Plant diseases Symptoms Pathogen Treatment

Oak wilt  Discoloration of leaves. Ceratocystis  trunk injection of

(Quercus spp.)  Wilted or curled leaves. fagacearum Propizol
 Complete leaf drop that  vibratory plow to stop
occurs by mid-summer. fungus to spread from
 Dead crowns (upper tree to tree
portions of the trees)
 Suckering at the base of
the tree.
Granville wilt  stunting, yellowing, and Pseudomona  Soil fumigants containing
(Nicotiana wilting of parts above s chloropicrin
spp.) ground solanacearu  Crop rotation
 roots decay and become m
black or brown
citrus  chlorosis Spiroplasma  Use Spiroplasma citri-
stubborn  yellowing of leaves citri (MLO) free budwood
disease  shortened internodes  Topworking
(citrus spp.)  wilting  Removing replants
infected with stubborn
disease
aster yellows  Chlorosis Mycoplasma-  removing infected plants
(Asteraceae)  dwarfing malformations like organism from the garden to
 Foliage is sometimes (MLO) minimize spread
curled  floating row covers can
be used to prevent
leafhoppers from feeding
on plants
late blight of  water-soaked dark Phytophthora  eliminating cull piles and
potato green to black or infestans volunteer potatoes
(Solanum purplish lesions with  applying fungicides (elixir
spp.) pale green margins on fungicide)
lower leaves  Air drainage to facilitate
 white mildew at edge of the drying of foliage
lesions
coffee rust  orange-yellow powdery Hemileia  Copper-containing
(Coffea spp.) spots on lower side of vastatrix fungicides during wet
leaves seasons
 pustules turn black  mixing tree crops
 centres turn brown and  remove and destroy all
leaves fall the infected plants and
replant the area with
resistant varieties

corn smut  minute galls form on Ustilago  can be controlled by

(Zea mays) young corn seedlings; maydis removing galls before
on older plants they mature
  large galls are produced  using balanced organic
on the silk of ears and fertilizer
on tassels, leaves, and  Reduce infection points
stalks by avoiding injury of
 roots, stalks and leaves
during cultivation
Table 1.2 Common Plant Diseases caused by biotic factors

Plant disease Symptoms The nutrient the Treatment

plant lacks
Interveinal  yellowing of leaf tissue  Boron  adding sulfur or
chlorosis between veins, with the  Iron peat moss to acidify
in plants in veins themselves  Magnesium soil
general remaining green  Nickel
 Purplish-red  Zinc
discolorations in plant
stems and leaves
 Necrosis
potassium  orange yellow color of old  potassium  moisture is
deficiency in leaves, scorching along necessary for
Banana the margins, reduction in effective potassium
total leaf area, curving of uptake
midribs  Liming acidic soils
 chlorosis start from the can increase
leaf tips potassium
retention in some
soils by reducing
leaching
 Apply fertilizers
high in potassium
Nitrogen  pale, yellowish-green  Nitrogen  nitrate or
deficiency in corn corn plants with spindly ammonium-based
stalks fertilizers
 leaves as a v-shaped  Mineralization
yellowing, starting at the
tip and progressing down
the midrib toward the
leaf base
Phosphorous  leaves develop a  applying sources of
deficiency in purple/reddish hue  Phosphorus phosphorus such as
cabbages  curd size is affected bone meal, rock
phosphate,
manure, and
phosphate-
fertilizers
Table 1.2 Common Plant Diseases caused by nutrient deficiency