Factors

Fungal disease conducive Crops affected Symptoms

to spread

White blisters and

Optimum swellings on
conditions for leaves and heads
disease of affected plants;
White blister/White
development Brassicas (including blisters consist of
rust (Albugo
are 3-4 hours in Asian leafy brassicas). masses of white
candida)
mild dust-like spores;
temperatures up to 100% losses
(6- 24?C). have been
reported.

Symptoms usually
Wide host range begin with
High humidity,
Downy mildews including onions; peas; yellowish leaf
leaf wetness
(individual species lettuce; celery; spinach; spots which then
and cool to mild
damage particular kale; herbs; cucurbits; turn brown; downy
temperatures
crop families) brassicas; Asian leafy growth appears
(10-16 °C).
brassicas. on underside of
leaves.

Wide host range and Small, white,

very common, powdery patches
especially in on most above-
Moderate greenhouse crops: ground surfaces;
Powdery mildews temperatures cucumber; melons; usually observed
(some species are (20-25?C); pumpkin; first on undersides
restricted to relatively dry zucchini;parsnip; of leaves but
particular crops or conditions beetroot; potato; herbs; eventually cover
crop families) (unlike downy peas; bitter both surfaces;
mildews). melon;tomato; affected leaves
capsicum; Brussels become yellow,
sprouts; cabbage; then brown and
swedes. papery and die.

Clubroot Warm weather; Plants are yellow

Brassicas (including
(Plasmodiophora acidic soil (pH and stunted and
Asian leafy brassicas).
brassicae) less than 7); may wilt in hotter
 high soil parts of the day;
moisture. large malformed
‘clubbed’ roots
which prevent the
uptake of water
and nutrients,
reducing the
potential yield of
the crop.

Cold, wet soil

conditions;
known as water
moulds, they May kill seedlings,
enter untreated which die before
Many vegetable crops in
water supplies; they emerge or
Pythium species including cucurbits;
water supplies soon after
brassicas; lettuce.
for irrigation emergence; plant
and collapse.
hydroponics
should be
tested regularly.

Water-soaked
Windy, cool,
rotting of stems,
humid weather;
leaves, and
wet soil;
Sclerotinia rots (S. sometimes fruit;
survival
sclerotiorumand S. followed by a
structures
minor) – a range of Most vegetable crops. fluffy, white and
known as
common names are cottony fungal
sclerotia remain
used growth which
viable in soil for
contain hard black
long periods
pebble-like
(10-15 years).
sclerotia.

S. rolfsii – Lower
S. rolfsii –
S. rolfsii – Wide host stem and root
Warm, moist
range including: beans; rots; coarse
conditions. S.
beets; carrot; potato; threads of white
Sclerotium rots cepivorum –
tomato; capsicum; fungal growth
(Sclerotium Development is
cucurbits.S. surround the
rolfsii and S. favoured by
cepivorum – only affects diseased areas;
cepivorum) cool soil
onions, garlic and small brown
conditions (14-
related Alliums (shallots; fungal resting
19?C) and low
spring onions; leeks). bodies. S.
moisture.
cepivorum–
 Yellowing and
wilting; fluffy
fungal growth
containing black
sclerotia forms at
the bases of
bulbs.

Causes severe
root and crown
Fusarium wilts and Wide host range rots or wilt
rots (Various including: brassicas; diseases by
Fusarium species Warm to hot carrots; attacking roots
including F. weather. cucurbits;onions; spring and basal stems;
solani and F. onions; potato; tomato; cucurbit fruit and
oxysporum) herbs; peas; beans. potato tubers can
be affected in
storage.

Botrytis rots – for Softening of plant

Celery; lettuce; beans;
example Grey Cool, wet tissues in the
brassicas; cucumber;
mould (Botrytis weather. presence of grey
capsicum; tomato.
cinerea) fungal growth.

Anthracnose Typical symptoms

Wide range of crops
(Colletotrichum begin with sunken
including: lettuce;
spp. except for in Cool, wet and water-soaked
celery; beans; cucurbits;
lettuce conditions. spots appearing
tomato, capsicum;
– Microdochium on leaves, stems
potato; globe artichoke.
panattonianum) and/or fruit.

Range of
symptoms
Rhizoctonia rots Warm, humid
Wide host range depending on the
(Rhizoctonia solani) weather; can
including: lettuce; crop being grown
– range of common survive for long
potato; brassicas;beans; but can affect
names, e.g. Bottom periods in the
peas; beets; carrots; roots, leaves,
rot (lettuce) and soil in the
capsicum; tomato; stems, tubers and
Wire stem absence of a
cucurbits. fruit; plants wilt
(Brassicas) host plant.
and may collapse
and die.

Damping-off Occurs under Many vegetable crops Young seedlings

(Pythium, cold, wet soil including: leafy have necrotic
Rhizoctonia, conditions; vegetables;brassicas; stems or roots;
Phytophthora, shore flies and carrots; beetroot; seedlings die or
 Fusarium or fungus gnats cucurbits, eggplant; show a reduction
Aphanomyces) can spread tomato;coriander; spring in growth.
Pythium and onions; beans
Fusarium.

Growing carrots
after carrots;
Cavity spots are
acidic soil; not
small elliptical
Cavity spot harvesting
Carrots. lesions often
(Pythium sulcatum) carrots as soon
surrounded by a
as they reach
yellow halo.
marketable
size.

Potato tubers may

be infected with
superficial skin
diseases, such as
Tuber diseases common scabs,
Potato and sweetpotato.
(Various species) powdery scab,
and Rhizoctonia.
Sweetpotatoes
may be infected
by scurf.

Small, red or
reddish-brown
Rusts (several Wind can pustules that form
species, spread spores on the underside
e.g. Puccinia great distances; of the leaves and
Sweet corn; beans;
sorghi– sweet favoured by low sometimes on the
onions; spring onions;
corn; Uromyces rainfall, 100% pods as well;
beets; celery; silverbeet;
appendiculatus– relative dusty reddish-
endive.
beans; Puccinia humidity and brown spores
allii – spring cool to mild released from
onions). temperatures. pustules (may be
black in cold
weather).

Black root rot Cool soil Blackening of

(Different species temperatures; Lettuce; beans; roots; stunted
on different high soil cucurbits. plants; plants may
vegetable crops) moisture. die.
 IMAGES OF EVERY DISEASES

White Blister Downy Mildews Powdery mildews

Clubroot Pythium species Sclerotium rots

Fusarium species Botrytis rots Anthracnose

 Damping-off Rhizoctonia rots Fusarium or Aphanomyces

Cavity spot Tuber diseases Rusts

Black root rot