of the Prophet Mohammad,
but the conclusion was based only on a testimony of the saint Jalal-ud-Din Bukhari. Malik Mardan
Daulat, the Governor of Multan adopted Khizr Khan's father Malik Sulaiman as his son. Here, we
are giving 10 GK Questions with Answers on the Sayyid Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate that will attune
and equipped the aspirants according to the new trends of different competitive examination.

1. Who was the founder of Sayyid Dynasty?

A. Daulat Khan Lodhi

B. Hissar Firuza

C. Nasiruddin Mahmud

D. Khizr Khan

Ans: D
2. Which of the following Sultan of Delhi Sultanate got Khutba read in his name and issued
his own coin?

A. Mubarak Shah

B. Hissar Firuza

C. Nasiruddin Mahmud

D. Khizr Khan

Ans: A

3. Who among the following wrote Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi?

A. Nida Fazli

B. Vahiya Bin Ahmad

C. Hasan Nizami

D. Amir Khusrau

Ans: B

GK Questions with Answers on Ilbari Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

4. Which dynasty of Delhi Sultanate descendant of the Prophet Mohammad?

A. Khilji Dynasty

B. Lodhi Dynasty

C. Sayyid Dynasty

D. Tughlaq Dynasty

Ans: C

5. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Sayyid Dynasty

I. The last ruler of Sayyid dynasty, Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah voluntarily abdicated the throne of the
Delhi sultanate in favour of Bahlul Khan Lodi and left for Badaun.

II. Khizr Khan was the governor of Multan under Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

Select correct statement (s):

A. Only I

B. Only II
C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: D

GK Questions with Answers on Revenue System under Delhi Sultanate

6. Vahiya Bin Ahmad was patronised by which Delhi Sultan?

A. Mubarak Shah

B. Muhammad Shah

C. Alauddin Shah

D. Khizr Khan

Ans: A

7. Taj-ul-Mulk was the loyal minister of which Sultan?

A. Mubarak Shah

B. Muhammad Shah

C. Alauddin Shah

D. Khizr Khan

Ans: D

GK Questions with Answers on Khilji Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

8. Who among the son of Khizra Khan?

A. Mubarak Shah

B. Muhammad Shah

C. Alauddin Shah

D. Khizr Khan

Ans: A

9. Who became the ruler after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty?

A. Alam Shah

B. Muhammad Shah

C. Khizr Khan
D. Alauddin Shah

Ans: C

10. What was the real name of Taj-ul-Mulk?

A. Alam Shah

B. Malik-us-Sharq Malik Tuhfa

C. Malik Sulaiman

D. Alauddin Shah

Ans: B

Architectural Development during Delhi

Sultanate Era
The Indo-Islamic architecture manifested the aesthetic heritage of the new sultans that includes
both religious and secular structures. While indigenous architecture is Trabeate i.e. the space is
spanned by mean of beams laid horizontally; the Islamic form is Arcuate, whereby arches are
used to bridge a space. The dome is the prominent feature of the mosque in contrast to the Sikhar
of Hindu temples.
Features of Sultanate Architecture

Source: upload.wikimedia.org

1. Arch and dome method which dispensed with the need for large number of pillars to support
the roof and enabled the construction of large halls with a clear view.

2. Use of superior mortar to hold the stones.

3. Use of slab and beam method.

4. Decorative exuberance, such as use of geometrical shapes, calligraphy, inspirational

art etc.

5. Synthesise of indigenous motif such as ball motif, lotus etc.

Glimpse of Sultanate Architecture
1. Qutub Minar

Source: s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com

It is a towering 73 meter high tower founded by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak and completed

by Iltutmishin the memory of the Sufi Saint Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki. The last two storeys
were completed Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
Source: wordpress.com

The Qutub Minar complex comprises of the Quwwat-us-Islam Mosque, a 7 metre high iron
pillar, the tomb of Iltutmish, Ala’i-Darwaza and the Ala’I Minar.

2. Qutub-ud-Din Aibak built the city of Dilli, Iltutmish built the city of Sultangurhi and Balban built
the city of Kailagurhi.
3. Tomb of Balban

Source: upload.wikimedia.org

It is first example of true arch and is located at the archaeological park in Mehrauli.
4. Alai Minar

Source: im.hunt.in

It contains a dome, which for the first time was built on correct scientific lines and also has arches
of very pleasing proportions.
5. Alauddin Khilji built new fort and imperial township of SIRI. In siri, he built the Mahal Hazar
Satun, the palace of thousand pillars, Hauz-i-illahi, a water tank and the Jamait Khana
mosque at the Dargah of nizamuddin Auliya.
6. Alai Darwaza

Source: www.columbia.edu

It was constructed with a dome shaped gate made of red sandstone and decorated with stunning
Turkic features made of white marble inlay and inscriptions engraved in the ancient Naskh
Scriptand screens made with Lattice stones depicting unique Turkic craftsmanship.
7. Alauddin Khilji’s tomb and madarsa

Source: 4.bp.blogspot.com

It is located in the Qutub Complex, which is located near the Mehrauli Archaeological Park. It was
built by Ala-ud-din Khilji, as a college for the education on Islamic scriptures and theology that
consists of rooms and halls built around a quadrangular court.

8. Tughlaqabad
Source: upload.wikimedia.org

The Palace cum Fortress Complex of Tughlaqabad was constructed by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq built the Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq on a high platform which marks
a new trend in architecture for imposing skyline. He also built Jahanpanah, one of the cities of
Dilhi. Firoz Shah built Hauz Khas, a pleasure resort and also built Firoz Shah Kotla fort. The
Tughlaqs rulers started building the tombs on an elevated platform. They combine the principles
of arch and done with Islam and as are evident in Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s construction of Hauz
Khas.
9. Lodhi Garden

Source: upload.wikimedia.org

It is the finest example of the synthesis of dome, arch, slam and beam. Other examples of
architecture are Masjid Moth, Bara Khan and Chota Khan.

Hence, the architecrural excellence of the Sultanate period witnesses the evolution and
development of Indo-Islamic Architecture by synthesising geometrical shapes, calligraphy,
inscriptional art etc.
Administrative and Agrarian Terms used
in Sultanate Period
The nature of state during the Sultanate period was militaristic and aristocratic, and also existence
of Theocracy, i.e. the head of state was also the religious heard. In other word, the state was
Islamic. This meant that the sultans did not allow any open violation of the Islamic law, but Muslim
divines were not allowed to dictate the policy of the state because the Sultan was a perfect autocrat
unchecked by any restrictions and his word was law. The real source of the sultan’s authority was
military strength. He was the chief commander of forces, chief lawgiver and the final court of
appeal.

Agriculture, trade and commerce were the chief sources of economy. This is the only reason
sultans promoted technological assistance like Persian wheel or Shakiya was introduced into wells
for carrying out water. Firuz Shah Tughlaq constructed a large number of canals. Here, we are
giving the list of Administrative and Agrarian Terms used in Sultanate Period, which is very useful
study material for the academic purposes as well as for those who are preparing for the competitive
exams.

List of Administrative and Agrarian Terms used in Sultanate Period

Administrative and Agrarian Terms Meaning

Alai Tanka Tanks of Alauddin Khilji

Alamatha-i-Sultanate Insignia of royalty

Amil Revenue officer

Amir Commander: The third highest official grade

 Amir-i-dad Officer-in-charge of justice

Amir-i-akhur Officer commanding the horses

Amir-i-hajib Officer-in-charge of the royal Khalisa court: (also

called barbek in Turkish)

Amir-i-koh Officer in-charge of agriculture

Ariz Officer in-charge of the muster, equipment of

the soldiers and the horses

Arz-i- Mummalik Minister in-charge of the army

Barbek Officer in-charge of the royal court

Barid Intelligence officer appointed by the state to

collect information

Barid-i-Mumalik Head of the state intelligence service

Dabir Secretary

Dabir-i-Mumalik Chief secretary

Dagh Mark of branding on the horses

Diwan Office: the central secretariat

Diwan-i-arz Office of the ministry of war

Diwan-i-insha Office of the chief secretary

Hukm-i-mushahida Assessment (Of land revenue) by inspection only

Iqtadars A person in whose charge an iqta has been

placed

Jagir A piece of land assigned to a government officer

by the state

Jitals Copper coins of the Delhi sultanate

 Jeziyah A personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims

Karkhana Royal factory or enterprise; they were of

two kinds - ratbi, for looking after animals and
ghair-ratbi for producing commodities required by
the state

Khalisa Land controlled directly by the king

Khidmati Service dues

Khuts Village headmen or revenue collector

Madad-i-mash Grant of land or pension to religious or deserving

persons

Majlis-i-khas A meeting of the king and his high officers

Majlis-i-khilawat A secret meeting of the king and his high officers

Malik naib Regent of the kingdom; an officer, authorized to

act on behalf of the king

Muhtasib An officer appointed to maintain law and order

village headman; literally the first or senior man

Muqta Governor; person-in-charge of an iqta or a

medieval province

Mustaufi-i-mamalakat Accountant for the whole kingdom

Mustaufi-i-mamalik Auditor, for the whole kingdom

Naib-i-arz Minister of war; or his deputy

Naib-i-mamlakat Regent or the king's representative for the whole

kingdom, authorized to act on behalf of the king.

Diwan-i-Riyasat Office of the minister of trade and commerce

Diwan-i-Mustakhraj Office for collecting taxes

 Doab Land between the Jamuna and the Ganga

Fatwa A verdict according to the Shashgani Shariat or

religious law

Faujdar Commander of army

Haqq-i-Shirb Profits from canal irrigation

Hukm-i-masahat Assessment of land revenue according to

measurement

Chungi-i-Galla Tax on grain

Amir-i-Tarab Entertainment tax

Galla Bakshi, Kankut System of collection of land revenue

Naib-i-mulk Regent of the kingdom

Qazi-ul-Qazzat The chief qazi

Sarai-Adl Name given to Alauddin Khilji's market in Delhi

for the sale of cloth and other specified
commodities

Sashgani A small silver coin equal to six jitals or copper

coins

Shahna-i- mandi Officer in-charge of the grain market

Sipahsalar Commander

In the above list the terms which are used in Sultanate Period for the administrative and agrarian
purposes that can be useful study material for the academic purposes as well as for those who are
preparing for the competitive exams.