7

I
HYDRAUI,ICINSTITUTE
¡ PIPE FRICTIONMANUAL

t Scclion
l.
TAELE OF CONTENTS
Page
Pipe Friction, Basic Formula I

t 2. Constructionof Charts ¡nd T¡bles

3. Old Pipes .
I
I

t 4. Tables of Friction [,oss for Watcr, Exptanirtion .

Installstionfor ExampleNo' l, Fig. I .
Friction l-oss in /¡ Inch to &l Inch Pipes,Tables l-31 Incl.
. i
.4-?8lncl.
I
3

t 5, Resislanceof Valves and Fittingr

Resi¡t¡nceCoe$cientsfor Valvesand Fittingr, Tsbles32(a), 32(b), and 32(c)
ResistanceCoefficientsfor 90 DegreeBends, Fig. 2la)
t
29-3I
32
ResistanceCoefficientsfor Uniform Bends,Fig. 2(b) . 32

I Re¡istanceCoefficientsfor l{iter Bends,Table 33

Resist¡nceCoe$cicnts for Increasersand Difrusers,Fig. 3 .
ResistanceCoefficientsfor Reducers,Fig. 4
Calculationof Friction Loss for Any Fluid in Steelor Wrought Iron Pipes
33
34
35
37
Charts of Friction Loss for Any Fluid in SteeiPipe, Figs. 5 to 17 Incl. 3g-5t
Installationfor Example No. 2, Fig. l8 52
,1
Friction Facior Diagrams 53
Frictlon Factorsfor Ásphalt-DippedCast Iron Pipe, Fig. t 9 59-óO
Friction Fsctorsfo¡ Stee!or Wraught lr,rn Pipe, Fig. ?0. ól-ó2
Friction Factorsfor Any Kind and Sizeof Pipe, Fig. 2i . ó3-.ó1
RelativeRoughnessFactorsfor New CieenPipes,Fig. 22 ó5
KinematicViscosityand RevnoidsNu¡rber Chart, Fig. ?3 6ó
lnst¡llation for Exan:pleNo. 3, Fig. 2-1 67
inst¡llation for ExanrpleNo. {. Fig. 25 ó8
8. Viscority, Definitionsand }lethods of l{essurement 69
Typical ShesrRate Curves,Fig. 27 . ?i
PetroleumTemperatureCravity Reiations,Fig- 28 72
PetrolcumTemperalureVoiume Reia:l,;ns,Fig. 29 . ?3
Viscosity Indc¡ - Mineral Oils, Fig. 30 . 74
ViscosityBlendingChart, Fig. 3l ?5
Viscosity Con'rersion,Table 34 . 76
rt'iscosityConversion,Table 35 . 7?
Viscosityof Co¡nmonLiquids, Tabies36(a)-36{f) I¡rcl. . ?8- S.3
g. Propertierof #ater at Yarious Tenrperatures,
Table 37 . 85
10. C¡st Iron Pioe Dimensions,Table 38 . 87
Dimensionsof ilelded and Sea¡nrc$s
SteelPipe, Tables39ls)-39ic) lncl. 138-90Incl.
Area¡ of Circles,Table l0 , 9l
Conve¡sionT¿ble ior C,rmmon Terrns, Table .tl ()2

I I . References 93
¡

Ir
I
l',
¡ T
LI$'r oF sYlvlBots

Cross-sect:ioll¡l ¡rea, square feel

cs Centistokes. x centimelerFer second
.01

I c,
D
I
Coefficier¡t of vt:lc,--itY
Oi.",.*., fcet lirrhes rlhere s¡-rcciñcally
Fricti,tr',f atrtor
stated)

8}
L)eg;e"-.Fsi:rerrhot{Shear Force in Section

I D

h.
h¿
Acfelerati.n tlue to grr', it), {cet ¡rer seccnd
¡¡6j-.pheri:: PÍeslu¡e.feet ol llui<t absolute
I)iscl¡arsehead. f¡et of fluid
per second

1". ! ' ; i t t ; c ¡ r a l i e s i , c t B i i ef e, e t o f f - ! u i r i
hs S u r " . i c nh e a d { o r i i f t t . f e e t o f f i u i d
ol fluid
h=" f c r p , - r s i l i r es u c t i o ¡l r s d f N P S i i i , f e e t
t Vup., pr...,lre- fe¿t eJ iluid ab:olute
K fi e.i.i:tlr,-e r:t'eíhcierd
L Lerrgih. feel
rl Fr!ctirn l\f,:rluius
1!¡

squsÍe inch gage

['¿ Discbrirge F:tssurer ¡routds Per
l) i j i s c h g r s , e .c u b i c l e e t ; l e s e c o n d
D R . ' n o l d s l \ i ' . : n r h e rl B e n d r a C ! u s
r)
in Fig'
(¡0 F
SG Specific gravir.v of fluid rt
SSI- SeconCs S a l b o l t L l n i v e ' s d
'fcnperature, degrees lahe*ireit
T
v Aver'ige velat:iiY, Íeet ¡er seconrl
cubic [eet
w Spec;ñc wcight. pountlr pe
¡ Ab'snir¡te rorlg'hn':ss,fe{
g Tot¡l conic¡! sngle, <iqrees
p t r l a s rr l e n s i t ;
r L r r i t s h e ¿ r i n qí o r c e
loot
A Di nat¡tic vi'':'rsit1, pou d'sec'nll,,Pt'.rqurre
I ilso lermed {'st:lun V }
iscorit-v
o Kinematic '.:sc:'rqit:', sLlr¡refcr ¡rer seecnd
: PIPE FBICTION MANUAL

: on thc par'
The deteriorrtion of .piper rith-cge depends mctel ritlt
SECTION 1 _PIPE FRICTIOÑ ü*i;;J;;;i propcrüic'of the 0uitl-and.the
rtrat prior expcri-
F-1. Tüo rc¡irt¡nco to tbo incomprusiblellow of eoy ii.'íiii li'iJ-i;i con'taci.- It-is reormmended

I lluid i¡ aoy prP¿mry bo computedfrom tbc equstto¡

or-l+H (1)
;;"ü;;;iá"r"d
where it is ne(:essáryto tt¡mat¿ t\L
;#';; i; ;ib'
Llf-ü. itñs,'il'uii
-frictjon be consullcd
und loc¡l wat¿¡ supplv-oflicialr
loss in old
f;t tho asins of new pipes' Referenc¿r
for
zoáiS'"i¡o' ll mriv'beconsultcd
i.it."it iniot-tti"n on thc eubjec'l'
whercin FOR
: SECTION I-TABT,ES OF FRICTION LOgS
h¡ - Frictional resietancein feet of lluid VATER' EXPLANATION
L - Lengfh ofpipe in feet F..t. Frir:¿ionelresistancas for-wat'er-flt¡wing in new' cleon

I D -
V =
Averageintcrnal diamet¿rof pipe in feet
Averagc velocity in pipe in feet/second
ateelor wrougbt ,* ptp" t-Stittd¡rlel0)'
cast iron p¡peare grten rn'ial'les l-31
F-5, The tebl€s sbow the dischargeincubic
ur in ispheltdipped
incl'' herein'"
feeüper ¡ec'
r - Accelerationdue to gravity in feet/second/ ond, tbe avÉr88e
an-d!5e ielocity

l " ¡ccond. Hereafter,-thevslue 3!.1? feet/

recond/eecondfor sealevel and 45 degrees
lal,itude will be used.
smet€r as tbat
".r,*^,ty.in'i*"Jt-¡itñiJt3'
t*iá i"*t-,'i iulr anv.flui,l-in
Epect¡tco in

;il,"Ji1.rTilb"ri'To,:;""mü'$""
i.,li:i.o;:9'l?
eat'b t¡l¡le
-f<¡r o! tbe same di'
a clrculat p^if"'
raüesof flow iu

(l'130
- l'riction factor ;;Jit;ütiü ' - b ríobot:'lb iq*are leet per scr:ond

I "f

SECTIOI{2 -CONSTBUCT¡ON OF CITARTS

centistrthcs)
Tü;"i;i;lJt
whrcll
-heedsrs i¡¡e rI'lIiJIi¡¡
aie i'*'"5"
irurc fresh watcr at 60 F''r'
=;a!ues for pip*rs havine

tbe * valuesBivenin tbe tables, wbcre (¿) is a linear mc&¡ure

A¡{D TAALES l)

t F-2. Tho C.oleb,roolEquati6¡1{r)lr

\=:-21,
2 ' 5 1I
os,I c + ñ#J (:)
of ül ebo,¡luterortghnc.ssof-tbe
;:.ffi;''ff;;;f tU¡l*;
- pipe-walls and (D) ír tbe inter-
Fu't["'' inforr.ation.on tbe rougb-
nes: pararneteris given io'Iabh:s 39(t)-39(c)' inciu¡ive'
F-ó. Tbe rabulakrl valuesof (l¡¡) sre in feet of pure.fresh
v, [3TD water (ó0 F) per 100 fect.of ¡¡cw clean steeJ9f wr?uCo: fl::

I ofier¡ a rcl¡8bb roe¡¡¡ lor computiag tbc frictbn faclor

bo ru¿din Equatioo(1)'
([ to p¡'i.idc¡"áitó 40)'cr of new cleao aspbaltdippedcast ¡rou
pipc as spccúted-

Tho Reyuolü Nuobe¡ (R) i¡ giveoby tbc cguaüoo F-?, No rllow¡nce has been nrade for a3e, diflerencesin
¿¡.toi.t üdiing fiom manufacturing tolerances'or any,ab-

I R-+ (3) cormat conditit¡ns of interit¡r sur{sce'.-Any lacror o¡ salety

;;;;.-;il;uüá
;;is?;;ü
iio- tl. Iocal cor¡diiioru and tbe require'
p*'ti*tut iottallation''{nexarnpllillustraling
;ffi;;i-th"iables t"¡U be found in llaragraph F'l!'
wberein

I V o Averagevelocity in feet/second
D = Averageinternal diameterin feei
SECTION 5-V.{LVES
F-S. Tbe recist¡Dce to flow caused by a v¡lve or Etiing
A:{D FITTINGS

v o Kinematic viecosity of tire lluid in square rut i* computed from the equation

I feet/second
Refere*cer (a) 3. (c) I ¡nd-'1.-(0.25.'
¡;:iüTlJ;o
(8) 1l' I'l and 16 in
ro o¡üd iho b'"i '¡t"'. of the-roush'
h: k*, ({)

;;;';t;;;tcr--tJ*¿ "iuti.¿*t" probcblc va¡i¡tioor in (1i

tl¡e frictir¡o wberein
I i;tJ;¡;;;; üP".. The'p¡gb¡bte variatioos
cl¡¡g of ncl clcan p¡p! arc grvco In laDle A'
io for some
h - Frictional resistancein fecl of lluid
Y = AverageYelocil)'in feetrsecond in a pipeof
coffesPonding diameter

t Mrt¿rirl
TAA!¡ /t

., fc3
Pmb¡ble oaxioum
variatioo io /
Per Ccaü
I = 32'17feet,/second,'second
k = Resistance crxllicient ft¡r valve or fittin¡¡

t , , f i k ) l o r v ¡ l v e ¡ a n d 6 t t : n g s . ; n a y b e - r a l c e nl m m T e b l c e
y¡o¡3
0.00015 -5 to +10 3 3 ' i P a ¡ e r2 9
i . ¡ ¿ , u ' ¡ r o ¿ r b ti ¡ o o . . . . ' . .
-5ta+i; i f r l i . . i I r t i , o J ¡ ¿ t " i ' F i g - ; ¡at ' ' ? t b r a n ' J . T a l ' l c diñe¡'
.r¡ohdt dippá cr¡t, iroü. ' .. 0.üO{ ," ú t".r.i. R.f.r.n". ,o ii',i ii"t"t'te will rere¡l -wid¿
Gdvr¡i¡¿d i¡o¡. .. 0.0005 0 t¡ +i0 ;#;;;h;;,;bii'.n.i v¡iuct ol rk) fo¡ ¡il tvpct ol venc¡ end
;ñ;;;:' Tit. 'l¡te ¡re inc{)ncirrtiir:' As indics¡edin
Eou¡tio¡ {2) r¡¡ colnbi¡ld rith Equaüon 'l) and ¡olu-

t i"i,iirlZi ll, i¿'t, i 32( c t, tl¡nsrd v¡rv¿s antl ñttinsr uruailv

tioo¡ ir¡ricd ou¡ for c¡cb Uod ¡¡d eírc of pipc. Tbes¿ vere ; t ;; ;, "t"rluble"n¿ Sr¡ndrrtis
t *¿ t.o --u,r"t hr¡p'rcaic logrritloic plotr from wbicb üe stu,,.iarJ-83ñió'-.lJ--iñ'l-Tmtric¿n
r¡lucr of (br) ¡bow¡-i¡ T¡bt!. 1-3I ü¡ci', rere obr¡i¡ed. As¡ociation.
nut i:ica;plieo ttr pru;'lcntsinvt'lvinglhc
"Th""T;ü;;; .irtul.l ',1 n¡¡¡l¡rres tt lr 'r¡Ftrsl¿rl thBl
or:r¡,ing fuid soiid

I SECTION 3-QLp
F-3. A study ol Refe¡enccr ia) 13.
PlPes
t¡t 13, i5 rnd !0
,nnruJ-t¡tt ih-lrobtcn of ixtimrting th¿ frrcüon factors f<¡r
,rd ¡roe¡ or ellorrin3 for thc dÉterior¡tron of new ptpes ts
f"l-or
ir,,rr'".iurt;.".4
:otra!'s i r a , , r n s r l i t
be crnsi'jercd snd ii¡at '¡rroiiñtd
e d w h e ¡ c l t ¡ g l e c t - s r a l Yi ( , : f , i ¡ i n a i e
l ¡ l ¿ f r ¡ c t : o n i o s ¡ r s t n p i p e t t ; a r r r r n ¡ 5 ( r l ¡ d si ¡ l : u s p ' n É ¡ o o '
rs.t ieírrencet "¿i'tes of üP!u{ ¡nrl ir, rre
'h':wn tn

s l ¡ ¿ , i c ¡ Jc c ' , u m n .

T
:+yoncithe eF d ihir Maoual'

t1l
I HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE

t ¿xhibit loter resist¡nce c'oefficientsthsn scrercd.valves

;iiffi;.-ti;.';Ñ;t;;;.
¡nd
crxfficienlr de*easc tith th6 in-
l,.ii.I"c ¡i¡e of mc¡stvalves and fittinp'
(5)i¡ ucefur
Eqrration tb;,1;f"i',if** HihlTr?fi,;
caúsed by conicnl inct¿¡re
conic¡l incteaters bastd oit-Jitt icportcd by
Gibsono)rt are
t"hccquation

t ñ;;;it'Fl;. 2 or mav bo computcd'bv

-Vah¡esello¡vs
F-9. Cast iron flenged elboss snd. drainage-tyFe
-"" ¡u cxpect¿dto eppiorimate-pipe-bendr'
l''liñ.i,Gr"i"ni
of thc
friL"v be taieñ fromFisr' 2-(a)and2(b)'
k : r.so
["" lJ'"
(6)
bhñiiJ li;;';"i i; n,g' i(") ;'i piuen{Y Hbrlma¡t'rtr'

t ;ii[ th;;;; ál tc"it.' ot"theiist ¡rcl1t¡asindicated' The

;;;il*i¡;;;;;;;;il-É
;;;;riÉ
u¡cdas n guideto proba-ble resist-
;;i; i;; i;í"' ;"di aia v lui' of the'relaü ve roush-
"
wherein
d - total cooical angle of tbe increaser in
degrees
nersfectot, fi. A volueof r - 0'00085feetrill bc saüefoctory

t for unooatJ ca¡t iron and ca-stst¿el etborc' Resi¡t¡nce

;flf;ñ;; f;t p,peú"n¿t *ith lerr t-han
ñi;;';; ;"ej;t!i ül l'"¡.ii,*Jlio
rr
90 degreedeflection
show-n in . Fis' 2(b)' ;#i;-'
'sr*'{ft+
¡nd 35
Equation (6) applics only to value¡ of-d betr-ecn?'5 a ruc-
irótoi*'ottttv i¡ itrJfact th¡ü abova 50-de¡rccs

t
?#;il;fii,it
;';'ii;';'
i;" ioi smmth surfaces
il;;ú;ii"s
¡.ü';¡ mo¿,JIüte roughnÉsi
the
"" but¡n!) be
resist¡nct coeflicienrs
usedae
for ¡ur-
suchasciea¡ ¡l'eelanc csstiron'
¡l**i*r,:t#"{+|ffi
i;:T;l;""J;;ii;iú-ihldi aou.nt¡ in part for the in-
Figs.2(a)and2(b)arenot reliablebeto'w fi
- l' whercR i¡ the
etbor -in feet' The approximaleradiur of a
g:n,:jg,g:YJ;:"',f,"tr
Í;n:fllmm,,'1:l'F
radius of the the llange in F[.4.

t h;;;"d-rlb.r*
ii"t.l;;'f;;
iil-¿ñ;;;ñ;
ffi;;i';;';tb"t
-"y ¡c olt¡ine¿ bv'iubtrnctif¡
the center-to-facedimension'. The c¿nter-to-
ioi a '"¿u"ine J¡"* ;' uiir'-'ilv i'Jenti'¡! '¡ith
oftt* semEatraightsizeus-tlte largerend'
The ti¡i¡ íot Scctioe i i¡aw beeo ¡¡rembied froia
the Referenccr in Scctironll'
mtny of

f -11. Erarnple l. Ure of T¡blc¡.for V¡tcr' I ntltg

I F-10. The resistancecoeflicientsfgt.',titl

*.LC"¡'t str'r'i.*iii;;F;;*
il¡'ü,iJ¿' i ñ iüc-Éliu¡*tt in
*h'i*n in
'Iablc
33
lp¡ds
'l'he
as re-
roush
v eslisa tion had a r elat i r e i oughnesr
be con-
¿r""'r i"t"t ioo tt) fto.n Jcump nnd d-elivet¡it to an
;"t iüri;b'i iío i""r. óf nt' Li¡ch di ernetct.arp\al
cast iron pif¡e. (See.Fi6-. l),. , Tb.e lucttgn piF.I
eievated
td ipe'"I
Yertrcar
discherS-
factor, of about 0,002:' Reft:renceG)l?L shorrld i-iee¿ lons' i¡nd equipred -ith a foot v¡lvc' .Tb-e

t
f i0 d"gtue nr¡sed elbows *ith
the resistance ípi
,ultcd lo. information on the raristion -r¡f "iitü¡ü't'é-tiü,i¡it
-i,ñii.''til *¡lii in ihe Revnolds )iumbcr' - t.t, a rwicS cbcck valve, ¡ld eo opcn ved$disc 38re
"ttiotio" *'
í¡1".. It i¡ re,¡uircd to find tbc¡uction lift (b)' tbc dirch*rge
F-lf. Tbe resistnnceto flow csusedby a suddenenlarge- ¡}¿-tUrl, rceding of tbc disch¡r8c pnes$re 5nüg0
iluy be mmputed fram tbe eguatior

I rate of 0or i¡ 2fl1 Sallonr Per úrourc'

tdt (P¿), ibá üe ""d'tba

tt _ LI ( \___E_
L ¡t-\:t)2

*?|H'.?f;*?1":Ír*1lt¡'"*"l*"ri
I -u['-tl']; mi¡trto:

Y'
Vchxity head,Ts= 0.{05 feet
=*i,_[*j,j't Pipefriction loss,b¡ * 2'74feetper 100feetof pipe
tv: Tbe resistance coetEcient for tbo foot valvg mey bc
obt¡ine'
=ft, íI)rit -, l ¡rorn Tab¡e¡ 32(b) and 32(c):
iilj tB
Footvalve'h - 0'8

h = Friction¿lresistancc in feet ,¡f lluid Thebeadlo¡sduoto pipefrictioorill be

Vr- = AveraFt'r-ctocityin- leet"seco¡rdin the '\*2'i4ñ-0'l4f;t
smallei(u¡rslrcam.r PiPe
arr.aoi the srrlalle¡
Ar : lnternal r:rt)ss-scctionui a¡4 by Equalbn(1),tbc berdloc in tbc fet v¡lvc rü b
PiPein s(¡usre!r'et
Dr = Inientü tlialntr[rr ¡i the smailer pipe
feel
o-.H
V'l - (0.8x 0.405)
A r l = Curresponding vaiur:sfor the larger - 0.324feot
D r . i ldo* nstreanr)
g - 3!.1? feer.'s¡condreci;rrd 'fhe punrp
tnurt rsi!€ tbc rater fmm glevatirn t4'00 to clevl
! = 11¡sistatit'¡ :ahc¡l ¿s
¡'(r¡'fiir':r'rrt,'lsrr,¡lli t..'i Is.o:i. ib*tcfore, tho ruction l¡ft wü bG
r n i t r - s i ¡ ' : , , :t h t t : : r i ¡ l l . i , : l l. . a l m o s t a i r * n ) s
ir'rr r.han =3 ¡;,:r c..nt ll. = + 0.32+ 0'14-5.08feet'
24.00)

r'l
t¡¡
 PIPE FNTCTTON HANUAL

Tbc prc¡¡urc bc¡d i¡ tl

b. DircIr¡r U.nc' Thc bord bc¡ dr¡¡ to ¡np¡ frict¡on in
li¡c rül Da
b.th*.fTlint'.qüüH"H'e#¡
4.pr,.*.r.u'u
rh";;fi;irusu b .Tt
"háwiil
bcrrl
ljl &liral to tlc-¡t¡ü
L!€ di3+irtc

h' * 2.141'#- ri'zsfect

*.P,fltifr
ffiP,ítiff Ftii*,l#--.''"-oln3*qqil'.
Ft:*9,'*-""-0i63*i*
üi;'tü- L;.11"_*#ff r-o.rt d .bo"..
IsC+-
¿*ffii;..il"o'ü¡---251 i"Y';"
+ It.le
t.s¡
T!ücIorc'
P:diit
¡+ s¡?s
3{25 - 0'{0s: 2e3
o'{os-=.293
tho ro.

l-l".'füñ;r¡¡tt '!
ti," q"1ei-ot,tr¡ qq¡o,t{-:-b
!.tJ.i Yqti+?1i3:
órtlo zl^o9¡
The resi¡t¡nct oocttictcnt¡ for $9 fitti¡t6¡ mty bo obt¡i¡ed
f-;T"bü iz(r). sz(¡) ¡nd 32(c),r¡ folücvn:
F::Fjim* ;
iIi'r*l-.t"''iiñi';J;-b*",*
tiBü¡r.s. itr.".Ls,
ixli ibeg&titg
Tuo"ro*, # rcadi¡s-oftlc
'Regrrtar flsnged dbow, k - 0'31 L*",¡lái"iiriñ geugorill bo
ábbatg" p¡e¡nure
Swing checkvalve, k - 2.0
WedgÉdisc gatc valve, k : 0.17 (293- 2) X 62.L4_
Suddenenhtgement, k - 1.0 ra " -G- 126pei
Tb. totd st.bt¡Dfi coctlcieotfor tbo 6ttia¡r *ill bc
k - 2 x 0.31+ 2 + 0.I7+ r.0
'3,79
rnd, by EEntbn (f), tbc bc¡d bc du¡ to tlo 0l¿i!81 riU b€
vt '(NOTE: It h prderableto u¡o FIg,2 for fha¡ad clborr rbc¡
h-L*.'3'79X0'105 ratio ir gteater than uaity. Tho ur of F¡g' 2 tr ü'
,il,*,
tbc
$
-flú. - l.)
lu¡t¡ntcdi¡ E¡amPle
fd J üc Amcric¡n I t¡¡ d¡rdr'f, r¡oci¡üioo'
":'S;ii;¡
Ttc pump E{¡f rr¡to tbo u¡tcr from elartioa-28'ó2 to ¿tev¡-
tj;; í89:10. TúJ"rq tbc dküargc bced ülI bo

lk : (289.00- 28.62)+ l.s3 + 3{'25

= 296feet

rLL PlPf t! ¡€r a-lttcll ¡sPxrlf-DTPFED c^sf-lñoi

I sr*

\glL-v¡tyl

Fl& I. |ITSTAI'IATIOÑ FOB EXAllPlS ltc ¡'

t3l
I TlYDIT,IULI(: INSTITUTH

T Flttu'l't()N Loss ¡{rit WA'l uii ¡,\ ¡'l'¿'l' i'iiit

'r^Ilt.E L
':'i'iü FEil'T' CIr ;'¡rI
TA$LI: 3
--__
I ,í INctI |
oI" s'f t')lii' I
|' \\'RouGiI't IR()N .o¡asru;i,
{0
scrrEDur,n
¡ii:ifií;é-iñcillis Ir tá rxc¡l
-.^.,...^¡
1
I|
r$gil"ulbttuut
wRouGIIr
ró"='olóilñóirns
¡,n_n rv,ecq

t -.
afeill-¡te;1-iiiiil
ool?ol¡it ¡¡rriirn-i-Tffi.-, i li I3iiüi
I S:Sl*IF3:gii,J
t l,H,l
,ffiii'1,
.0002?:i i i.rii'.l[,miii
rrirlIimri0.5c.i i'i:tl.frig
tFitgtl ..-',,.'"i """"'
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I I'II'E FIII(;TI{)N }I..\NTJAI.

I FTTICTIONLOSS ITOR WATER II\ ITEET PER IOO F'EET OF

PIPE

I
'r,rlll,B 5 TAltl.E (r

l \\'ROU(;II',f InoN OIt S'l'l"l.,i,

stlll liDULl'l .l{}
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sclll.l)tJLl'i.10
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t NO}IINAI,

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i lzs r*",ri,1,roo
l\"OIIINA¡, c / D- 0 . 0 J 1 7 2

I¡
l2s
fcet t¡f
h¡
feet per 100
ft'rsr:c

t cr[l ft /see feet r[ ft:et J¡ipc

-- -:-------+

0. 3 7 1 0.00,}l"t
0.0{r2:i3 0.f02 0 .00s63 0.7'13 0. 0{}8¡7
0.cc3it.l 0.s03 0.ilt!7 l.ll.l 0.0t i)17
l?o 0 .02:3
0 .c.04{6 0 .0 31 3

t
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0. t¡i)5ír7 ¡.frO ü .03i? t &{; 0.0ir3i
0.00i168 t .81 0.0506
;3.30 '-, 2.',¿} 0.0771
L 00:E0 2.ll 0.0689 260 0 .l 0 l 0
0. i¡l)ii$l 2.4r 0.0900 . 4 .? l 2.97 0.t37

t "i i).. 00 li cl ti )
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 .t
I tll'Ull,\ULl{i I N S" t ' t . I . t i t

t IN FEI''I' I'EII I0O T'EBT OF PTI'E

FRICTION LOSS FOII \I¡A"T'NIT

t TABLE 7

llROUGll'l' lltoN oll s'tliltL

t----
I
TABLE 8

WROUGITTIRON OR STEEL
SCHEDULO40
s C l l l , ; ¡ ) t i l , l .4l ( ) t li lNcll lD-1'610 INCIIES

t I}4 INCII It)=l:ls()tN0llt':S

I
N0I\llNAL c/D -0.00r12
NOIUINAL c/D =0.{iul3{)
t h¡
zltt, DISCI.IANCE v Vng f¿et P:r t0(
DISCTT.{RGi' Y-/2g feeLPer 100

t
Y fülsec feet feet o l l
ftlsec fcet feet oÍ PiPe CFS GPII
CF8 GP¡ü
0.0623 0 .0033| 1.5 0.236 0.0008c4
0.0033{ ; 1.5 0.322 0.0{}l6l t 0 315 0.00154
0 .{ ? 9 0 (x)2S6 0.102 0 .0 0 { { 6
0 .00{.ls 2
o.n7 0. cfi;68 3: 0.4;3 0.00347 , ; . ' O ¡ G B

t 0 .00668 ..3 0.il.t 0.0r)64{ { 0:030 0.0001E

0 .c9891
-1' 0.858 0.0i!{.1 0,u2 0.00s91
0.00965
1.073 0 . 0 r7 9 0.508 0.0llt 5 0.?88
0 . 0 1tI i 6.
0,704 0.013{ r ,6 0. 9.r6 0 . 0 13 9
0.013.1 .. 0 I .29 0 0?;7 l. r03 0 . 0 i8 9
0.930 0.01¡ro ..7
i,iñio¡i
t 0.0156 ' .;., I .50 0 .0:llfl
18. 1.2ü o.v¿47
ir:.'8.i , | .72 0 0ri8 l.l8 0.01?8 lip;sse
0.0178 (l .0579 1,46 0.0201 :,,9' 1.42 0.03r3
0.0?01 l. ,' 0t.i t I .93
0 .02?3 ' to. i .5s 0.0386 i¡;;oi8aQ
0.02?3 ,-, l0¡i 2.r5 0 . 0 7 1i ¡ t.71
.''*'. r'' j,, 12: ¡ . I .S0 0.05i¡6
12' 2.67 c l0:j 2.48 0.tll67
0 .07Í'6
I 2 .2r
0.0?07 3.28 0.0:ll? ;. 14.,
0 . 0 32
1 :., l4 3. C{) 0 l1{) rt i,) 0.09,q9
'.' 3 .4 3 0 is:! 4.20 0.03:-)o l6
0.03r:6 ¡6' 0 0{01 i8' 2.8{ 0.l?ír
0.0{0t ,18. 3.86 6.t2 3 .r i ¡ 0 .1 5 4
0 . 01 1 0 t0
0.0{.i6 m 4.29 0.3s6 6.34

I 3. 4 7
0 0{f}0 0.187
0 .04so :: fr., 4.72 0;l!6 I.Jó
24.' 3.78 0.2n,
'24 5.i5 0 {i2 8.92 0 ,t)i3ñ
0.0535 i 1 0 .3 7 0.0s70 26 4.10 0.261
0.0579 oa. 5.58 t) {.c3 i { .11 0 .303
j98 6.01 g :6t ll.9 0.0{i?.{ 8.
0 .002.1 0.cocs 80''.-' 1.73 0.317
0.0608 3C 0.{{ (.|,'{'f r 3s.
I 0.07:3
t] .07f¡8
0 .0sc2
¡1¿
34
38
0.36
7. 2 9
7. 7 2
o \''7
0 {u7
li.3
rn ,
I9.2
0 . 0 7l 3
r).07;:'g
0.0s02
i'r.0{
i.36
J.lr/

5.9i)
0 .38i
0 .4 4 6
0.500
0.577
38 8.¡5 2t.3 0.ns17
0.08{7 0 . 0 s 0I 6.30 0,6t8
I 0.089¡
0.09.16
0 .0ss0
40

44
8.58
9 0i
9 l,t
t26
L 3rl
23.5
25.8
28.2
0 09.36
0 .01i80
6.{i!
0. fi3
7 .'¿5
0.681
|t.717
0.s17
46 9s7 30.7 0.l0'J
n ln't ( ). I 0 7 , .,¡) 0.s$9

I 0.107
0.lll
0.123
48
s
JJ
r0 . . J 0
1 0 7.
l¡ s
i . t).1
t;9
33.3
3 6 .0
.r3.2
f).lll

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co
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9 .{ 0
0, (¡65
| .17
¡ .39
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0. l:t{ 10.2{

I
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,'r9.0 lr- l !.1
0. ¡ .15
2 it
DJ 3.r)
t'l.:, ;?O' I I .03 r.$9
1l 3-0 6 8 .8 0. 1i{i
0-is6 70 t ) .I l l ? i"::r5 ll B 2.17
0 t67 ¡o ;ti.l | '- 78.7 ' :'.__r
. )
.J9 ! r) l:s 3o' ;r'
.,..-1- a,aa

0 178 80 ! :

0 i30 i'85 !. ?0

I 0.-ltg
0 lr)l
rl
3r 2
0 .'.rat
:m
üc
90
¡'5
' i.t .tr
.i
I i.)

i¿t
t38
il 2t)i
¡t ":'l
.s,
-100 1'J
.t , ¡.,
3 .tR
J .s 0
"11 .t " 1i7

I o.2.ri
0 :fi;
0 :lxl
0.ii2
llo
t?o
t30
1{0
:l

: i 'i
¡
I Eí"
rs7
:30
¡ti?
0.:fr7
{l :i}(}
r)..jrj
í1.:jl;1
t?0
1i!
1{o
150
i; . :-r{i
{ i .r z
t

S. iiS
:l t

0.llli,l :¡0 iri i 306

I 1.3.-,ri

I .,i:l
100
170
IEC
l!{)
9. SS
l1 . lir
.,2 tttl
',.

t \o'fE:

T l r ;I
I I'fPE FTIIC'I'ION ItIANT.¡AL

I FNICTION LOSS'FOR WATER IN I.'IIET P[iR IOO FEET OF PIPE

t TABLE '
WP.OUCHT¡RON OP,STg'iL
TAN¡,El 0
1V}iOUCITTTR,ONOR STEEL
2 INCII s--itEDULll 4J 2,ú INC¡I SCHEDUT,E{O
I NOMINAL

DISSHARGE
lD-2.007 INCHES
r/D -0.00087
¡
NO}IINA¡,

DISCIIARGE
_
ID -2.a69 INCIIES
c/f, -0.$0729
-A.Un72-[-
trv
v v f2s, r*t & ¡m v Y /2e fcet per l0O

t CFS
0.m6ó8
0.m891
GPM ll/*o
o.t9t
0.2E7
0.382
feet

0.00138
a.w¿n
feet of ni Ct'S
0. 00608
0. üJggt
GPII!
0.20r
0.268
lsec feet

0.000628
0.00t 2
0.0025t
fsst of pipc

0 . 0 1Ir 0. {78 0.00355 0.0r3{ 0..rü2

I 0.0134
0.0158
0.017E
0.574
0.669
0.705
0.0051t
0.00696
0.00900
0 . 0r 7 8
0.0J23
0. 0207
0.636
0.670
0.80{
0.00{.r7
0.00698
0.0rno
0.0!01 0.8{0 0 . 0 15r 0.03i2 0. 938 0.0r37

t 0.vr¿g
0.0a67
0.03r2
0.0356
0.056
l.t5
r.3{
1.53
o . 0 r{ 2
0.@05
0.0978
0.036{
0 .0356
0.0{0t
0.0.1-t6
0.0{90
t ,47
|.21
!..3-l
t.47
0 . 0r 7 9
0.02?6
0.027s
0,0i¡35

I 0.0{01 t.72 0 .0 { e 0 0.0535 t.6r 0.0.102

0.{N.r6 l.0l 0 .0s6s 0.0579 t.71 0.0{72
0.sr90 2.10 0.o6s8 0 .062{ ¡.88 0.0s7
0. 0063 2.0r 0.0028
0.0535 2.29 0.0818

I 0.0579 2.49 0.0960 0 .0780 2.35 0.0855

0.062{ 2.68 0.lu 0.0891 2.68 o.lt2
0.cri68 2.87 0.124 0.lm 3.02 0.l.ll
0.0780 3.35 0.17{ o.ill 3.3.5 0.174
0 .1 2 3 3.69 0.21I
0.089r 3.92 0.n7
I 0 .t 0 0
O.II¡
0.¡23
o.l3{
t.30
1.78
5.S0
s.74
0.288
0.355
0. {30
o . 5 rI
0.13.{
0.I.t,1
0 .t ó 6
0 ,t 6 7
4.02
.1.36
4.60
5.03
0.?5t
0.295
0.3{2
0.393
0.1?8 ó.36 0.147

I 0 .l { 5
0.15{i
0 .l t i T
0 .¡ ? 8
6.2r
6.69
7.17
7.65
0.6fD
0.69S
0.790
0.009
0.r89
0-?0t
^ olt
''8á :;i.
'. f;). -
g{ti .
5.70
603
6.37
0.50+
0.565
0.630
0 .l 5 $ 8.13 1.03 o.223 1{r}:, 670 0.633

I 0 ,? r 2
0.2?3 i":mii,,
8.60'
9.06
9.56
I.t5
t.?3
1.42
0,21t,
O.2tt7
0.290
u 0 .:
t20 .-'
. llg0
{} ',.
7.37
E.0.1
8,7r
0 .E { {
r.00
I 18
0 .2.f5 {ilo !{- 10.52 r.72 0.3t:¡ 9.3á¡ I .37

I 0.2ri7

0.?00
0 . 3t 3
11.5
12.4
1 3 {. '
2.05
2.10
2.78
0.:lil¡
0.:lsü
0.370
150 "
160 .'
t¡0
IO.G
t0.7
Ir.{
l.ñ7
t.?9
2.82
0.33t 1.t.31 3.?O 0..r0i It{r. t2.r 2.36

I 0.3i6
0 .3 ; 9
0.{0i
r5.3
t6.3
17.2
3 .6 4
.{.lt
{.60
o..12:i
0, .l{6
0 ,{ 9 0
ts
200
2m
12.7
t 3 .{
,^47
,Et

2.75
ó. .JO

,j .t'j3 r8.2 5 .t 3 0 5;li 2t{, 1 6 .t 1.O2 ,38;tiir

I i , _{ i 6
0..t00
0.535
lf),1
?l.0
22.9
5.68
6.6E
8 .r 8
(i.f¡70
0.6--,1
{ ) .{ i f i 8
0.780
zffi
:80
300
350
1 7. 1
r8.3
? 0 .i
4'.¡ (
4.72
5..17
6 .2 b
8 .á n
{{i $;:
Á1.
,5t;
t9:
it
0.579 ul
i'ffi:* 24.9 9.60

I 0 . 6 'rJ
0.668
0 7t3
ü .? 5 S
,r,,ttrti'il
26.8
28.7
.".'D. a.i:- 3 0 . 6
m;,li 32.5
IL r.l
r9.6
t{.5
1 6 {.
tn
¡.t6
166
187

I i).602
,l 6{7
') s3l
300'-
3E0
{o0 .
3 { .{
36.3
35.2
W¿
t33
25ii
No ¡llorrance h¿s L¡ee¡¡¡nade for are, dilerenees in tii¿mrtc¡, or ln1'lhnrrrrnl¡i contj¡i;co r¡í i¡rlc¡íur lr¡ii:.:rc. Á n v i i l c l o r
i--.
!. :,t :1

'' "'ti

I
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curf¡ce- Any {actor

NOTE: N , r a i l r : n . a r r . r i r r * b c e n m n d c f o r r g e , i { i f ' ! e r r . , : c ers- i d ¡ $ m e i p r , o r e n 1 , e b n o r m ¡ l e o n , l i t i c n o f i n t e r i o ¡
¡ o f * " i u i l . ¡ ¡ ' s t h e e s l j m n t e d f r o m t h e i ¡ c a l , . o n r j i r i , ' n s¡ n r l t . l ¡ e r c q u i r e m e n t s o f e : r c h p a r t i c u l r ' r i n t i t ¿ i l ¿ t i o n .

I I ti I

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 I'l I'll ¡'n t(:'ll{} \ il :\ I\ l"\1,
FRICTION LOSS FOn wATEn IN l,'t;l]l'
I'I]t¿ l{)o FEE'r (iF t)}pF-
't'Alil.li
r
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--_, N0il €/D -0.00frJ:6 l D = b { " f (I¡i ! C ¡ i L S
é,iD=0.m160
DISCIIARGE
0Fs cPlt
--:.--___:::: '1, ¿,.t: ¡r¡¡ec lcet
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t0
0 .0.t{6
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I¡i T'EE'I'PEN IO{) FEET C}F I,IPE

t ll
ROUc¡tTlR()N ()¡t s'rl,E[
TANI.E I;

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t _ NOITIN^i.--_
DISCITARGTT:
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I PIPE FRICTTON i}fANTJAI,

I
¡
FRICTION LOSS FOR \TATETI IN F'IjET I'I.]R IO0 }-EE'I' O¡

I2 INCH
TABT,EI8
}VROUCHTIRON OR STEEL
S C H E D U I , E{ O
ID-ll.e3S INCIIES
é / D- 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 1
ASPHAI,T.DIPPBD
cAs'f ltt0N
lD -t?.ü) In*CII!-S
c/D - 0.0ffi{fi)
I'II'I9

NOMINAL _
[- t Lt¡ Itt

I
D]SL:HARCg v v /28 v Y /2u feeLper 100
CFS G feet Ít/*e fe¡:t íe*t o f !
0.00r38 0.28{ o.üitt
s.267 0.34.¡ 0 . 0 0r 8 4 0. 3{0 0.ült8t) 0.004{5 :
0.312 0.{01 0.00250 0.397 0.üJ2{5 0.00$8e i

I 0.356
0..r01
---T'lT{ti--
0. 490
0 .5 3 5
0.459
0.510
-lsis-
0.631
0,6E8
0.00327
0.0(}1r{
-blmirr
0.0116lli
0. c{)73ó
.,0.0111
:' 00.0132
.0r5.5
0. {5-1
0 . 5 1i
-iñot--
0 .tiz{
0.681
0.0{).1ü)
0. 00320
0.0{}t0á

0 .00ir0ír
{J.0072r)
0.trr5¡
0.mg&t
o.0lr29
0.0r35
0.0rsE

T 0.579
0.tt?4
-6:666-
0.780
0.7{5

0. 660
t.00
0.00503

0.0itó
o.0150
0.0180
0.mos
0.
,-: 0.0S0:'r.'
.,
0.738
--0.0 .7 9 {
0. 993
c5r
0.008.t5
0.00980
-aoii¡-
0.015.3
0.0t82
0.0208

0.0810
0.8s1 r.t5 0.0i0{ -',r-.,0.0391 l. 13 0.0200 0.o{04

I 1.00
l

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1.29
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lT8
0.0'159
0.03r9
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0.01(n
ij-.'C.{X85,..,,
:'':.jO.0587,
.: 0.06s
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l .28
| ,12
r.ñ-
i.70
0 .0253
0,03t3
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U . U ó .ó
0.0-150
0.0500
0.060r

0.0E45
I .45 I . fiti 0.c)iu : : 0 . 0 9 5 0: l.8'¡ 0 .0528 0.0990

T I . rlfi
T.C'7
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r,f5
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2 .l 5
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2.44
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:0.109 '.
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I .99
2.13

2.11
0.0613
0.0703
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0.0m3
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0.131

0. t6'6
2.5i 0 .t 0 t 0.l8-f

I
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2.69 n Itl 0.2üt
.) '¡? 0 . i',lir 0.224
n r (l
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0 . 2 ¡I 0.372

!
?.90
0.?{5 0.128 ,
J,J.I --ii.0 .? 6 1 0.488
ó. JÜ :iro-
3.79 0.lifil 0.62I

I {.01 0.-l0i 0.6s5

{.?3 5.39 0.'l,"rl 0.771
{ ..10 i67
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t{--_-- t;0;---
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I s.79
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738
t.ut
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T
lt ¡ tt i.
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5 500 J. ;f; I 6.¡7
t3 .l 6 000 +.¡() | 7.30
tt J |¡ + I 8.5i)
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 tI l't)ttAu r,lc lN5'rl1'uTE

WA'I'ETITN IIEE'I' PER IOO FEET OT' PIPE

FRICTION LOSS F-OTT

'rAt}l,E l9

sTl,;tiL--- s(illl':t)ul,¡t 'r0 ASPTIALT.DIPPI'D

c^sT IRON
l l ) = l : f. 1 2 4l N ( ; l l l ' : S

II
l{ lNull 0l) lD=lr.ül lliCIIF,S
c/l) = 0.ü$i37 c/D - 0.0003.13
lrt t h¡
DTSCTIAN(;!; v v /28 fcet p9rr00 v vnc feet,p9rr00
cF8 GT'}I - -_ftl1e.9_ feet o¡ fUsec feet fcet o l l
0.{.r0 0..t7,1 i- o.oo¡r'e- o.m?0{.1'
:
0.{t7 0.0ü2i0
0. f)¡7 0 ,t93 ; o.u).J{6 0.0106 - 0 .5 2 1 0.00.112
0.c$s 0.71f I o .ot);Ed O.0l{7- ,.' 0.62.'' 0.00608

i
0.780 0.830 , 0.0107 0.019{' t'.' o.729 0.00827
0.891 0 .g i s . 0.0t{0 0.w47:x'-..: 0.831 0.0108
l. ¡ 1* 0 0:i3 e.c3?0{.r 0.0ic9
1.¡.1 0 . ( , r :Il 4 0.o{il7'rl'rr I .25 0.02{3
I .,16 ti6 0 0123 0.0683f¡ 1.46 0.0330
l.78 txl L l .r l ; i 9 0 . a f i t . " : ': l.O/ 0. 0432
¡ 2.Ol 2.t3 0 0;ü3 0.108 . . t.&c 0.0547
T .'ta , 37 0.0s;{ 2.08 0.0675
2.45 t ,ir 0 . lOt'r 2.2!' 0.0817
2.t)i , ti¡ 0. i ?rj 2 .Í 0 0.0972

I 2. !S
3.12
3 .3 {
tirj

ó.Jtl
0. i lsj
0 l;i

0 .l s ;
,, (¡''

3 .r 3
0 .l t {
0.132
0.t52
.0,r72'

t#H#
ld¡?siili';
;i:#ffi'.l
I
3.5{; ú.rJ 0 2'lt 3.&] 0.¡73
3.?9 .1.(_B o ) - ,1 ;]..i.{ 0. rgli
{.01 . t. : 7 0 .2s3 ó,1:) 0.2rft i,0:slsllFd
.t .)0
4.23 0 . 3i . " r 3.96 4.244
9,9tr+ifl
{.{0 {.7+ 'J.3{C 4.t7 O.2t-O
'¿.i)7 ó.93 u . Sl f i 5.2r 0.422 0.
¡ 6.ü8 l.lt U .r¡ t ) t¡.2i¡ 0. co¡9
7.30 .3..-ro l.rJ; 7.29 0.s27
8 . 9¡ 946 l.10 8.34 1.08

I to,m
ill
r3 . 1
I j'¡.6
t0¡
lt fr
I4 2
lri ri
2 .: 3
3 .i I
.1.::s
9.38
1 0 {.
t2.5
,.1.{i
r .37
| . (if|
2.43
:t.30
r 78
. 190 5 .t 9 t6.7 4.32

I N)l
22 :l
I 000
l00m '
It 00 ri 'Jri I
;0s
s.i f
l{} i;
2
18E
' n09.t
i,..17
?r.t,)
8 .t 7
2 6 .; 12$J0 ?s .'r tt ¡l 250 0.7'2

I ?9.0
3t2
:iJ {
130{n
14ofa
tó 0q)
:Jr) rl
'¿'),)
3ir li ,
t.r.3
i7.l
l$ 7
'l::.
m.7
23.7
tar

29.2
3¡3
il..1
13.2
f52
3:¡ (; t6ofi 3;9 I 26.E :t3 3 t7 :l
¡ 't. \t l7 0@ 1(.r:' ,ti l i¡0.2 3i'4 19i
I .t(].¡ l8 000
i,t 0
, 23,3 sa.9 ó¿J

30.{i
2t fi

2 4. 1
¡0 000 .Ít .t
t1 t¡ 20000 1; '{ :i.t.9 4l.7 2 t '. l l

I ll¡
.i3
.i7
0
;
!f
nsn
24Afi
26 CAO
.',ti 1l
ril li
t¿.,t
;r).3
. - , 1 1l .

.,.,
4 5 .9
50.0
54?
3'¿.7
&39
{ 5 .( i
t\2 4 ?8 tY{t rli.l 8¡.{, ¡9. .1 i2.tl
í:.) -.
t ,;ü q -: t ;\ r i O¡.
3li,'i-r.l *9.{

NOTF,: N ¡ ¡ a | 1 , , ¡ r ; ¡ , . r t ¡ ; r ¡ l r m n l l ¡ . t t l c Í r ' r : i q e , r l i l T e r r n c r : ': t t r . : : l m c t e r . o r r n v a b n o ¡ m l l c c ¡ n d i t i o n o f i n t e r i o r ¡ u r f n c e . A n 3 ' f a c t o r

II of srfcrr. ii;ilsr lre r*ri¡r¡nterl f¡r,n¡ thc iocnl rrntl¡l ,.rns.:nd t!Lc r(',u¡rem:n1s of each particulnr iüslnllÁt¡on.

I lóI
! FRIüTION LOSS FOR WATEN IN F'EEI' I'ER I(}{) FT'E'T (}I' PIT'N
I'tPE t Ittrt't.!()N ntANIIAt.

'LAt¡t,I; !0

s'fr:El, - sclIEDULl, 40 ASP¡IAI,T.N¡PP¡.;I)

!I
CAST IN0N
Iü INCIT OT} ID-15.(r)o lNCilES , ID -lti.fi) INCttl']S
c/D- 0.000120 c/D - 0. fiX)3{Xl
2
DISCIIARGD v v Y /2e
CFS GP[I ftlsec -J!/:." fer:t feet of pips
.6ri8 0. 5.r5 0.-r7e I r0 .00356
.E9l 0.728 0.638 0 .00633
, I t.t 0.908 0 ,7 0 8 0.00t89
, J.l 1.00 0.957 0.01n2
,56 r.27 ¡-12 0.0r9{

Jó t.45 0.03?8 t.28 o.üc53

.].01 ¡.63 0 . 0 ii 5 I .4{ 0.0320

T
r t,t l .82 0.0513 1.60 0.0396
.) f,7
2.18 0.073s t.9l 0 .0 5 7 0
? l.) 3.5{ 0. t0(-){ 2.23 0.0775
2.90 0.131 2,55 0 ,r 0 ¡

T
3.56
{.01 3. 3 7 0, ltlú 2.87 0. t'.¡fl
{..i6 3.03 0.205 3.19 0.tSfJ
.t. 5.1 0 320 3.99 a.2.17
d.68 5..r5 c.40r 4.79 0 .3.'r0
I

7. Lio 6,35 0.6?7 ' 0 , 7 1 8, i r ' ¡. JÓ 0.4¡i.5

601 7.?6 0 .E : 0 , 0.921.,i... 6.38 0 .6 3 3
i 0 .c 3 8.17 t .0.r i I l5'fj-i1: 7. t 8 0..\01
¡ it r 9 .0 3 t.?3 - :t.{}.;1;';' 7.9E 0 .9 b 9

I
ll].'t 10.9 I .6i .: ?,01 .' 9.57 I .'ll

r5.0 12.7 .t '^l

".9.09 rt t |0{
I /.ó t.{.5 3.23 3.49 ¡2 . 8 !. i)3
''n I . 1. t 5 3 .! 0
t { i. 3 - 4.38 ta,t

:.l:].J 182 5.3E rt l . 0 3 {xi

!{.5 200 6.2C 6.49 t7.ri .1-79

:'ri.7 2 1. 8 7.3E r ? . ü 9, ' ' . ¡ 9 .I b. /u ,0.5¡,-t'

r*0 ?3.6 s.06 LSg 21J.7 6.{i9 8 .18 i ¡' i' ." " 1 :
.' tY. ?
¡ :tI ,,
2 5 .{ r0 (}t 10.{. ' t.) .l
L a;,

J3 .-f 2 7. 2 ¡1.5 lr.0 !3.0 ¡t.00 l0.r

JJ.I) 290 ¡3.1 .. lC.5 , :.'. 2.5.5 t(! I ll .ó:',
'
; l

¡ 3 t .I ;ii*:'r 309 l{ rl ¡ b . g, . " ' I ¡.{ lg.0 .

!
i0.¡ ,r'lt(m'; 327 t 6 .B 1 7 , 2. 287 r2.8 t{.6 '
i3.3 ,10ffi:'; J{.O 18.Í¡ i r9.2 303 l{ 3 10.3
t{.0 '20ffir 3ri 3 :0.5 2t.2 3rI t5.s tE.r
{0.0 22e 3 9 .I :{ .8 25.5 , J;' I illI 2¡.8
2 {m 430 !9 ír 30.2 36 :¡
,)., g
ll.s
g).{
.'¡7I 26000 i, . { 7. 2 JJ.rl 85.4 {r 5 lri.7
t i l .{ t8000' ,i0.s .to 'l 41.0 tt.¡ ;¡l () its.3
riii..s 30m ;l+ . l) .l(; . I 4?.0 .17.tt 3,i r¡
.lo ;
$.9'
&r0{p 5Sl :-.) I
53.5 il I {6.0
¡
7;S 34üt ri¡ 7 Ír$. :l 60,t ;r.t.,) 51.9
\i. ? 3ó 0@ r¡i..t ri(i .l 6?.3 .iL I il.;l 58.I
3t0m ri9.0 75.0 (i0 {i ,lI I &.7
-).1
\!l I a0 ocf) ¡i?.{) 83.0 r ; : tH
. r;:i ll 7t.7
|:l . ij {j¡m0 :'l 't ,txl..t 9r.5 ri7 (, {;lt . :i 79.r
¡
1 ¡ S{ } 140m 71)l) 1r9 .1 t01 ¡ l l l l 88.9
ril.-r {6 000 l{}s .l Ir0 !.t I ¡).t t 95.0
{8000 ti. n8 1|l '..' 103
¡ i ¡l, l'

r'¿E ;tt \ . l) t12

I l;
i** l¡il fi HS 1r_r

.tl l'!l: ) ' l o l l l ¡ ¡ w ; r ¡ t c r r j r ¡ ¡ s l x r - ' t ¡ n l l ¡ l c f o r r t g c , . l i l f r , : r : l t r : r : irt t r l t : t t 1 1 ( t u r ,{ r r : r l l \ . i r l ) , l t t r ¡ r l i ¡ lr : , t l r ( l i l i t } t tr r f i l r l r' l: l¡ ' t ¡ ' ts l r r f ; . ' ' c . , \ l l - } ' f ¡ t c t o ¡
¡ o i - . ¿ t u t J ' I n u l t l r t i t : ¡ t l ¡ ¡ ¡ : r l t r l i r ¡ r ¡ ¡ t t l ¡ c l i | | : ¡ l c r , ¡ r ( i l l . ¡ , r t r . : ¡ l l , li l t r : r t i r l l t l r t ' J ¡ l r l ¡ l i r , l r ' ¡ . t : l ¡1 r : r r l i f r l l ; r r t'lll'tlt¡tll.

I tt j

I
 l¡ l t)ltAtrt,tr: I Ns't't'r'tJ't'l:

rfuüt'l(tN l,().5sr{}lt w^'t'}:tt lN l;¡..ti'l'l'litt ltt(t ti'liliF OI,. !!I'ti

l"uil.l:2l

^81ll¡tr,T-DultEt)
(;ASrr IRO;
r g l N ( : , 1i l l ) t¡ Il):¡3.¡6 tNdlfs
a/r c/D - O.ü1126l
J)lscllAlt(¡t.: t h¡
v ! /2r feet per 100
_ _ J..13_
_ GI'TI -- f!/r.--... feet fee¿ól
0.0{18 0. 4:ll¡ 0.0f128s o.ü)m
0.891 o.'5i.| 0.ü)l-¡12 o.{x}359
: . I t.l o 7t7 0. 00t90 r}.ünt8
1l 0.8¡it 0 . 0r 5 o.00880
I . .; | .fx) 0 , 05r 7 a,t ñatl

r.?8 ' ,'8m. i . ¡il 0.03rJ5 a-0158

000',:; p.0g{n
" ., .1 . t.29 o.0259 t. t3
2.2,' ' f f0i m | .4;l o.Gt20 o.v¿47
2.f¡i t.72 0 0160 r.5l o.0350
3.12 ^'q| 2.tll 0. (xi2r t.Tl o-0{81
2.34) 0.03r9 2..'tn o.(ffi2
r,t,l . l A¡., 2.5$ 0. 10:(' 2.27 0.08(n
t .1f, t0m 2.t2 o.0088
, 3600 (}.1i'¡.1
o.ut
6. frq
:. e0m l .{i r., J0{J
0.zRC
3.lfi
3.78 o.2t2
7.80 ', a5oo.: it.ll2 r 4.11
rt¿ o.303
E.0r {m f¡.71 " . ltl'J 5.$l O-39f¡
t0.@
rt
,.., a ó m 6. 4.r' l - } .' i 1 7 5.07 o.f00
t 6me 0 i99 6.30 o.0t8
R .ó ; Ll5 7 .ltl o.&q0
ll'¡.0 ''^ ' 7 ü 0 lnf I57 8.83 | .21
1 7. F 8ffi 2.lti, 10,00 r.58
20.I I 000 ," !l 2.51 I t.¡ 2.00
t2.3 lOrr- .,t :l 3.20 12.6 2.17
2r] '¡ ..- ¡¡¡, t7.? 4 . f'{f t 5 .t ¡.rfi
3t.2 11t' 2rl I $.27 17.7 {.84
t.5.0 tÉ.fl 2?.!) 8.l0 m.2 6.32
t r l .I üx' ?f¡.,9 tu.3{i 22-7 8.fi)
t.t .6 ¿000 2s.7 t2.8 25.2 9.&3
a o .o &¡qp :ll.{i I 5 ..r¡ 27.7 t2.0
2 {m 3t.4 l s .{ 30.3 l 1. 2
6 7. t ' utm : t 7 .J 2t.6
'2lt. I 32.8 t6.t
C,2.'l 28mO 1ü.2 3fi.3 lo,4
{m.8 a0ü0 .l:t 0 2 S
' J32.. 7 .?7.E 22.tt
7r.:¡ 8rm ,ll'r.0 {0.3 2fr.J
?fi. I atm {R8 3 7. 1 ) &t.8. '12,9 28.6
&,.2 30m .11. {i 4t..t 80.8 l$ .4 lz.0
8 . r. 7 at(F0 l'rl. 5 1ft.2 .10.E' 17.9 &rr.7
8!r.I aom . t r ? .{ Í1.2 .45.0 ¡o. I 3fr 5
l$.ri rt ox, litl ,ll t'ri. ,l n,7. l¡3.0 13.fi
!n a{üx, fi3. I til.!t 6¡.6 ' "'J.:' ftr¡.Í¡ {7.8
,ll! 400m Hi It 0 7 .7 60.ü''. , I¡$,0 52.3
lfli It0@ lis !t 73.7 64.8 ..\ 00.5 f{¡.0
ill t0m 7t .7 7!).ll 70.2 :'' ,. 6t.0 6 r, 8
trl 66qn 7!{ !r flri. i 8l¡t . . .,.., 60. ¡ 71.7
f3l 00m0 srt I lli l0l ' ,¡t.ll &c.0
l.t5 06m !t32. l&'i llt r., 82.0 t0t.{
tni 70m lril..l I fi? rao 8.c.3 t2l uE'
N(''|.E:l{r¡n||.¡rt.1llroh:rs|n¡tttnnl|¡-frlr¡¡c.l|ilfl.rencc¡indilme|¡¡.lrfnl¡tlltlrrrm..¡lennr|ilionnfin|crirr¡||trfn¡c.An¡.llctor
r¡l r:'.fclt l¡r¡¡f ln nrlir¡¡llr.rl fnrr¡t lhe l¡rnl cnnrlitiol¡s nrrrl tf¡e ro¡rrirerncntr ol each ¡rnrt.iarlar imt¡¡thtion.

ltsl

I
l
'^.

PIPIi FRIC'TT()N i|fANTJAI,

OF PII'E
LOSS FOR WATETTIN FEET PER IOO FEET
FRICTTON
TAllt.E 2!

STEEL-.SCHEDULE TO

JC INCII OI)

DISCII.{RG}.J
GP[f 0.306 0.00116
':"'ií"800 0.3.16 0.ml86 0.408 0.m?59
;-6¡J -;';ttm 0.00331 0.{n.t05
ú.Sg,i 0 ..tñ2 0.51I
a.577 0 . 0 0 571 0.613 0.00563
i.tll 0 .00745 0.00?$l
I .3i 0.692 5
0.71
0. 808 0.010t
l .56 0.010.1
0.0132 0 . 8t 7
0 .923 0.919 0.013t
I .7E 0.016E 0.0t62
2. 0 1 t .030 1.02
t o? l.15 0.0207 r .23 0.0133
r.38 0.0:98 1.{3 0.0318
?.67 0.0.106
Q tq I .62 ,i;'$iQ{?l
I .63 0.0{}5
3.5¡i I .85 0.0530 1.84 0,0ó2ó ',' 0,05Ílil
0.0050
2.08 0,0071 2.0{ 0.06.18
{.cl r tl 0.0828 2 .s ó 0.1013 0.00s8
{. q6

T <aa

b t:-
2.89
3 ..10
,l .o{
{.fiZ
0 .1 2 9
0 .l 8 o
0.25{
0.3:i1
3.06
3.57
.l .03
0.1.16
0 .1 0 8
0.2ó9
0.328
,0,1CI

{ .50
5.19 0.{10 J. I ¡ 0 .{ 0 5
:\-t t 0.517 6l3 0.1'¡83
: 6.92 0 .7 - 1 5 '
IJ 0.?9{
I 0¡J l.0l{ I .0{

I 9,:3
10.39
ll.5
¡3 . 8
l. J-:
I . t-:3

tcr
l{.3
l9 l.Jl

I .6'J
2.:i3

3.16
.r 0s
I 16.2
t8.5
208
23 I
2 5 .{
.i30
t)

8js
r0.02
t ;
163
Iti t
20.{
22.5
1 .l 5
< ti,

6 ,{ 8
7.8{

I ce (
57.9
ü?{
¿l

300
3:.:t
3{.0
, I ilI
I '{ . r,'}
2.1 5
2 { i .i
:8 ti
3 0.{t
,1.) ?
I . ,1.1
l0 f,-¡
IL6
16.Cr
663

I 1l..,

¡) ü
¡ri .2
30.9
3 9. 2
{l .5
439
ó^ .1
llr,.3
1L1I
,tt.,
3¡i 8
riE tt
J0s
Iti.7
olo
?3.1
,)i (l

I
.I
¡t
i$I 46.2 l! f) 1S ri
{ 8 .5 36.5
lJ .6 3l .l
{{.rl
i0.E {{) I ]r 3
í'¡3.I .lrl 8 - 1 9t.) .fl 'l

t Ji,{
¿r/.J
r t 3 i.
{i93
.
6 2. 6
I .. '1,
2 . u'..
i ¡ l. l
,rll . i

(il 3
ri{i .l
tf) i
.19 ()

i)j :i
i il'i .-)
5(),r[
, 5 9 . 0. . ., ,
68,4 '.,"?.

t ''...i
-r ?{} I
?.5.o 5/ .{
8
i
fi0. S l 0 l .r l /t) l' {}t I , ?9.0 ' ''
¡r{;. (i ¡16 3,.'1'_ l0j| 7 80.5
i t.) sl.7
9!.3
f t 6 .s
l0l'
$mo $ s .I !.'r0
'íis 9l .11
rrg
I ();i 1f 128
90000 $? l)
130
$qn t 0 1 )(.i to'.l l
1000CIo llñ.{ ifiT
- r' '*--1;.tiliui-ii. Arrl'faccor
"- d ' r ¡ ¡ v " " ' : ' " - , , " i i i , a r r i . , ¡ i : ¡ir'*i',,',:lilfl...
r
rrrsr .c,ro,*,1. ,,,"ta¡latron' {)r
in' ñ19,in",.:l:"l.ii.:liiT,l'1il'li.i,1il.,,ilil,i'l"i;i';l;i;;;;;;i;,ii,¡r
1 , " , I . c , r ¡ ¡ g . l < f o i a g e , d i f i e r e n c c s . t n _ d ¡t ¿ me!er' u¡rY rrr¡tailatron
:..,i,r!,)\r¡r(.(,
....,,,[ffi.
f u " ' l c ' r t r r l i t t o ¡ s o d t b e r e q t r i r t r t t t c t t t :t t l
,,i:.rfct] ¡ut¡sl i x ¡ . " t i o t " t " t i ' i ' o L j i i t i
 ---l

ie
¿
't

II Y DIIAULIC INS'I'ITU'TE

T.RICI'ION LOSS FON WATER IN FEET I'ER IOO FEET OT PIPE

TABLE 23

STEEL _ SC}TEDULE40 ASPIIALT.DTPPED

CAST IRON
2{ INCII O:) l l t = 2 : ) . 6 2 4I N C H E S ID -24.00 INCH¿'lt
c/ll= 0.üJ0{r796 c/D- 0.00020O
h¡
DISCHARGE
reotjY,roo
t t
v v izL feet per I00 v v /28
CFS GP¡\f fl/sec fee C feet o f t fülsec feot feet of pi
0.608 0.230 0.000891 0.213 0.000703
0.891 0.319 0.0015E 0.284 0.001 25
I .11{ 0.390 0.00247 0 .3 5 5 0.00195 il¡
| ,31 0.479 0.m350 0.426 0.qI2$l .i,i
l.¡6 0.559 0.00485 0.496 0.00383
1. 7 8 0 .638 0.00633 0. 567 0.00¡00
2.01 0.718 0.0080t 0.638 0.00633
ora 0. 79S 0 .00989 0.709 0 .00782
2.67 0.95s o,ot42 0.85t 0.01t26
3.12 t t.) 0.019{ 0.993 0.0153
3,56 ,28 0.0253 l. l35 0.0200
4.01 .44 0.0321 |.276 0.w53
4.46 .00 0.0390 t.42 0.03r3
5.57 I .99 0.00r8 Ln 0.048s
0.68 2.39 0 .089r 2 ,r 3 0.0703
7.EO 2.79 0 .r 2 1 2.4E 0 .0057
8.9r 3.19 0. l l-r8 2.84 0.125
I0.02 3.59 0.zfn 3.l9 0 .r 5 $
tl.I 3.99 0.217 ó. ol) 0.195
13.4 4.79 0 .3t6 4.26 0.2gl
r5 . 6 559 0.485 .¡.96 0.383
17.8 6.38 0.033 D.UJ 0.500
2A.l 7 .t 8 0 .E 0 l rr.38 0.633
22.3 7.93 0.089 7.00 0.78?
20.7 0.;'¡E | .42 ó.lJ¡ 1.126
gr.2 rt o
I.9t 9.93 1. 5 3
¡ 35.0 12.8 2.53 il.3ó 2.(n

t
I
40.1
4 4 .6
t9.0
53.5
57.9
62.4
t 4. 4
r0 . 0
17.6
tot
t(t 'i
:Yll
¿¿.ó
3.21
3 .9 6
4.79
J. /U
0 ,{ ; 9
¡.¡O
t2,76
t4.2
r 5. 6
r7 . 0
r8.4
t9.9
2.53
3 .t 3
3.78
4.50
5.28
0 rt
66.8 23.9 80: 2r.3 7.0:l
7r.3 25.s 10.13 22.7 E.00
¡ 75.8 t'i I lt.{ 24.r 9.01
f 80.2 ?i.7 12.8 Zir.¿ 0 .t 3
8{.7 303 1.1.3 2 6. 9 1.3
89.l 31 9 J5.8 28.4 2.l¡
93.6 33 i¡ 17.i¡ 2 9 .S 3.E
¡

I
98.0 ü). I trl') 3l.2
102 3ü7 2{l o 32.6 Ifi.;
107 3S.3 2:9 3{.0 1 80
lll 39.9 21 7 óJ.J ¡05
123 43.9 29.9 390 23.tt
I34 479 3i.6 ,t2 6 ?al
l.r5 ,';¡.{} 4l R . l ( i I. 3:1.0
156 .ii.9 , l s .. j 196 3s ;i
t67 ;0. ¡r 3:.7 s3.2 4 {. 0
178 till ..q r;3.3 i)o. / i0.0
:80 85 000 li7.8 ,I.;) 14,4 60.3 ;65
201 90 m0 7 18 s{} I .49.7 038 03,3
2t2 95 m0 ;;. -q 8{)3 | ¿o.o' 0/. { 705
223 l$ 0m 7rJ.s gri.g ;. 0l .5 70.9 7S.2
24it iloQ0 R;S t20 74.0 780 9¡6
2f)7 12000 88.0 óol
zlttt 130'100 10$ 92.2
3r2 lfim' :'tgr
ll9 9 0 ,3 I.L'
334 160mo 106 200
No nllt¡rvrneeii:rs been m¿dc for lr{e, differcneerin ¡ii¡metcr, ':¡ ¿nr' :rbno¡m*l eondition of interior sur'í:rce..¡l¡rr.f:retc
of salet¡'mr¡Ft ilc estimotedf¡om the loc¿l conditionsa¡rd'!he rarlt¡ircmcntsof srch pnrticrrlarin¡t:ril¡tion.

tJ0l
 t

PIPE FIIICTION I I fA N T I A T ,

OF PIPE
FRICTION LOSS FOR WATER IN F'EET I'ER IOO F'EET
T.4llLE 24

STUEL * SCHEDULE 20 ASP}IAI.T.DIPPEI)

cas't lR()N
ID-20'0úú ll{Cnlili I l ) = 3 f r ' 0 0i N C I I E S
30 INCII OD ,/l) - 0.!001s0__
c/D- 0.@s?l_ _*
, :
Di.SCIIARCE Y /2e lm
r".¡ ¡1,'{, v v /2s
ftliec feet feet of pipe fl¡lsec ' fu:0
cFS
0.19.{ 0.000587 ;:. , '0,m0806
.0.m0540 0. I82 0.fxx)s]?
0.891 .,,,{xt. _.j o.227 0.0m6f¡0
l.ll{ li 6ü):." 0.2.t3 0.000917 0 . 0 0 Il 5
,i'600 ii 0.29r 0 . 0 0 r3 2 --'.r.0.út116
" o.272
I .3.t 0.318 0.00r57
1.56 i;7s,:. 0.3.10 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 l" 0.ml{7::
1,78 0.389 0.00235 ::; 0.mt87,.i 0;303 0.00205
L800I ':'' 'r
)li
0.00259
0.0029? ;'{- .r"0:ffief
": "'
¡.:.. 0. 408
2.0r ?,imo-?- 0 .{ 3 7
0.0ü2801, 0. 45,1 0.00330
2./J .'1"m0:I 0 .{ 6 s 0.00367
0.5{5 0 m{61
2.67 l2(xl;':r 0.583 0.00528 i. 9.999ni.,
0.ti35 0 ,00ti?7
3 .r ? 1a{n'¡; 0. d80 0 . 0 0 7 1 9 ; il O . m 5 l { } ' . 0 . 0 0 8¡0
3.56 rcm.t* 0.77? 0.00939 t;io.mof4 i 0.72ri
:fi'¡
1 , ):; .- ^i^ r t . 1 3i:'1.' iir.'
,r:
U.Ui ¡9 .'r 0.ü0St4i); 0.81? 0.01+á
r.tll t I lñr-i}¡!'¡.
lñl-i.r;;'¡ rr.6i i o.0r38
0.908
4 .,16 m'.+ü'
12 (DOllJ 0.0?1 0.01{7 '"r ' O , C O m..,
0.01{8'-
€''" r tt 0 .0200
5 .5 7 60'S:'i.r l.2l 0.0229 ':'l 0 .02EE
mdi:':f t..{6 0.0330 : " 0,0X08 i r í36
0.68 . 0.0278'"i'ú I .50 0.0392
7-E0 r.70 0.0{-r9
0.0s87 ' ü,ar¡l,,t;
.''. r.82 0.0512
8.91 t.9{ 2,O1 0.0648
10.02 tro 0.07{2 o.o{.{0,
.': 0.otiff)
0.0917 .: 0.0535. 2 ..r,
27
l¡.|.t 2.43
0 .t 3 2 : 0 . 0 7 5 0"¡'
: , 0.lll¡
1 3{. 2.91 3 .i 8 0.157
t5.6 3..10 0.180 0r100o ,.,
'.,q"l2eiiiil:1 0:205
3.89 0 .?3Ír 3.63
t7.8

h
.1.37 0.297 ,' 0: l6li' :-::; 4.08 0.259
20.1 ;;'0.190' | -,:, { .5{ 0.320
tt2 1.80 0.367 'i: 0 . .t61
:,.\ O.277'í, 5.4.t
26.7 5 .E 3 0.528 '. '
i,! g'¡zt
0.719 635 0.627
3r.2 6.80
0.939 7.26 0.819
3t.6 t-¿,
8.17 1.0-t
.¡0.1 8.7{ l .19 t.?6
.t{.6 9Jl r..t7 9.08
: 2.2t1 ¡l .3 2.00
JJ. ¿ ¡g.l r st¡
1.r.6 3.30 r3.0
0 B. 8
{..t1) l ; - ¡ .ü 3.93
7E.0 r7.0 18.3 l-¡.l?
89.I I 0 .{ 5. 6 7 {i.{8
¡ ?¡.9 20.1
100 I .n:
(Ll7 ' , { . a 8. , . t>r .f s.00
il¡ 24.3 o7, il.5

t r3{ 29.r 13.? 0.i3 ..;:'¡

lf)6 31.0 lt,0 d.¡a, ," ' 3l .8 t;r.,

38.9 :.1 . rl . r1 . 0 36.3 ? 0 .i

lTli .10.ti l1í¡.$
'.,10¡ frl 0m 43.7 21r.7 1 3 . 8I ',
;i .tó. ,l 3 2. 0
'.,11:t lm (XX)' {8.6 3$7 ,'t7,0

I
'19r9 3S.7
:,tli rtgffi, 5 3 .I .ll .{ 20.6

lJtiT rn 000, Í¡8.3 .,il .,J za.l', .'. i! : {fi.¡

; ' ¡ 1I.
2 8 . 7 '. i . 5 9 .0
lllxl ls m rit. l ri2.0
8i1.3' q lLt. i¡ ri2 7
3t'J t{o(XIt: ris.0 7l.9
ri[,.I
3:tI t60m 72.9 8? . i'i 38.2
43.8 ?2.ü ¡it.0
:iit¡ r00000. 7 7. 7 93.9
¡ : '4E.t
rmm 82.6 IIJO

r|
37$ ti¡.?
.il1I r80m ¡t7.{ lr0 61.7
¡32 60.E fif¡.'J
{'J:} ls 00 f}].3
67.r tx).8
20000 fi7.l t.t7
f)i¡.3
{ris 2r0m t02 I(i? 73.E
81.0 ul, s l;i
.¡1n CD m 107 177

t 88.6 !{}l Itill

m m0 t¡: trtI
.)t ¡ l0{} l.\ i
2{0m ' 1960 . 7 tl'¿ 300
zfi 0m t.)t ?9 . ..

;-"*'"**tf ueto
:rce"ln¡'f
S()'fEr x.,;,¡r.--.,Y*.#;ilrl-f *;g"¡¡n"*,*r*tffi r¡f rx¡c[ ¡r;trlicttlrritrsl¡tllul¡r'l¡
fr,¡r¡¡tirc Lrclrlcrnrlitir¡rtr'uriJii,L t",rttirsll¡u¡¡ts
lr: cstlr¡r¡¡r:rl
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¡
t ¿ lI

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tt\'lllt'\[:l,l(; t Ns ' l ' l ' [ u ' l ' r ,

FRtC.rtONL0SSlr0ltw^'tF]|tlN.FEUrPEltl(X|t;tsU'l0FI'[PE

'rADl,E 25

cAsr IRO:{
36 In*ClI c/D -0.ffilllil

Y l?e r..'rl'Í,rcn
DISCTIARGIi \r feel of
fLlso¡
I vt .
leet
cF8 ": __-_

m 0.3lfi 0.0015{
2.23
N 0.378 o wzv¿
2 '(t7 0 . 4 ,1 0.00303
3 .t 2 I 40 0.0039i¡
3 .s 6 t 600 0. rn{
0.5(l7 0.00500
{.01 I 8m
0.630 0.c!0613
{.46 2 000 0.mc65
2 5m 0.7ti8
3.67 0. fl'l6 0 0139
6.68 3 000 0.01s9
7.80 I 500 l t03
0.0';.r7
1 000 L2(i
8 .9 l
L.l i 0.0313
10.02 I.fi6 0.0386
ll.1{ ¡ .89 0. 01156
13.4 '¿')l 0 .0t50
t5 . 6 ol, 0.0988
¡7 . 8
2.8J 0.125
2 0 't 3 .1 5 0 . 1.5{
n.s 3.7¡{ o.722
26.7 4.41 0.303
gl.2 0 .395
5.0{
35.6
l¡.67 0.5(n
l0.t' fr30 0.618
4 4. 0 7 .F S 0.s$5
J¡'. J
0..16 r .39
6 6. 8 1t.03 I .89
78.0
12.E 2.47
8 9 .t t4.l 3.13
t00 r5.E 3 ..16
t¡t 1 8 .$ J.¡)U
¡3t 22.r 7.56
t56 '{.zl :
2i>.2 9 .s B 6.34
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90m0 2E.4 .. " 0.6E

I
20r t 5 .I ' { - e.50
2ta "''. l mm 3l.i¡ ,,J
t2omo 3 7. 8
2(r7
3r2 ' ,.t{0mO 14.1 30.3 l¡.,
t1.2 l0.E
., 100üx, 50..1 39 ir 3r.3
3r{i i,0. 0 17.9
:+180m lt(¡,7
' . .2ú.3-
l {01
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I f f i " * ¿ " r . " _ ^ - . * ¿ n ' ' , ' . * * ¿ " . . . . * - ' . ' . . . rfrorn
of snfct' n'rrt lle esrit'nterl
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r ¡ l ¡ r i i r i ¡ l ¡ t r l f i t r l c r iiit;

t 22l
urfeee
ir¡'t:¡ll:rticn'
of e¡clr ¡r:rrticrtl:rr

I
 t

'
r,IrrE l'Itt{:'rloh ltnxtl-rl'

I i¡

I(X] FltltT OF' I'IPE

FRICTION LOSé !-OR, WATER IN F'EtlT I'[ll

't',r¡tt.Htlt

üf liltf, CAST IRON

{2 INCI{ li) c/D -0.Offlll'l
.*fll?:lt'{lll-I}l?9
ltt Itt
\' /lr{ ft:ct ¡rcr lC{} fcct ¡rer100
DISCIfARC¡I.: v f(.et oi Iri¡!c fret.of ¡ri¡r
ftlsec .-f".l'! '¡
0.{X}0ri:}:i 0.000{71 0.0ü)lEl ,,-
Ll3 rm0 0.33!
0.{x}rriT 0.0009?? 0.0m0YI"-r1:.1
3.3.1 I 500 0 . 3l 7 0.00164 0.00t6E.:úi[ii
.l .-lr¡ 20@ 0. {ri:} 0.fnü33 0.@51
0.5?9 0.fi)5'.1¡ 0.00210
D.ir, 25m
0. 09i¡ 0.00750 0.004{3 . o.mEsl
ri.f8 30@
' 0.0(}{64
85(n 0.811 0.01ry¿
t (fI
. ú . 0 13 3 0.00580
s.flt .. {m 0 .916 0.m720
{ 500 r.0{2 0.0l0fl
r0.0! '. lffi l. tíi 0 .0'.1{}$ 0.00874
I ¡ .l.l
I .39 0.03(x) 0.0r?3
13,.f 0mo
0.0los 0.0162 0.01
t¡.6 , ?mo 0. tlil;i3 . 0.0108 o.o¿n"i
17.8 8m
:9000
t.85
0 .{)d75 0.0258 0.0870:i
: 0 .¡ : 2.0$ o;0slt
. tom 2.3') 0.0\;i:t 'r 0.@u
22.3 2.76 0. l:0 0.O$l
? 0. 7 : ¡2m ',.
3.21 o.l0:t 0.6e1 . '.
3t.? l4m
3.7r 0.313 0.tltó8 r. :
3''r.6 16000 0. l7() O.gg44 :.i. ,l',:
.l{).I l8m0 {. 1.,
.r.63 0 .:ilt3 0.uó i.- ' ,:
.ll.{i 200m 0 ..'¡:.1
I 0.176 .
iJ;1./ 25m J t$

(i.95 0 7;,(l 0.250

0{i.s a00@ L{)J 0.:x¡4
7 x. 0 35m0 t.l I
1 ). : i i I .3;l 0.433
li{t . I : {0000 I . iill 0.545
aó0ül l 0 .{ ' J
lrx) Il.(i 3.0s 0.668
ill ,.500ül
qtm 13.9 3 txl 0.94S
13"{
?000 tll o 'I .0.'i r.n
l5i¡ 5 .33 1.66
lTtt 80m0 18.r.¡
'10.8 u.¡;¡ 2.08
20r 90m g. lr:, 2.ó7
223 rm(m o.t t

3.07
2fi? 1200m 27 I '¡l2{ i..03 4.$E
3t! t{000 3?.{ 'Jr.3 0.16'
3't{i r0{tm 3 7 .I
:70 8.12
.l0r lEom tr,,
{ 6 .3 3:¡.3 r0.00
{ l{i 2 mm
57.0 i'r I 15.0
Ji¡, 250m0
0 9 .5 75.0 ?2.8 '
0{is 3m00 l0? 30.{
7tio 3Sm t i ¡. l 89.8
rmm 9?.6 l3:l
ri$l
r0t.2 ¡ {it 50.r,
¡tn:¿ .60 000
lr6 20t 0t.7
ilt{ 5(s0m

.tífi;¡cr:s i¡r dian¡cter? o¡:¡lc.rr'liti"r¡ of,intcri'rrsttrflce''r"l i""rf

or ir¡rvr¡l,r¡¡,¡
ño rii x" rr*r, ."rr. i,* ,',¡,,,t"ui"i,it iif o*"1'1r:rrtiertlrri¡¡'t¿tlhtio¡r'
rur¡srrrc;ñ;;;üi;;;-tlni "s", r.ü,r i,iri¡,il*-"i,¿'il,l
"irr*-i*1i""
,f srrfery
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I
t PIPE! FITIC'I'ION i t fA N T I A I ,

b
I
I

FRIC'TIONLOSS FOR WATER TN FEET PER IOO FEET OF I'IPE

¡

F
¡
5{ INCII ID

DISCHARCB v
TAI|.E 28

t
Y /'2s
s'uiul,
c/f) -0.0000333
ht
feet frcr 100
C.{ST IRON
-- :ill:9.9{!{le--
lrt
feei per 100
t CFS GP}{ fllsec feet --r*!gEtg- ___L*t rflpe --_
{.{6 i. ?üX) . 0.260 0.001?2 0.000{88
i':26ffi -:- 0.3;0 0.mr9l .0.000ru -:
O.mlü| " ,'
J. J/
{i.0s /:::.
"!::; ¡¡' 0..r20 0.0027.{
¡ .-:i, .)300
0.00t34 i. ::
7.80 ; .; B 600..i,, 0..t|{) 0.0f]37{
¡ i .c l
- {m "' 0.500 0.00.188 '0.st?2
'
...'i., , .:'
...,.:'
v.' -.¡ 0.630 0.c0618 0.0@18 .' :'
Irl.0? I . , ,5' 500 i.
0o0'..:' 0.7{]o 0 .00769 , 0.00257,' I
¡ li t{
¡3 . . 1 j"' ' 6 mO;.5.j 0.M0 0 . 0 ir $ 8 o.00ss8
tJ.f) 0.9s1 0.0t{9 0.00470;
" : - r 7 Q 0 ;; .i f 0.0:95 0.0csl0'
.,8000 l.l?i

¡ -r).1
, r : i . ig 0 m . : ' r .26 0 .0t{7 0.00760 0.üEm
i-.J i',:. 10000 . I ..r0 0 .0lio5 0.0010 0.009?0'
' : d. 7 ,.'.1¡0co t .65 0 ü-r39 0.0r29 0.0137
, !4 000 l .96 0.0598 0.0r?r 0.0182
lil';.0 ,.: lB@ 0 . 0 7 8I 0.9219 0.@34..
¡ ' t8$r! 0.09s8 o.wrs 0.Ú2e1
lir. I 2 .5 2
4i6 20000 !.E0 0.122 0.633 0.03{X},
. O.05O* 0.0550

t i¡.-r7 ." 25ü)0' 3, 5 0 0 l9l

l¡ri 6 . 80m {.20 0.:7{ 0.0?13 0.r¡&
750 3.r000 .r.9C 0.37{ 0.0958 0.100
litl. I .'f0ül 500 0..ftl8 0.114 0.137
i ¡ R i !. l4nm 6.30 0 618 0.t55 0.1t2
ilt.{ 50m 7 Cd) A 7tt2 0. r89 o.2tl
:00C0O 6 .i 0 I .0s8 o.ffi1 0.30r
¡ l.{s '0.35E 0.{q} :.. ,l
i;{j TO{m 9 . 6i

¡ 7¡i " 8nm.' ll qt

r .95 0.{ri5 0.630
201 0000 l:.6 2.17 0.586 0.668
::J lm(m'. 1.t.0 3.05 0.7rS u.820
¡ aJ¡,7
u00m.:; 16s {.30 t.02 l. rE
1l ,t
140000 ¡1.i I 9 .{ i ó.98 r.38 r.5s
."; ;
'

t
t
3,'{t l00m 1j,, n . l. t 7.81 1.80 ,.st .
{()I rt(}m0 :: oi 0. tui 2,2tt 2.82
tlu 2mm0 '.1 ?8.0 to,, 2.n 3.n
2f!(x)0';;1 3¡1 0 r9.l 4.9,
'0. ó.01
l9 '
Jlt

riri8 ,3m000,,. 12.0 :¡,{ 7.28

T ?s0
s0l
i (X}J
.8ü0ü
j:1ff ffi r ,
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,:r.
.t9.0
.i6 0
( i 3. 0
3 7. 1
{ri .ti
dl.ri
8.{0 -
1r.m
r3.9
r?.0
0.8¿
12.8
t6.2
20.0
'i? 5ñü0 700 7 6 .!

t
.ilt
ir óá0000 770 $'J.3 20.6 21.2
's{.0 28.E
!ó.t/ 6mm 1 0 9 I. 24.1
i.l.¡s .060{m,, 9 S ,l l'.!9 28.7 ' ?3.7
I it;ú .?mm , l lo I ¡-¡9 3:t.2 39.0

I
t \ril'E,; N o ¡ l l o t r ¡ n c c l ¡ ¡ l 5 b c c n m : r r l c f o r ; r g e , r l i l i e r c n c c ¡ ¡ n d i ¡ r n c t c r . r : r : r ¡ l v t i ¡ ¡ r < ¡ f n ¡ i ¡ lc r ¡ r ¡ r l i t i o no f ¡ r ¡ t e r i ( ) r . s r ¡ r f : r e e. {, r r 1 ' f : r c t o r

t , , f s n f c t ¡ ' m u s t l ¡ e e J t ¡ n r o t e ( Ji r o n ¡ t h c l ¡ ¡ c : ¡ lr : r ¡ n d i t i r ¡ n su ¡ ¡ r l t l r e t ' c q t t í r c n l c t r l sr r f c l c l ¡ ¡ u r r t i c t t l u r i ¡ t : l l ¡ l l : ¡ l t t r ¡ t .

Í251

l
 I I Y T ) I TA I . 't , I C I N S T T T U T E

li\i }.EE PEIT I OO }.EE'I' O}. PIPE

Fnlc'rl()N L()SS [r{)n \VA'I'ER
"1"\lil,ll 29

60 INCII ID

v v {2s
DISCUANGE f¿'cü
(IFS *-1*--
_f-!/1o."_,
0.22i o¡oosrlo
4.40 l UJO
0 .28,1 I o.otllzs
:) ¡¿ 26m 0.3{0 I o.ooteo
f¡.08 3000'
0 397 I o.oozcs
7.80 I S€O 0. {ir'l i o'otlszo
8'9t { 000
0.51r I u.mnou
l0 0:
.' 4500 I o.otlstxl
60c9 0.5fi7 I o. txtigo
11.14 0coo' 0.0s1 I o.oosso
! . t {

70m 0 71)1 o'otrs

l5 . ',.i ' 8C{O 0.9{i3 I
17,8
I
0?i
i o.ctcz
2r).i I 09, I o.o:m
vj.3 l0 000 .ttr i o o:gs
10.7 12cto irÍ) i o.oso:
ill.? ' 1146Cm
0 ü !' 9.)
I o ostg
35.S 0 00.1s
'' 2 0.1
4 0 .I 180c0 0.0800
4{6 20m0 2.84
0.125
25800 3 ..t0
0.180
5D. r gl0c0' 0. 2 { i
6C.8 3.97
78.0
85ülo .- .
' 4.51 0.320
8 9 .I
40000: 0 .405
.-
1 0 0. 2 ' 450ü
5o@o'. 5.n7
0.5{X)
0.720
ttl d
60aco 0 .s l 0. e80
i3.{ 700m 7.9f
1(A
rlR
9.08
l?3
80(m r0.21 1. 6 ?
trl l mc/10 ll.3
?.00
223
r000(x) 13.{'r
2 .E 8
2&7
1200m 15.0 3.92
3t2
laoú0
o. rt
1$@ 1E.2 6.1E
356 t80w xq t)1. 4 8.m
401
446
2mm 28.4 12.5
UJ'
2¡O000 34.0 18.0
6CC aú0m
2.1.5
'3 ú 0 m0 30.7 3 2 .c
78() {5.4
391 'i. 4{nm 5l.l 4 0 .5
1002 ' 6lqom
üm ;ll) . /
l'.¡0.0
ll¡4 ', 'ó500ü 62.,1
60.5
rú4,
r i 8 .I i2.o
r337 6mm - ? 84.5
660@0 - t39. 8 9,q.0
I 448 .4
l5tl0
?1xl000, 8 5 .I tL2,8
t671
?50000 ¡." s). -q 128
1782
8m0(Ít

-ffi ,orrf:rce'Án
Nor F.: )1",;}11;llHJ J'rio¡n i heIoc'rr
liir,i,,iii
T,-J
t16l

I
 PII'E FRic,TIoN ilIANIIAT,

...
I
j
FRICTION LOSS FOR WATER IN FEI.]T PEII 100 l'EIi?' 0F PII'ti
TAlr¡.E 30

72'lNC¡I .5'f 1il,;L

'i lt:rl,9l! i{l
'lt¡
DISCIIAR(;Ii
crs CI'IU ftlsec
v. t,rt
/ -6 fccf lcr lfX) r"*t¡1,l,"
trxt
ftl! fccL r¡f l¡il¡c
'o.omi:s-'-'- f*-! ,ir lipg._.- _
{. {6 0. lfiií 0 . fxxl:$7 0.m013ó
,). D/ 0 .r 9 7 o .0()(xiO{ 0.000183 0.000r86
6.68 0.2í17 0.0{x)r70 0.000?51
7.60 0.000258
0.27t) 0 . 0 0t l 8 0.000338 0.000312
8 .9 l 0 . 30r 0.cor55 0.000{27 0.@0135
10.02 '0.000530
U. óJJ 0 {l()19{; 0.0005{0
I r . t.l 0.3{r{ 0.0ri21:, 0.m06{0
ri . . t 0.000656
0..r73 0 { n l r1 6 0.000E90 d.m@la
|5 . 6
r7 . 8
0.5ir2 o.(x)l7l 0.ml18 0.00r2rr-
0.631 0.(u,0
r9 0.00150 0.001ó5
tu. I
0.71(") 0 .00;.13 0.m186 -:
0.0193
¿J.J
0.7.{9 0 .(x)f67 0.wT¿T 0.me35
-!t.t
0. fil7 0 0r:i9 0.003¡3 0.c0329
Jt.l
l. I{)-1 o.oIrig 0.004t8 '';..
0,0J43E
,iri.6 L 2tj u. í):'.1¡i 0.00ó33 0.ms63 1
-ro.I I.r2
.ll .0 0.03)3 0.c067a 0.00?0¡t
ii3 0.0387 0.008?2 .0.00E59
r97 {-} fllit} ¡ o.ol¿4' , 0 . 0 ¡ 3 1,
66.8 '),:1
0 0-ri0
75.0 .0.0173 r 0.p184.
2.7t\ 0. ils ,r 0.0431 , 0.02{8.
.i0.r 0.o¿s7
it\l 2
3. lri 0 . 1i,'r o.mm,
0, l$(! 0.0370 0.0{0a
i tl.{
3 .$ l n r.J,' 0.0{50 0.{x93
l:t{ 4.7'ii 0.3J8 0.0637 . 0,0?00
ó.5? 0..t7.¡ 0.0850
.0,0040
1/5
o rill) 0.i!0 o.t?.z
!0i 0.7$lJ
i ;.t
0.r38 o,ltl
7t7
0 1rii7 0. t08 0.r80
1 ;J9 0.237 0.2?l
ll.ri I St) 0 . 3 2I 0.385
:]i6 l?. {i
{01
2 .l E 0..il,l 0.47t
r * .i ó. t.t 0.5'¿ 0.6m
ain
r5 . 8 3.87 0. 6{2 0.730
t97 6.0.{ r.00 l. t.¡
{irl8 23i
. r.42
¡J.70
. 1.6{
27.{i ll t
r.g2 2,8
3 r. 6 ¡i 5
lf].íi '2
3 ..f1i 6 2.90
óJ. J 3.6{t
30{ 3.88 4.52
.13..1 2 f l .l 4.69 5.47 . :
{,..t 3{ 5.56 6.50
ól 3
<: ,)
' 1( l ,s 6.52 7.61
I 7,56 t.Er
5.J.? I E.67 10.1
oJ_ t ; t .i 9.63 l¡.5
I¡;9J
3m5
ll/.tt { i { 1. l f lt. t r3.0
? t. 0 ,.\-.J t2.4 r{.6

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I
\(Jl t: \ ' o l l l o w ¿ n c e l t : r s b t " t ' t ¡l ¡ t i ¡ r i c , f ( , ¡u g t , i L f f c l c t r c r x
ofsefet¡'
¡nt¡st
l¡ccrit
inrut
cúfr',,mli'e
i,",Ji"",r¡tl,i';; ,;;ü'ii,L';.;;;;,1;;;;;-';,i,;,,:i,',,
IJ7I
(¡l
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,',L.i,r,,l:';]i'i,iliiiiii,
;ttry f:.ctr,r
 a

F ilI l)lt,\tl[,I(,
'¡'
I ¡ -s' I.I' r tr E

l FIIICI'I0N LOSS

8{ INCII iI)
I¡oN \1/\'I'F,IT
:

IN TEE'I' I'EN I( X} FIiO' T

( } F PT PE

T.AR¡,Ti 3I

Y /2s
s-t'1,:1.:1,
_- : --* - --- ----
r.ot.lX, ltlo
C,\ST IITON
c/D_ =0.C(SrJS7
'rlD =0.t)00()21't __-:_
hr
feet¡rórl(tr
i

t)ISCIIAit(;D fcct bf piPe fect o{

ft /scc fccl
(;FS
0.17't 0. fxx¡l6s
0. {n0833

l
6.68 rr t l',
8.91 ¡. !s!l 0 .00130
Il.ll 0.317 0 .ü ) 1 8 8
1 3. 4 fl.4()5 0 .{x)251¡
lí'.6
:'.:t, : 8mO { } .l r i 3 0.ü)33:!

I
r7.3 . {' .'90q) 0.521 0 .{xrJ22
2 0 .I ' . r - ' : , :- 1 0 0 6 0 t7{} 0.00521
223 () f;1ti 0. tX)7i;0
27 I i, f200O 0.010?l
i.,'' , l4m0 0.s11
3 1. 2
'. 0.(lt;i3
, l,.i
(.).il2fi
35.6 16o0o r l1 J
().01{i{}
. t 0 .r l t, : l 8 c 0 0 0 .02(]s
44.6 . "' '2oooo
!126000
l(i
.ii¡ 0 tr3iG
.'::..,.
o;).J
60.8
' ' 1.,,30c00 0 . i).161

2 1):t 0 01139
7 r. 0 '7 1) 0 .0s33
8 e. I - ti I g . l0ir
1 0 0?. 0. I lio

F
2. S1|
lll.4 ,). tl
0 .1 s 0
lJ r

4 0:-r 0 .2ir5
I l¡6 .t 6.] 0 .3:l:l
178 a , .L l
0 4'i2
201 :1.¡l-l 0 i?t
,r'l fi. $l-¡ () .7,-l)
267
s.ll I t]?l
312 t¡ t{-r J.())

3t{} l0 1? l.r;9
{01 I I .'.'
2.',13
446 t1..i 3.:llj
ú^.)a
4 .69
{ir!8 0m 17.4
6.39
?Eü m 203
?:].2 8.33
891 0m r0.5
lü)2 m 2 6 .I
23.9 lS tl
ll !4
31 I lf¡.t
l22it 3{ 7 r80
oon
t337 3 7. 6 rr
l 41 8 40. ir
D(

I S00 4 3 .1 29.3
l67l

t .1G,;J 33,3
I 7E2 / r) ') 3 ? .{ i
l89l ir I 42.2
2ü)5 iri'r.0 47.0
211t- J' . tr
t2.l

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2228

¡ .,1 Auy fa
i'l"ll"*T
i?'-l;ii
-?l'l'l'
.flll;ii
¡ 128l

I
 PIPE FRICTION 1}TANUAL

I
TABLE -c2(a)
RESISTANCE FOR VALVES AND }'I'TTT}TTS
COEFFTCIENTS
.6
BELL- MOUTH REGULARK,r
INLETOR REOUCS.? SCREWED .3
Kr O.O5 45' ELL. .t5
D

souARE rf.¡LÉr
EDGE' l.s,f *.rum
h?Hf,u
K:05
[qg?s'8il.'F ? ,,6 'c

!h I¡IWARDPRSJEÜT!¡{üF:;:E
K' l.O

IJOTE¡K OECREASES!1'IT¡.J FLr.i:Ggn

rsrÚÑx'e
.-
Fn-1

I
i . : ü f i E A S IN GWA L L T ¡'I¡C K ¡{EJS OF
PIFE AND ROUNDING OF EDG=S i:n¡D .l

I
-_D

u .j

66ULA'R K F¡r4{r " LiNE Kj

"
scf,EsvED Sr4S- FLG#
I ffi
.6
90' ELL. Áffi

0
.6EE
.3 .5 o 5.S
¡ .3 SCREWED

h
LOifG .- ts Ttrg EfrAf'¿GH
-
RA!¡95 K I {' FLCW K
ttoffi.? j -4
t;
,

-D -.9 t,' D,3.5

.t,
¡ RE6tl.Aq-t
5 -ñT LINE I?
''
Fr-¡r,¡oEf FLCW
¡ 90. Etr. ..?
.l it h;
FLAñIGED ¡
TEE },f
¡ BRAI{C}'I''.6

4j
¡
lcr -.¡c ¡¡¡c 3l)
- rr 3
h*x.I. F E E TO F F L U I D
¡ :r
l 2 el
 H Y D R A U L I CI r y ! - r - I T U T E

TABLE 32 (b)
]
FOR VALVESAND F¡TTINGS
COE}'}'ICIENTS
RESISTANCE

'r
r'n
-HA^
rtl
s+:ffi,s¿ffi
mEL
ú&
qF
=IiEH.lIilI
ocffiá
G-'FJ

GLOBE FOOTKIE
.;
VALVE VALVE
FLAT.IGEDI 2 4
D D

SCREI{ED
O.r
.e

GATE K.l
VALVE COUPLINGS
AND UNIONS

trilh=* BUSHTN
REDuG¡NG
*SFí- on?couPL¡NG
h=K#
-
swrNc
oHECK i
o r.H+fui USEDAS REÜUCÉRK o-O'O5 2'O
SEE ALSOFIG.3
VALVE ¡1 2 USEDAS TNCREASERLOSS IS UP
ro +b "a MoRErHANTHAIql9gED
FLAi{GED¡ ei Á SUDDENENLARGEMENT
6FFi+ffi
scREwE#:ffi SUoDE; ENLARGETEIIT
I e L++
H+ffi1
'tu.e I ¡ - {vr--vrl¡ FEEToF FLuro
o
I ANGLE
VALVE
seÉ'tusoEouATtol(s!^
li* :oo SOrHATVa= O
FEEToF FLulo
t (sGGnot 9r¡c 3l)
h-H

h=x ,ee, oF FLUto

T $ 301
f
t
I
P T P E FRICTIoN ¡ tt4- N- U¿¡ ,

h TABLE 32 (c)
RESISTANCE COETFICIENTS FON VALVES
AND FITTINGS

h
I
APPROXIMATE NANGE OF VARIATION
FOR K

RANGEOF VARIATION

I * otc. ELBOW Rcrultr Scrercd

Rc¡ulrr Scrercd
+
f
20 pcr ccnt ¡bovo 2 i¡ch ¡ir¡
qo i"t ccnt bclow t i¡ch ri¡¿

h
! 25 Per ccnt
Loñt Rrdiur, Scrcwed 35 pcr ccnt
Rerul¡r Flrnged t
t 30 Per cclt
Lo¡8 R¡diu¡, Fho¡ed

t l0 Pcr ccot

F
Rccular Sc¡ercd
{5 DEC. ELBOW t l0 Pcr ccnt
hñs B¡diu¡, Flrnged

t 25 Pcr ccnt
I8ODEG.BEND Re¡ulu Sc¡cwcd t 35 Per ccot
Rciu!¡r Flaaged

F
t 30 Per ccnt
l,on¡ Rrdiu¡' Flangcd
t 25 Pcr ccnt
TEE Scrcved, Linc or Brrncb Flor É 35 pcr ccat
Fi*g.d, Li¡¿ o¡ Br¡¡ch Flcr

h GLOBEVALVE Sc¡crcd
Fl¡¡t¿d
*
t
25 Pcr ccar
25 Per ccnt

+ 25 Per ce¡t

h GÁTE VALYS Scrswcd t 5O Pcr ccnl

Flrngcd
t 30 Pcr ccnt
CHECKVALVE Sc¡cved
I + ¿C0 pcr ccnt

h
Fl¡¡¡cd l- 80 Pcr ccot

Multiply lu¡cd rrlaa V 2 u 5

SLEEVECHECK VALVE
Multiply 0rn¡ed vducr bY '13 to 19

h TILTING CHECX VAIVE

DRAIT{AGECATE C¡{ECK
Multigly firo¡rd vduo

t m gcr cc¡t
bY 'flit ¡o IIl

t ANCLE YALVE Scrcrcd

= 50 Pe¡ ccst
Fl¡o8sd
^ 50 pcr cGnt
!

r|
BASKEtr STSA¡NEN
t S0 Pcr celr
FOOT VALVE
t fl gcr ccnr
COUruNGS

I
'+ 50 ,gc¡ cGBr
uNtot{s
* fl Pcr ccor

r|
REDUCENSi

32(s)' (b) end (c):

NOTES ON TIIE USE OF TABTES

t Tlrc v¡luc of D givcn in thc cbert¡ i¡ nomin¡l

For velocitie¡bclow l5 f"a p", rcond, check
Ufi ligho vrlr¡or of K tbro tb¡t ¡bown in thc
IPS (Iron Pipc Siro)'
v¡rvcc and foot valveowin bc onry prrrialiy
ch¡rt¡'
oper rad rül c¡'

t t 3 ¡I

I
¡ HYDRAULIC I NSTITUTE

h
.\_. _

I
I K

¡ o.ooao1
o.oot6I
¿
oooro l D
¡
o.o0o5 |
,sxoorxJ
¡

rI9lo
¡
0
¡ 90 DEGREE BE¡{DS OF UMFOR}I DIAIIETEIt
Fis. 2(a). RESISTANCCCOEFFICIENTSrOR

h
I

tr
¡
I
0.t5
¡
I o.ro

¡
I
to- uts 75
¡ d

Fl¡. 2 (b). FOR B5ND5 OF ÍJNIFONM D¡AIITETEN.A¡ID

RESISTANCECOEFFTCTENTS
- 2'95x1{F
SLOOTH SURFACEAT REYNOLDSNo'
¡ l'3?t

l
I PIPE FRICTION MANUAL

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ITTYDRAULICINSTITUTE

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 PTPE FRICTION I}fANUAL

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H y DilU l,l C TNS.'i'ITUTE
 PIPE FRTCTION MANUAL
I

VROUGHT IROTI P¡PES

SECTIO¡i6--CALCULATIONOF TNICTTONLOSS FOR ANY FLUID IN STEEL OR
F-13. Tbe pipe friction cbarts, Figs' 5-17 incl', ¡how f-17. Tbe cb¡rt lor )/¡inch pipc. Fi¡. 5' may bc urcd to
fri{iio;-bss
-¡i:J., nroduli fn. the incontpressible 0ow of viscous illustr¡te tho metbodfo¡ lindinf the lrhüon ¡nódulu¡for r
-,pgá ¡nciud;ng water, in se¡'-r!alsizq-<rf new.clean steel or llow of l0 ¡om ¡t viscositierof 50 SSU'ltO SSU¡nd 300trSU.
:; i¡*n¡íícr ha i nlSFñdülE trg" wal I t-hicl ness. Eacb For 50 SStl. O" modulusv¡luc is 56' For 300 lSU. tbc
cÉñ;l;-iÉ
"
ioas.r fi¡r a rirrgle sizc of based bn the modulu¡ valüe i¡ ll9. Thc l0 ¡pm linc doernoü intcr¡ect
.pipe r'itler tbc limi¡¡¡ r)' :urtrilerrr,
tqfon.
in centistokeg
btrc-atic viscority'liecon<ls (c-s).- As vir.osic¡r is fre- iUi-iSO SSU linc in
ar:entlv ¡iven in Savbolt Uniyersal, ($SU),corre- Tberefore. u¡ing üe ini¿'rsccüon of tüc l0 gpm linoritl 3bc
ho¿;ñr-roun¿ed values at lbO F ¡re sl¡own except in t'ho critical rooc linl üe rnodulu¡v¡lue
ir 68.
e'ascof Ér visco.titieswl¡ereno gccr¡ratcSSU eqtrivalenLrexbt.
Furtber information on vix:osity and eortlntonly acccpted F-18. The r¡¡¡geof tbe la¡nina¡tbt qegion of c¡cb cbort
visccitv values for lirruid¡ will lrtr fitrrnd in Section 8. No ttr"J Ue-in¿*nniteli'incn'ascd ¡incc 3l¡cfri¡'tirtnlr¡s¡trtrxl¡lt¡r
rltrsanóe bas been n,adc for ab¡xlrnralo¡ntli¿i<¡nst¡f intcrior ;;;U¡i;itt -Tl¡is the riscori.tv(el>ovel00o \s!;) ¡n'¡.thc
*¿".e or irut¡llation nor for the dclerioration witb agc. rateof ttow. "ithdotsnolr¡¡rly l¡¡ the turbt¡lcnü llown'Fion'
(SecScction¡ l-3 iocl.) i'ri lc¿it be requiind-tofind üc f¡iction n¡rnftdr¡¡
tlóI,jf ¡ fluidof t0.000liSU riscositv¡t ¡ r¡te of 0.10
"iirrpt",
i.i'rú.
il;u" ;ruf"i":b.üt'
F-14. F¡ietion loss moduli for laminar l¡olv ere shown b
flow are
tbc 4ldegrec line¡ in tbe rrppcr lcft bond portion <¡f eacb
llr fl.;
{iü''Il¡:: TH'l"i1'i
by
will be
¡hnrt- nju¿uli
O"ri. trrrbulenüflow.are
l\toduli for trrbulcn¿ l¡r Lhe steep€r
¡hown by.the
llow are shown steep€f
I\r:3ei"i3$33xS=;r
cu¡ver in tbe lower rigbt band portirrn. llo0l¡ r¡f tl¡essregio-n¡
i"present stnble.sta¿ó <f flowr A di?Fonaflinrr seParstts t^be
":'#::
."iiotrs o[ l¡nrinar
of
rq.¡1iong_ r
turlrulcqtll,]lYlT:l
|¡minar. end turl.rult'nT-lltrrv _l-!l]r('sr:nLsLne-
ll',Hffi ill'i:'g
:*Hffi FE[''EEfI'f,Er'l} r
il'$*tl,l".li:*i',:l 'l
hr: criticul zone
An exanrpleillustrating tbe use <.¡[tbe cb¡rts for thc sohr'
t¡on oi a-itialucat problcrii will be found in I'aragrapb l"I9'
i'..;;nl r¿olñi¡A d rellon of unstst)l¿llow:
¡ line givesippraxim¡ti moduli on tbe higb ¡ide lor this reSion
ci unstable llow. F-t9. Exnntple 2. Usc of Ch¡rlr, for.Friclion ['o¡¡
rr,it,i'Ft,rid. Á putup is required to t¡kerÍl frorn a tenttd
F-15. Tl¡e bottom scaleof each cbart reprtsenlr 0ow in tnnk ahd dcliver it at a rate o[ 50 ¡¡rrn to e dlglnbutlnF tlronl'
't'l¡c
¡ cnllonspcr ¡ninute,Fpm, An auxiliary top scalesbowstbe iriJ-".i.¡á*t in l'ig. ls. stiction linc h 30 fcr:t long
iuerage'velocity in'üe pipe in feet pei second. llead verti- ir.LJ¡.c titti"ct. tbe di..'h".gn pi¡n ir t!!-i4r'h ner stt'el'
callv irom the ipm scaletb find thc iorres¡nnding velocity in S.'l;;i;;ü i",.1ñ0 ¡,.r'i lóni indúdi;r'fittin¡rl Thc rnanifoll
ilr
feef ner sec!nd.' Tbe vertical ecalcs,lsbiled "Frictic'n [,oss ü;iii;;;;,i" -I-hr ¡rtrrtrpendvtü'
r'lerletionai tl¡t' etntrirlinc of.thc
Dressuremust bc m¡intained at 9i0 ¡tui. orl .l¡as t
¡ l\lodirlus for lfi) Feet, of Pipe", represent values of tbe ratio
á"iii'.r'iooó srÚ tn¿ e ¡ravity of :; desn'es,\l'l' Tbc
*,'rA P ;üi;t; J.tlt.¿ '.,t"tiot ires.rrri' at the prrnrpinte¿h ll
: (7) i".l.i .f me¡cr¡¡yuacuum'and !t is n'quirt'rltl¡it ncw stccl'
TC- $;Ari; :io-;tr* lre uscd' pn'ftrelilv iize. llá-im'h' 13 h
ieoui¡cdb nñd'thecn¡rr:ctsizcft¡r tl¡r'st¡ction. pi¡tcso rr not
¡ wherein inlct
ec üi'.'¡rurrr¡r.
ü'Ji"".¿*l H-¡"cUerof rn"rcury Y.cr¡úr-rr

I
I
I
trI : Friction lossmodulusfor 100 feet of pipe
Ap - Pressurelass in pounds per square inch
per 100feet of piPe
SG = Specificgravity of fluid at 60 F
and tbe pressure
flangeof the pumP.

óiiloiv be
in pounrlsper Equare¡nch!t.Lbc d¡scurrü?

SOLUTION:s' Suction Lir¡¿.

computed bY t^be
'fbe
formula
rpcr,ilicgnvity of üc

T Tbe Ic¡ due to pipc frictíon nay be obtaioed as follows:

Ap-NIXSG (8)
141.5
üu - isT:5-frñE;lfPi

T and

wherein
h¡.: 2.31Ilf

ii.' = Friction head loss.infcct of fluid per 100

feet of pipe
(e)
wherein,
= 140
i5dT-E&ffi;é

SG = Spccificgraviüy,rclatiue [u walcr st 60 l'

¡ Therefure,thc specificgravity r¡f the oil nill bc
Tbe oi.ber guentitiea ¡rc as lirted under Bluation (?).
I ll'5 = to walcrat 60F
I f-f6. To r¡¡o tbe cbartq Foct€d as follov¡:
(¡) Sel*t tbc cba¡t for tbc rizc,¡f pipc in question.
sG = i5ffi5 0'90{relative

Mercurywei¡b¡ 0.4898lb/cu in. at ó0 F o t!¡t $p nt¡¡in¡um

iliüL"lñlifi.i"-ts x 0.{s9s - 1.35p.¡. Thc ¡t¡tic lüt

I (b) Follov tbe vertirxl line rqrrercoting tbe flor io

FDm to it¡ ir¡ierrcction witb ¿ho de¡ired vircocity curve, a¡d
ri¡d tbe aodulu¡ at the left.

. k) lf the vertic¡l tine represcntinc the flow in ¡

it ¿lu-rnru-um t¡nl lcvd cornapondr to

rof9J9{,xo¿!!l- ,.0,*,
¡¡r+
I I zom doesnot inüers€cütbe visrxnity line in either,turbu.leotfI
i ol l¡minar flow. u¡c tbe interscction witb thc critical zoneliae.

(d) Comnutc the friction loss in pregsuredrop or

leaei. as desired, frórn Equations (8) or (9) above. The¡c
L J

Thc ¡aa¡i¡nu¡n allow¡blc preultrrc drop in tbe ¡rrction ¡i¡n lill

be 7.35 - 3.91 - 3.+l r¡ci. Thc rtquired fricürrn kn r¡rodu'
eguations are repeated on e¡cb chart. l,¡¡,-tt Equltio¡ (s) !üd ne¡lerin¡-ü¡ p¡po6tl¡¡9. ;¡ü b.

t3?l
 HYDRA ULIC INSTTTUTE

*r-# \, 100
^ ActualLcngthof Pipe

3.4+. . 100
I_Y_-
0.90{" 20
- 19.0for 100feetof pipo

Thc ¡i¡a of tbc ¡ucüoo pipe msy bo det¿rmined by selecting

r si¿e fro¡rr lbe ch¡rls (t'i*s. 5-l? incl.) such tbat tl¡e inter-
¡¡tion of the l0 ¡prn line wi¿h tbe 1000 SSIJ cr¡rve is al a
v¡lue &r¡al to or hrs than 19.0, Tbe intersectüon
ny¿<luft¡.r
cn Fi¡. 9 íot lLl-inch pipc is at ¡ ¡nodulus valus 4l rbich i¡
too hrsh. The int¿.rscctionoo l'ig. l0 fr¡r 2-incb pipc is at a
n:odufus ralue 16 wbicb is satisfactory. Furtbern¡ore, tbe
intersecüon is in the uppo¡ k.f¿ band portion of t^becba¡t
sbowin¡ tl¡¡t tbe flow will be lo¡r¡inar. Á 2-incb pi¡rc will be
s¡tisfsctorv for thc suction line, however,jud¡rrrent will bave
to b€ used-to deci¡le if l<¡catcvnditions require an atklitional
¡llowahce for ugin¡1of thc pipe, v¡lves and fittings.

b. Dlrc-l¡¡rge Llnc. The friction loss nrodulus for tbe

ll4-incb pipe (l-is. 9) is t t and lhc inüerscctir¡n
sho*s the llow
tole lsr¡iinar. i\o sdditiottalaliuwanecfr¡r thr: littinss rrill
be made hcre. Tbe ptessurulussin thc disrbarg,:¡ri¡^*nill bc

ap=ltxo.eo**ififi=lr()
p5i

Tberefore, tbe prr:usurr:at lbc purup dis,churgcllung.: rrill trc

P = ll9 + 3;0 : 3ó9psi

t 381

,l
 PIPE FRTCTTON MANUAL

Pipe Velocity Ft. Per Sec.

-2ta¡al
ut
f"
A)
7.r o
,c'd
llt ¿

fl'

r?'!
i1á
Fl ü
A
l*l
FI
A
lE(
TH
O2
li{
A
4
u2
V
i

F
¡q
t5--1
r'-'1
¡sl |{
F¡f
() c't
:=6¡
lix
y,."i x a
,ñ" €
e\¿
F{
A
gE
EE
Fr.l
€
ta
fl
(¡) taE
l|l
F
''t
F.l

*) É=
tn!
É\
-l L?'i
A
V
-ou
tr¡ f¡.
tr
€ ,Ál
'iE
rn
ct) IJ
.\, E
dr
v
I
-t

z
A
v
lHt

F
v
t<
E
=l
Él
fr(
< =l
%' Ste¿lPipc (0.622' L D.)

Gallons Per Jffinute

fig. No. 5

t 391
 HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE

Pipe Yelocity Ft Per Sec.

J .¡l .t .a ,l J .t f,0 : ¡ | I t 7 ¡ rto

r-'!
El
A
l*l
frl

CIr
i-%Fl
h
o
F..
r-'l
x
|-l
l--l 6
fi

)rl
a)

rÉ6¡
r{ EE
Xl
U)E
)É{
o ñ.i
Ea
t-l 'trU r tl
(n -=
E.:
é1

;l ilg
FJ
F ú?
A
- tnd
-Q)
A
v
- ^b rg
ñ :(l¡ . D
_EÚ,
a ¡q
U) l -
ñ
v
Fl {
>4

z
4-\
\J
F{
tr
U
l-l
&
H
h ll'Stcel Pipc (0.824' L D.)

o*"**;n;;'
Fig. No. 6

t40l
 PTPE FRTCTTON }IANUAL

Pipe Velocity t-t. Per Sec.

-l
A,
¡<
¡-{
e.
Fl

-l
A
v
3
r-r h
FEt =
r-l
rá - " / 'ü\ !-i
v6rl
/A .\
\J .: C{
ó=x
F'1e=

.F dq x X 3 = ,
esÉ
t-
t s f - .l l"
-
Éll

tiO¡
j't
= .:
;f T' =-
r"..1
FqJ
>).=
áv
-{ a .:t
A\.X
=Fi
., <* .¡t { l

!*t -
1E A
{z \ I

',i^i'¡
A,t
\JN
-lq
z-
v
-
¡i

t<
^a
¡i{

G¡lions Per llin¡¡te

Fig No"?

tlll
 IIYI)RAULIC INSTTTUTE

Pipe VelocitYFt. Per Sec'

r-ffii-i-r-ii]

f -'t
¡-l
A
f-l
-l
A
E
,
(--
-l
A
\t

F-{
). >r
f¡{ .=
'ca
t¡f
r- l¡
FiOf
c,g;i =x
I
-1 t|):í
A-

H)a:
Hx!
A 2:
v-=R
tu € il
eÉE
-tit
1..:
+
t-{ gt J

=
¡-¡ q4
+E
:'l
e b,F
H ^ H

E: d)o
I
a { ¡¡t
A T
,\
-,Á
V
Ef

z
v
t-
F
a H
Ha
Fi
H

GallonsPer lflinute
FiF. No' I

t 4¿l
 PTPE FRICTION }IANUAL
t ..

Pipe Velocit Ft Per Sec,

-
rr
l¡{

;¿(
ir{
A
V
z'.
H\
Lr ¡\ r'
;;i .E i
¡-'l
-i dt
r-'{
t-{ Cj F{
A
g) .f
Fr
X ¡5 6¡
i/'6:
F{OE
ñ
<-
-
c.¡d (/j á
r*t x ¡!l
,aAO
F:E {
f¡={ á U
xr¡
(Ji 'É
=
t-J -l ll ¿
.ú
,ii{ á :.i

}¿ . b.
:t' e
;'-j Cn -
rq.q;
'.1
O 'Y
=4 0. "i I
.2
á. l
'it
F.t\ -¡
J
ü

'-l i | ¡¡(
a
L
r ¿' rt c
dl

'--
{<
.^\
:.|
:c
'-r
'<t
-
r-d
q

E(

Per Minute
Gallon^s [\ [ev" t
Fig' No. e

t {31
 ITYDRAULIC INST!TU-ry

Ft. Per Sec.

Pipe,VelocitY
't3'¡3

l-'1
F'
^-
FI
A
l-{

F-l
A
v
F
l¡l .=
r--'t a
¡r.a fl
?- L.
H f \ F'{
e1
l)^i
vtÁ91
Hx
'-!lu)
l-lH=
\'tJ
^¿ ;
hi{xx
2*
vjz
(t, á rl
Fr ,U ll

cn*É
Tá
,d !l Ef
!.
r-tÉJ
-: I U
v

t-¡
,a,
'n
:t
:
rró
l{ -e
,r¡( i¡"
iF t
P..¡
rA
PN =
*¡
\r/ J \t
(t-) -
|
á
VO
ü
'rO
f¡.{ *¡

{.
ra
V
t{
!',
f ¡
\J
-l
Fa
H
F-l

Gallons Per lfinute

[ig' lio. lt]

t 441

I
 r,TPE FRTCTTf}¡i }lANUAL

Pi¡reVelocitv Ft. Per Sec.

=i
^
i¡¡a
¡<
l¡¡.{

r-.
!!l

L{
Lr >.
h*i =
r'-'1
i4a ts
f-. L.
l¡x{ (.) F{
á
H
l4/
ü 6';i¡ x
r * i ü Pa -
¡'-ü.
4 | ' nx:
¡-El v
(¡l O
ft<F
:"/ .= a
'J{€
il
'*/J
-a E F
,",¿ ll ;i
l..X g
Fi J

XúE
b.d .ñ d
a-Q
q,/ 5 .9
E¡ll.T
áf{,f
tt¿ ú
f f l - e Fl H
:-j \
1-dJ I F.
'¿ iÍ"t
rO
ln( J

v
F--{

14
t¡q
U
sa
Flrl

ggg
CailonsPer Minute
Fíg. :io. I I
 !; i

-
^
-
-
^
-
-
A¡
v
-
>'
F

-l
(Y)
(/
6¡
(r?
É-{
(Í)
,.¿
- e
^v ?-
il
FI
tr

(t) ¿
J It
t .1
i-{
;f
a
F¡
(fl

A ,1
V i&
|!={ I
& ao
I

ún hlI .J
cf) I
A
v
6
CD
't
br.{ I

:
z
\J
hd

¡
F"
rw' 1
fr{
rt
f-l
ÉL
¡

t ox*'9 B- 3ls E F$8t

GallansPer Minute

t t4ól
Fi6, No. 12
 PIPE I.'NICTIO¡* IiIANUAL

Pipe VelocityFt. Per Sec.

2l{5

;¡
F
r{
rEt

:{
l.
r.1 ;:
r-f
Ft6
/-h
F{(.)Fl
6
'i
.ñ c¡
X
-./
t i t r l'i x
-"iAg
4-
i{
F¿i (/i 3
HXV
/qqc
Y- 4 E
if,i ;= I
vft

u'J = 'É
Fñ,
\- fl *
'"!
hJ e¡
*:, É F{
Fér.b
cro
;d Gr: -
\.-,/ (J ¡*-
\E* t^ T
4t
r1 ú
ri^) -i I'i
.-; Fi
\JJIH

UE
-!

:;'
.'a
r¡.4
t*d

¡sc
rlil

td(

$i rtr

3 3 38
Callone ller :i,tinuie
F'ig.\o. !3

t47J

r * ; , , # i' l i 4 d
 I¡YDRAULIC INSTITUTI

l"ipe VelociiY t't. t'et' üt1{' m

! ¡ a f 6 ? ! tto
,3 .{ .5 ,6 .t .9 . e l . c

llltirrrr

-
^-t
F{
A
-t

!'- .
-l

t*4

)- h
r-i Z
tf,r q) Í' ' :
a cJ
\J t: 6l
tÁ x
-l!iul
úvn
-
A'
É
,,tt U) j
l.¡{ : X
A
\rJ
Yr¡
E ;>-
t-¡ ¿ I
-Ell

:r)É=
F-\ ,, 4
dllH
rr.I
!-i t¡ J
n¿.::
.:
vt
L-i :
¡< ¡í

vE ^ 0 'KÉ
¿. 1
PN
rF,
' J
l -
-Í
t¡

|,-li ¡-. ri
6
\d? r-
Ff F¡

z
Lr

'_-_1
\.ta
s( iri

t t,t l.. ! ,' . i r I I r | I |

-]i:--L-:-L
i * * - - J " - ": i .,I -i-l = if-J-.- i -'
i:?:ig :
ll¡lio¡rs ¡rt¡'ilicute'
:iu. \r;. I

! {8i

I
flr
 P I P E F l i t c ' r i o N i \ i 4 xu a !

¡
Ff:5
t
t
I ri
t . J ' S t e e lP i ; - e{ 7 ' 9 8 1 ' 1 .D - ) i

t
lii

I r i;i il
:--:-:-i---. :-.-:--*-:'-
g : + :: ii¡.1
ll {i,rilons i)er J.iinulr:
h-ip |io. 15

I [ .{'.']

Li J
..,1iii,ffid
 IIYDRAUL]C INSTTTUTE

It
PipeVelocitY 1"" ?""i_._r_*

Ív'1
H
^Fl .
¡-{
A
fÉ.(
(¡.
F¡I

v
t¡"{ *.oH-F
L

Ft
F. g.l,4i.t
r-"Í >
r-
lsn l

el
:: x
cJ
Fnd ü

ld Ü)

A
FÚI

\ qgr ' . ; ,
X

a
ii' i)(*1
+.+.\'.-

FiE{ i3 llI
'ác
IJJ E
>J' l ! ll
r{s ¡
#
¿E¡ f
bl (Jl
Ak
\[/a É¡r
wc- I
ü)
?^ -:
\.gJ J .'t
\JJ I
A
b/
b tfr
'!6
F.r >J

7
\,
lEl

F.
r1
\J
l-
t+¿
Ft
Fl lo'S,o"l PiPc(10'020' l' D')

F 3 3.S e s e;g
Calton¡ Per Minute
Fi3' No' ló

I sri]
 I

PTPE FRICTION iIIA¡It-JIL

Pine
' Velocitv F't. Per Sec.
.! .+ .3 .. .t ., .t t.o - -. t ;-:---#

F
Ft
¡-

¡-\
V
t=.i
|. >r
Fi .?
r-r- .¡
h.t( *
f-11
iE{ (-} ,-{
á
wr*Al
a
b{
q./ 'ñ- x
r'{F3
A¡r dñ' ?
|y¡dx€
/s\ tt O
lr/#.{:€E
il
an#rj
F Jl . iv I ¿
'=
¡+q i:
*-) >t
Al . br
¡r\fO
!"d (n -
'fú\ c¡ ]{-9v
qI'lüt+
d|> I
,it
cr 4f. l 4¡ ' : Í\
\i¡lH

\¡/ E{
.(
b-¡

tT
/-4

t
f\
\B/
¡{
rq
f\ú
'1

t
r¡
sd
-t
r-.
!ts

I
t $ E EE?¡
Gullons Per lflinute

t F'ig No, 1?
l5: l

J
 HYDRAULIC I NSTI TUTE

MANIFOLD PRESSURE.ZSOP SI
\

M OTOR DRIVEN PUMP

?o' ¡oo

Fig. t8. INSTAL¡.AT¡ON FOR EXAMPI,E No' 2'

t 52l
 PIPE FRICTION
SECTION7 _F¡T¡CTION FACTOR I}IAGRAN¡S
F-',,. Ar ststed on Psgc l, tbe resistancrrto tl¡e incom-
- ,, r., r; ,-f enI fluíc,in any pip€ mr¡y be corDputcdfron¡
--: -,,it:üD
ht:!# x (l)
h¡ = Frictional resistancein fect of lluid
L : Lcngth of pipe in feet
D : Averageinternal diameterof pipe in feet
t" : Averagevelocity io pipu in feet/second
3 - 'second.
Accelerationduetogravity in feet/second/
Hpreafter,the Ycl'Jo32.17feel/
s€coud/s€condfor 8ee level and 45 d*'
greeslatitude wü be us€d.
- Friction factor
-f
-:-:1. e. Value¡ of (! may be obtaiaed direcüy fim
:' j. .:' nbere tbo pipe is new cle¡n aspbal¿dipp¿dcrst i¡oo,
- ,: li;. 20 wbero tbe pipe h ncw clean steelor wrougbt iron
-. :.heiule,l0 waU thicloe*s, o¡ f¡r¡n Fig.2l wbicb apptier
:-' :-.-' si¿eond type of surface. Tho probable variations in
í. i zurnecl¡s*t of new clean pipe áre given in Table A,
-.:r,io¡-' 2. It w¡ll b€ oece$ery to Lnow lhe approüruato
'::,:e ¡i tbe relativo rougbnesefactor, to estcr Fig.2l ind
f
ú.:s r':¡ irc ob!$oed, for ¡¿veral \isd¡ of pipes, lrom Fig. 22.
b. If üe fluid b fre¡h r¡ter at 6{l F or etmocpberic
:: at óü F tbe ¡cale¡ at tho lop of Frgr. l9-!l incl., m¡y
:c '.seJ. For conveoicacc in air and r¡ter ccmoutrtioo¡
-.=ly. tbo s:alc rcr,li[¡ ie tixr product o"'tho rverq¡i vclocity
: :'ert, seco¡d r¡d üo i¡rt¿r¡d di"-etc¡ i¡ i¡cbes, (YD").
c. For oüer lluid¡ or tcroDcrstxrcr üe ¡c¡les ¡t
A.: :ottom of Fig!. 19.21 incl., mu:it bc u¡ed. Tbe ¡csto
:esrüng is tho Rcyooldr Number, R, givco by üc egration
R=Y! (3)
r¡e::in
:; = A¡.erag€ yelocity in feet/eecoad
I = Averageinternal diamet¿r in feet
- Kinenatic viscoeity of tho 0uid iD sguare
'
fectleecond
l'+ :¡¡¡ for Ffur. 19-21 iocl., tere obt¡incd dircüy from
- --::5 cf Eqr¡ation (2). Fics,22¡rd 23 rcc t¡lon from
l- -:==-l! ic) I ilth minor cha-ngc.r.
isJl
}fANUAL
tr-22. Valueg of lbe Linematic viscoaity (r) rt varbur
tornperatures are givcn in FiS. 23 for ¡ oumber of ditrcrent
0uidc. The Rc¡nolds Number also may be obt¿i¡ed dücctly
from Ffu. 23 with t-heaid of the quancity (VD') rue¡tir¡oed
abova Tho tr¡cer line gbows thaü for lerc¡eno at 175 l'
llowins witl¡ a¡ ¡verace velocilv of 12.5 ft,/ge iu e pioo of I
i¡cleiinten¡al di¡meier, tbe hiynolds Number *ould bo
3.5 ¡ l0¡. In c¡eeswbere viscositi¿¡ are obüai¡ed lrom xtu¡ce¡
'n lfg, 23, íl is absolulelyctsc¡tlíal that f.hey bc cr-
otbcr tban
preased tqJI/uc io order tbat tbey mey be used wirb fi¡. 23
ó¡ Equation (3). Kinematic viscositie¡ measu¡edi¡ ¡tole¡ or
c¿lti8üoles may bc convert¿d to (p) in rquare feet/secood by
Lbe forouh
y -0.00107639Xstokes
: 0.0000107639
X centistokes (r0)
F-ZZ. Fo¡ furr"her isfor¡oatio¡ o¡ vi¡¿¡gity, ¡ee Seüo¡ 8.
F-21. If the Reynolds Number i¡ le¡¡ tba¡ ?000' tbc 0orr
is lamina¡ and ¿he frictioo facLor for aay 0uid io any pipo
ir giveo by the eguotion
t- 64 (l l)
T-
If táo Reroolds Number is above 4000, tbe 0ow riü ulually
bo turbuláut and tbe cu¡vesin Figs. l9-ll ind., epply. Tbo
ran¡s R - 200tL4u00 is c¡lled tbe c¡itical ¿oae in rrhich tüe
0oi may be bigbly unstable aod üe lriction factor iade-
l¿¡mi¡¿to.
tr'-25. E¡a¡nplo 3. U¡e of Frlctlon F¡ctor lXa¡rrmr.
A pump deliverslerosene at ?0 F tbrougb 512 fee¿of ¡er
Z-iicb óteel pipe (scbedule 't0) rud scrcved 6tüngs to a tanl
(See Fir. 24).' Tbe tank pressureis mainttised coosts.lt rt
3o rd ñt the tevel of thc-discbsr8e piPc' Ir i.r roquired to
c¡ihrat¿ tbe ¡uctioo bead (b.), t"be dischargo be¡d (b¿)' r¡d
üe reading of üo di¡cha¡ge p¡ericu¡a g¡uge (Pd rbe¡ t¡c
ratE of florv ir 100 g?m.
SOLUTION: 5,r"¡¡s¡ r.iac. Tsblo 9 üor¡ thc ¡Ycrrtc
".
vclocity (V) to be 9.56 ftlw ¡¡d tbe vdocity bcEd' to
E
bc i.{2 feet of lJroccne. Fis. 33 ¡horc tbs spcci6c5nüiy of
Iera¡ene to bc 0.813 8t 60/60 and the kioeaatic viseity (v)
to bc 0.000023aqlt /w, rt ?0 F. Tables 39(a)-39(c), i¡d¡¡ivc,
üow the iot¿mal diamet¿r ol tbe pipo to bo 0.t;23 fL Tü.
Reyooldr Numl¡er, by Equatloa (3), rü bG
R=E
= 9.56x 0.1723
--¡ldmtl-
- 71,600
 IIYDRAULIC TNSTITUTE

a :
Ili i¡ ¡bove tbe critical zone ¡nd the Oow will l¡e turbútcnt. Thc bead loss in tbe fittiryq by Equation ({), rill be
Tce fricüon factor. frorn Fig,. 20, will bc / = 0.0226. Tho
beed lcls due to pipe friction, by Equatioo (l), rü be t¡2
h=kl-
zg
.n r : J D
. L4V '
- [2.2+ 0.17+ 2 (1.0)+ l.oj 1.42
= 7,63feetofkerosene
:a.0226 '.*' Tbe specifc gravity of lercene aü ?0 F retative ¿o water rt
[o#i 60 F may be estimsted from Fíg. 28 ¿obe 0.809. Tbe ¡pecific
weigbt of rater at 60 F is 62.31 th/cu fr fro¡n Tab'le 37.
Tberefore, the pressure be¡d at discharge into ttrc p¡elsure
: 5.03feet of kerosene t¡¡t rill bc

T!: resictance coefficient¡ for tbe fiütingc, from Tables 32(a).

32(b) end 32(c),rill be head= O#*ffi
Tankpressure
Sguare-edgedinlet, k -O.5 a¿ 142.8feet of kerosene
lYedgediscgate valve, k : 0.1? Ttc di*hrrge he¡d (bd ríll bc

Tbc beadloeei¡ thc 6ttiDgr,by Eguaüion

(4)rill bo
- 62.52)
h6= (62.00 + 90.3+ ?.63+ t4s.B
= 240 feet of kerosene
v2
h-k*_ Tbe pressurehesd at tbe centerline of tbe pipe where tbe
zg gauqe.is conn^ected to the disch¡r3e pipe will bd tbe pres{iure
head in the diecbargetanh plus ¿helieid lossin t'heóipe and
_ (0.s + 0.17)1.42 fittín¡s rninus tbe velocity béad at tbe rroint wbere ¿fie.¡au¡e
ir connected. No dilTerencein eievatiohsis involved beie,rie
= 0.95feeüof kerosene the pipe ig hori¿ont¡|. Tbe¡dore,

head- 112.8+ 90.3+ 7.63- 1.42

pressure
ñeguired.
Thc ¡uctbo he¡d (b) rill bo
h, : (67.00- 62.i2) - 5.03 - 0.95
¡:¿239feet of kerosene.
Tbe pressurc bead at tbe cent¿r of tbc ¡¡u¡e will be I foot
greater than tbir v¡lue bccrus. tie g¡ueó i¡'l fmt beiow the
: i:';ff'o,n",o,un" conter of tbe piqgr. Tbcrcfore, thc reÉüng of tbe dircbarge
p¡eüu¡o Siut€ wlu D?

The¡eforc, tüe pump actually operaüc vith a ruction ly'f of rr (239+ t) ó2.3.rx 0.809
1.50 fec3 of feúco;
to:E
= 8{ psi
- !. Dlryhe¡go l.i-n-c. Tbo bead lo¡¡ duc to pipe frictiou,
by Fauaüioo (l), rill bc F-26. Erernple 4. U¡c of Friction F¡ctor Di¡¡r¡nrr.
I rimplified boilei feed pump irutallation is ¡bown.in t'¡s. gS.
Tlo rite of llow is lls.Ogpni a! the pump. It is rcquiréd to
T' Vl oompute tbe net pooitive ¡uctirn bead (b-), ttre tr¡t¡l ¡uction
-b' , - f 4' D- bead (b¡), üc lot¡l discbargc be¡d (b¿) ¡nd the totsl held
2g (H).
SOLUTIOI\: a. Suetíon lJne. Thc follo*ir¡¡ prooe¡ticr of
- 0.0226ffir.n, l0-incb Scbedule 40 ¡teel pipc nay be obtaioá lrcm tOter
39(¡)-39(c), incl.
Diametcr, D = 10.020ir¡ches- 0.8350feet
- 90.3 feet of Lerosene
Arca, [ = 0.1476squa¡efeet

Thc reri¡tsnct oefricie¡t¡ for tbc ffttings, from Table¡ 12(a),

factor, - o.OOOtgO
Rei¡üvs roughness
É
33S) rnd 32Íc), r'ill bc

Sring checkvalve, k : 2.2 Q - ilffio

Thedischarge, - 3.230
cuftlsec.
liledge-discgate ya¡ve, k - 0.lT
Regularscrewedelbow,k : 1.0
Suddenenlargement,k - 1.0 The velocity, V : - 5.90ft/sec'
#

' Tbere r&o may bo obtaiocd

fmo Teblo i? by int¿rpdatio¿
t5.t¡

T
 PIPE FRICTION I}fANT'AL
:!

. !¡-. -{ l-l.r. _L. _ - r v ¡

? _ _ .i e (5.90)¡ tor rhefiili¡uoio ¿he¡ucrb¡
.:. nead,,; _ * 0.S.llfec[
ñú ilH#,itJ**t-.u "o.m"¡*r
l:.: i:;.¿=rüc viscoaity,from Fig. g3. yi¡¡ bo Totalk : 0.s+ Z (0j06)+ 4 (0.10)+ 0.38_ 1.40
' : 0.0000016sguare feet/second Tbe head losc dup to thc [tün8r, by Equation (A).
¡ill be

I-¿ i:y¡¿ld¡ Numbcr,by Eguation (3), wiil bo h-kH -5

¡ : I!r : t.n^o-f,itgrto
= r,890,000
= r.B9
X ros
- 1.40X 0.5.t1
- 0.76fc-et
0.00000_"
_ll: f¡:c,.icn factor may be-tak9n from Fig. ZO,I - 0.01J9. The total he¡d loss in ¿hesuc¿ionliqe = 2.07
f 0.?6 _ 2.g3
l-:: Ltad toss duc ro p'ipu fricti.;, tr;'Eq;",;*üiu, *¡li Éi feet.
rvl Tbe net-positivesuction bead, (hr"). is the total suc¿lon
h¿
_ . : f é, -D bead
in _feet ol líquid ahsolute ¿eter¡riineá'arth; .*;¡.,
2g refe¡red to üaru¡n less tbe..vapor
n"r"iu-uiJ
F¡essure 11ü
absolute. Tbe datr¡m is tbe'c.enü.rii¡¡e.of"ii¡jlil¡iiiá-¡i
tbiJu"ip foi:for"i-
z¡ntul pun¡rrs. 'fhe nressure-¡n tbe d¡rec¿ÁñL"í ¡."ür'ü
= o.orie
[#*J .."t 19 f:i. ibsoüF wbicb'is equar; i-b; ;;ü; piÁur"
ac 150 F. . Tlrerefore,
of w¡t¿r
-the beater ,.,,uybi coLi,l...d ó ü;;
atmo-spbericJ,ressurefor..tbe purpori
2.0?f¿et posirive suctión hesd. l'he ne'r "i
ói"prt¡ü ti;;;;
-*if
r;,sit¡y;-s;;l'ií; [ii¿ üJ
i:c gis5:ge coefticícnt¡f3r-rh9 fftting¡ inay be obr¡ined
l-: r ieLles33(a),32(b) ¡lfcj. a¡-láito;;:' "" h," = (1t3.00- 6?.00)_ Z.g3
"n¿
i-.r.ri:nce,k : 0.i (assuminga square-edgedinlet) = 65.00- Z.g3= 62.17
'.\''¡.;n-li5s
gate valve,k : 0,06
cí 63feet,of n,aterat 2S0F
; =n Flg.2ia): Tbe ¿oi¡l suclion bcad b given by

Ior 90 dcgree.pipebend, h. =b."*hror-h.

R50 whereir
::-
Ll t0.020 b. : total suctionheadin feet (positive)
ry < h,, : net positivesuotionheadin feet
arti h,* : vapor pr€xisure
of iiquid in feeüabsolute
h. : atrrosphericpressurein feet absolute
= 0.000180
ó
lTu1n;tls the otmospheríc pressureto be 14.? psia, and ro,
so that k :x o.to menrDenog tDE¿tbc vapor pressureof the waterin tle direct
@Etact beater is 30 psia,
Fcr rerlueingelbow,
h. : l4l&'w
-
Averase$ = l.o6
T _ t4d x 14.7
ile rc-,,:;!.¡r:s ¡rrrarrrcl,erfor casü tittingr may be taleo aA
58.82
- 36.0feeü
c : 0,00085X lZ = 0.0109inches srld
1}erefore,
b"p. * 144-p"r./w
=
AverageÉ - o.ooll :144x30
ry 58.82
'-l = tü.D ¡eel
¡i = 0.gg for a straighüsizs elbow
Yberejn w - 58.82 tb,cu f! et T - 150 F from T¡btc i7.
Tberefore, tbe tot¿l suctiou bead i¡

l:+ cf:ct.of thc reduction of ¡rea i¡ ¡ rcducing

b. -62.17+?3.5-46.0
elbor i¡ dif,i-
+i r c¡!¡¡n¡r¿. It ueually r.d.ugo tt. t"s.trñi¡"it" = 99.61
¡"
*:ea, io r.a equivalent'atraigh0 6ú ab.;-'ñ;
fr¡tber = I00 feetof wet¿rat 250F.
¡ü be ¡-nadebere bec¡-usetü.h.;i*;
l::*,. d it-;,i;

(5sl
 IIYDRAULTC INSl'ITUTE

^ . b. Qisch-srge-Line 125.0f.), Tb. fo_llo*ingpropertiesof Tbe los caused by changing tbe dircction of tbe flow
}irrl Scbedr¡le80 st¿cl pipe moy be obrain;A i.o;r'i;bl; will be
39(e139(ci, inel..
. .\'2
Diameter,D = 7.625inches- 0.635tfecü n = kr; : 0.28X l.6l : 0.4Sfeer
-5
Area, A : 0.3171squarefeet ¡
An additional losswill be causedby üt ure of .,be
erbow ¡s sn
Ftelativeroughness, - 0.000236 lncre¡ser.. 'l'bis ma¡ be e¡rinatej ;-;;J;;".;¡¡is"á-;i
$ lo$ asi¿is un!íheiv'rhat
- rÉ".Uo* ü¡tiüi"-il,;d¡i;;
atraigbt inc:ea¡cr.

U:
Thevelocity, = : lo.t9fülsec.
f ffi
(10.19)2
The inlet yelcciry,\', :f: ffi
- 17'85
ftlsec
v2
As before,

"";:J:3.: R:YD
Therefore,by Equation (S)
V¡ - 10.19ftAec

=- ,,i.rq* o.6ss4 (\"

0.0000026 ¡ : :- vr)3 _ (l?.85 - Io.l9)t _,,,
: 2,490,000 zs ff-0'91feel
- t.49 x 106
Tha tot¡J lose due to tbe etbow r¡ü bo
The friction factor, from Fig. 20 ¡ü be / - 0.0145.
Thc head loss due to pipe friction, by Equatioa (!). will bc
h : 0..15
+ 0.91= 1.36feeL
,
n , = J. LDVE2 Tle hesdlossin tbeVenüuri
y,d,p jIy ir¡,r.he
p-.'.^:._"_:':],:
Met¿rrilt be pa¡ttyin tbe
difluser. f b. ;";J;i;*;;;;
r€ computeo Dy txe iorfDuls
lo8 ') '
l r <f
: o . o'*" I'or
: 3.97feet
[o'em1 "

Tbe bead-loasin tbe 6inc^h 8-r¡ch dischargeelbrtwmay be if ir,eie¡n

¡=
[¿i'-'J
# (12)

\V
tstimated fro,rn Tables 39(a)-ood :t91b), for ?incb Se¡ráuli
80 pipe, as followt:
h = Ilead los.sin feet of fluid
D - 5.T6linches Co = Coeflicientof velcrcityf.or nozzle
A : 0.l8l0 squarefeel i'r : \'eloeity at throat (smqüestcros5-section)
cf nozelein feet/second
Averagediameter of elbow =
8 32.17 l'eet/second/6€co¡d
_ 5.?61
+ 7.62s
Jbe cx¡efficje¡1 velocit¡ bag ¿besame num€ric¡¡ value a¡ the
r-:cc.ítf¿n-t_ "f
,)t Jrsl.iar{? ¿.r !<rrt srr:otr\ ¡ozzlg¡ ¡uü ¡s a¡e
= 6.69inches ir¡ed ;¡ !'crtu¡i ,o,lerers.
.Ti;e thrcat ".todtt ú¡;;;G
obt-ri¡ed from rte ¿iF.evelocit:, head,
. R : u.75
Average
ij ffi vi
= 1.76 23
.{s before, by
e : 0.0102 v l = lD' ' l{Vt
:0.00152
D ó:ó9 2g i¡:.,j 4
¡R
¡nd frcn- Fig. 2(a): Añ<: ¿
ll''-ti' : n't
¡5Cl
!,3.
k = 0.2B
37.5fcet

i5ó;

I
 .:
PTPE FRTCTION MANUAL

Therefore,lhe no¡zlelosswill bq T¡. totd frictio¡ b¿¡d h¡ ¡¡ tbG 250 F dirchergr l¡lo r¡¡l b.

f r r rr I b - 3.9?+ 1.36+ 5.34+ 5.54

h=lln+l--rlzz.s
t - 16.2ffeetof wate¡at 250F
- (t.041_ r) 27.5
- l.l3 feeü
c. Ilircbtsc Llnc (350 F). Tho vdunrckh r¡t¡ ol flor
Tbe lossin ¿holóincb loar {ifluser may bc oümatcd by Egur- wiü be incrc¡ñ dua to thc crp¡¡¡¡oD of tbc r¡t¿r i¡ t'bc
tion (ó) or, from Iig. 3 ¡¡ follow¡: bcetor, Tba epeific rci¡lt et ciü t¿mpcr¡turc, f¡oo Tülc
37, ri¡l bé
,- D¡ -
-D T- 7 . 6 2-5: = -3#:0.121
rt i¿Ito ¡t T - 250F, w - 58.82lb/cu ft

for which at T = 350F, r : 55.59lb/cu fi

k = 0.266
The discharge,Q = 3'230;3# = 3'4f8 cu ftlrc
and

': n[[B:l'-']';i n
TbevelocitY,V = X = Offi - 10.78
t¿lR
f/sec

-0.366[tm]'-']'ro, - head, i
Tbe velocity
vt ll o ?8)t
: ':iz"a-¡' - 1.81feet
28, o.l'o+
= 4.21feet
The Linematicviscosity,by Fig. zs, will bc
Tbc beed loc¡ i¡ tbc Ycaturi Mct€s rill b.
r - 0.0000019
aq tt/sec
h = l.l3 + 4.21- 5.34feet

Resi¡tancc oclicíe¡t¡ foe tb¡ ¡co¡ioder of fho ft¡i¡g¡ nrl llho ReynoldsNumbcr,
bc ob!¡incd:

F¡om Tabla 32(e). 32O) r¡d t2(c) ^ -;VD - -¡:mmlt

10.78 X 0.63j{ = 3,600,000
- 3.6 X l0l
Swingcheckvolve, h-2.0
Wedgcdiscgst6 Ya¡Yc, L, - 0.0?5
Tbo frictio¡ factor,frvm Fig. 21,rill be
Sudde¡cnlargcrocatal beater,l¡ - 1.0

Froo Fig.2(¡):90 daf¡¡ 0ea¡od dbor, forf - 0.000236

.f - 0.0141|
R . 1r.75
D ?3ZE Tb. b¡¿ l¡¡ duc to ¡igc frictbo' bt Eqt¡¡li¡¡ (l). üU b.
= 1.54 |.Vt
ht- t #ü = o'otl¡ -
offi l'81 6't2t,'l
tAr ¡¡¡¡¡n oÉdcot¡ fú tb. lltis o¡y br obr¡i¡d:
É-*#-0.ü)r3{
Fmo Tablc¡ 32(¡), 32(b)e¡d 32(cl
for rhich
k ar 0.29 E¿t¡¡¡q¡ f¡oo bcdc¡,

Tü. b.¡d lor¡ h 3b¡.6¡ü¡r+ by EAnioa (a) riü b. L - 05 (t!ü¡Di¡¡g ¡ ¡Jut¡c dgd i!ht)

¡ - [2.0+ 2(0.0?5)
+ 0.29+ r.0]r.6l IYcdglnir getc vdvs
- 3.14 X l.él - 5.54feet L - 0.0?5

Í.s7
|
 ITYDRAULIC INSTITUTE

Suddenenlargement
to economizer, Static llcad friction lt¡ss l
h-1.0
- ??.00)
= (12?.00 - ó.;.00)
** + (?7.ü.f
Drr.o¿
From Fig.2(a):90 degreopipe bend,
- 47.2í'+ 10.00
R 4-0
D fl6r5
- S.2S = 57.25feet of wat¿rat 2J0 F

and
Eco¡¡onrizer
pressurcheurlf¡iction lxs
ar
: 0.000236
ú
_ 900_x 144
58.89
for which
k - 0.10 - 2203fect r¡f watrr ct ti{, f'

For 90 degrecllangtxlelbow, Tbe tr¡t¡l dircbargo heed riü bc

k - 0.29,the sa¡neas for the 2S0F dischargeline.
h - 5 ? . 2 5+ 2 2 0 3+ 1 6 , 2 1
+ ll.4{+220
ll*lryi:lEr¡ing l.gp.n¡ey.be
considced
e¡ rbrcc_90
d4ta
- pipc - 250i.90
Dcad!' ¡ tot¡l of air pipc bcodr i¡ tbc litr¿

= 2508feetof waterat 250F

Tb¡ bc¡d locs in the üttirys, by Equaüoa (t), ,i¡¡ bc

h - [ 0 . 5 + 4 ( 0 . 0+?ós()0 . 1 0
+ )2 $ . A ) + 1 . 0 ] r . 8 r Tbc lotd bead fu¡ üc purop till bo
- 5.39feet
lI-h¿-h.

Thc hhl berd losú duo ro frictj¡oo iu tbe 3S0 F dirbargr : 2508- 100
tiEo rlü b.
h-6.?2+5.39 = 2408feet of roter Et 250 F
- l2.ll feet of r¡tcr aü350 F
It úould bc mtod fhrc tbc p¡po f¡i¿"tbo .Dd 6$hr l*r¡¡ l¡
e¡c¡usive of tbc lm in the pressurercgu¡¡to¡. tüo dirlrg. liDc erc r v^eryrmill pottbo of thc totei cir$rr¡¡e
hc¡d. Tbc¡Cor¡, tbc dcgrc? of iefincrnarl d tü. prccüdü
coo¡rtaiioar i¡ unr¡rn¡tcd foc ¡n i¡¡t¡ll¡üo¡ of iüi¡ ty¡.
_. Al¡ b€d ¡G úo.¡¡d bc crprcsacd in fee! of ,rt¡r .t Tha indicrtcd procadun mry bo u¡eful in tho ¡ohüo of dfr
p.obhor rbcrc tüc bydnulic lccr.¡G
ffiffiffill'1trsl,*ff,ffi'"#t3
¡pdE rlltDq rr. r' fdlor¡:
¡r. iopút¡st

Dirchaaoline, 350F,

Frictiontocs- l2.ll
'^^ {'52
5TTE
- 11.44feetof waterat 250F

Hc¡ter andpúGrút¡r€
regulator,
(1{¡
Fricüo¡ ¡oñ - llo] 141
58.82
- 2il0 tat of r¡ter at 250 F

f58¡
 FñlsnorírAcmRf.{h
3IIg--'

o
a.
-l

f
o

i F
c)
a
3 z
e3 tt
t -t
.i -t
t
t ..¡
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a
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lrt
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It
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l>
lt er I¡
lñ
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a
l ei
te
ta t5
1¡ lo

-r
.t
:
¡3
rt'
 :
t. c¡ rl4orxrr------J 3 ¡a*g
: 1:'¡.ri

'{ 'x k :<'t :- !¡'"i ;'if ;'"'.'9 E irEi: a

o
a

t
o
t

f,

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¿.
-
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w,ffiffi,t
 PIPE FRTCTTON

P ¡ P E ü i A F ; i E T E f¡f N FEE'¡; D
A= ? +p9,9,1 I -1.o7
^4

.o3 .o6
9Z 05

o4 lf,
.ol ttl
.cog ñlfi &
ü
.006
.üü5 .o3 (,r
.o04 3
o03 o
K,
.@5
.o0e bJ
(}

lrl
r$!o
.oül se J
3
gt .aaq8 .orE
G}
g
U'
l¡¡ .0005
z, .ecs5 |"-
I
(9
.oco4 fx6 l¡J
3 .0003 F
o l¡J
J
E
.ocoz .or4 L
lrE
i¡i
o
()
F .ooor .G? c
J
¡¡J
.ooo,o8 o
|!
G .ooo.06
o00,06
.oogo4
.ooqo3
.0oo,0e

ooopl
.ooQ,oo8
.9Aq@q
.0oo;oo5t I

I 2 3 4 56 8 tO n 30 ¡10501 80
60 too
P I P E D I A i I E T E R f N t N C H E SD, '

Fis. 2L RELATIVE BOUGHNESSFACTORSFOn NEW CLEAN PIPES.

f6,ql

$ l*
 ¡ I 1 '¡ ) R ¡ l l J L I C I N S T I T U T E

or (vD")(v in ,fu.x D"intNcHEsi

vALr¡És

o
t¡J
T
(J
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b F
x

H
z
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if)

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r¡¡
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t
if
s!
c\|
_t
-q -l rb
g' Ír
I

rrif¡¡?rc vrtcog¡lY. sqrt r¿r lIq

rrlcl¡ilc vrtco¡rfYr cttltrl¡lülÉt

i$j
 Pll,E FRI{t'rt()N juANt.r

t--

*tt ¿
E t l
<l I o;

s
F-l ri
,,1 bt,
--1-----ñ11-'
=l oÍl J
z
tn
0l toll "i
:?l >il flv l
ül r..lil DI
)l
a.t üil <l

V i
b3 z
l¡J I ttr'
ll
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el XI
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l¡J I
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fl\ z
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U F¡

ol
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l^¡ |
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ñl FI
l¡¡ |
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uli -u tl ü
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LJ¡ ¡r
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i¡r¡
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t*\ t¡JI
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=l
tl
ñ¡l
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 TIYDRATJLTC INSTT'l'tlrrE

STEEL PIPE

¡
No' 4'
Fig. 25' I:YSTALLATIONFOn EXAMPLE
f é8.!
¡
 PIPE FRICTTON MANUAL
,
SECTIONS_Y¡SOS¡TY
t d r ouid (ifiuid or rer) ir thet pmp' Tbc¡eforo, tüo diren¡bn¡ of Li¡emrric viroity rro
Jú Tb vir-ty
a--¡ d ro rL¡ r rbcrrio¡ fotcc- Sim mc,tioo or
É ¿ ¡ H i ro¿occd by üe¡¡i¡g forc€+ y¡¡cooily i¡ len$b'
d ri| Hi uti¡. Tb¿rc i¡ oo nlation betree¡ üc timo
-r -a t¡. Fi6c ¡nvity ol ¡r¡ot tl¡uidr- For i¡-
¡---ü f¡i- tlt ¡rmo rpccifc grriiry (1.44) a¡d Tbc unit of Li¡em¡lic vi*ooity io E¡¡li¡b m¿r¡ura b ttc
t-Lir dif (9o) D.y vrry io viroity froo¡ 128,{XX) rcua¡o foo! pe¡ ¡ocood. The uni¡ of \ir¡¿m¡tic viroi3y il
¡I'- Ssi Sr¡bott ti¡ivcr¡¡l isSU). lletric ruc¿sureb tho ¡qua,t c: ¡litne¿€rptr ¡ecood ,:rl!c<it.bc
STOKE. It u¡ueJly i¡ mors coovor¡ico3-tocrprÉ. ouo¡c¡i¡rl
vrtucr ia CE|{T¡S}OKES rr¡cb tb¡3 l0o ceoütoler ogurl
t f ll¡¡ ¡¡r tn boic viroity prr¡r¡et¿n: i.e., os rlola
ianllG
tfrr.IlG (c AB{iOLUTE)YISCGSITY
lc ABSILUTE) YISCOSITYr¡d r¡d K¡NE'
K¡NE.
I¡TE
I¡TE
I¡TE fl3q¡t¡TY.
fltüIilTY.
fltüIilTY. Tbc dyo¡mb viarnity
Tbc dyu¡mb
dyu¡mb rory be
viarnity rory
viarnity rory do-
be do-
do- F-29. Tbc disti¡¡ction b¿twecn the dynarnic and üc
H *l rb .t d Ff. 2ó rbicb
Ff. 2ó rbicb üos¡
üos¡ two prrallet planc
two prrallet planc rur-
rur- Li¡cm¡tic vircosity sbould be carcfully notetl ¡r¡ that thc cor-
- J ¡r r di¡t¡¡cc (d) a¡d r.bo rpact b+
lA) m¡rt¿d rect paramet€rwill bo usedas requiredin conrputatbns. Somc
- cd:ly
-qrl.|ldy 6!cd ritb 0ukl A forca (I) b rpptied
rpplied to
tg usefül relationcbips are ag fullows:
d r tb i¡r d tl¡ ¡Dptr r¡¡ls, ceurúag it to mvc vith
¡ rúri! fV) rrlfd to t"h¿brcr 0¡od ¡¡¡rf¡c. Tho velocity I pound -441.823 dynes
Hrb ñ b. lirtr ovcr lhc d¡st¡¡e (d) a¡:d erperi- I foot -30.4800 ce¡timet¿r¡
rr. k t¡d t¡o rlopc ol tlo vdocity lioc wUt Uo I square foo¿- 929.03I 6qua¡¿ cdnümet€n
[¡J
gqrdolrl ¡o tbc uoil .b€aring folrca, r -
lor all I dyne'second pcr sq c¡rr - I E¡ise - 100 centi¡xliscs
-d"t i.
-lt¡rto¡ü¡" I rq on/scc - I ¡tole: lü) c¿nti¡lole¡
ar- c 0uids. Thc proporrbnality factor G)
r tL tyrqúc vircrity. Tbo forcgoi¡S ¡o¡y be erprerecd I lb-eec/sq ft - 478.80I poiser - a7n880.I cenüpoi*r
f't ¡b.t ¡i[

F V- (13)
Í-
T r'¡- ft, : o?fu c€nt¡po¡seE
¡,lb-sec/sq

t centipoiscs
0.0000308855
(14)
$á
v¡a
y sq ftrlscc l:g cfn499
I¡reiort tlc dioc¡¡ios of üo dyarmic Yiloosily i¡6 929.034
tine stoLes
0.0010?639
for:c6
E;Em v- _v y= --_.;-
P wlg
TL Íj¡ of dva¡mic vi¡sity ¡¡ r"¡glbh me¡sr¡¡c is tbo
rgod.ood ú ¡qu¡rc f@t ;hich is nuroeri<nlly ide¡tic¡l r sq ft/sec ¿
0.0006?19?0
11'
.r¿ '¡c *¡¡ Fr? foi.rocood. Tbo uni¡ of dynamic viscmity
¡ tla¡i carura i¡ üe dy¡+cood pcr rquarc c¿nt¡meler.
a¡.t t¡. POISE, rbicb i¡ oumericrlly ideoücal ¡ilh üc where
a ttt aüot¿e.roo¿ lt ururüj b more coove¡ieot É¡ - cc¡tl¡poises
L r¡;rr rGic¡¡ vdr¡c¡ i¡ CENTIPOTSES rucb ü¡t 100
gl oa POISE and
w : lb/cu ft

g - 980.665cm/s€c//sec
ORCE F
= 3 9 . 1 7 . 1f t0r l s e c r ' s e 8
ct se¡
leveland approximatelY {5
degreeslatitude

F.3O. The vi¡cosiües of all liquidr vrry apprccirbly ritl

cb¡o¡ee in ten¡Der¡ture. The influcn,:c of chengc in Fersure
vigx.siües o( liquids such ¡¡ mi¡ret¡l
"ere Tbe
usually is uexliiible.
;¡l-;;á watir unalTected by tbc nr¡iniSud¡ ¡¡d fiDd of
motiou to rbicb they may- be ¡ubiectcd m long u üte tempcr'
¡ture rcnrein¡ const-cnt' Tbb p¡ope¡t¡' de6ner ¡ "ln¡e" or
vLoity (rl ory bc obtriul by-dividi¡¡ ;Ñevroni¡n" lluid. A liquid ¡s-$id to be "üirotro¡ic" if it¡
L Lbti:
vlxi¡y rrr by tic ogdrority (c). -I-bo ma¡ virosilv decre¡s¿s¡¡ ¡fitotion is incre!¡cd 8t conrt¡nt tam'
t*
-rá r tb r*i6i
-ff- icigÉt trl dividcd Ly tbo rccclcraüor pe¡at r¡¡ó. E::arr.ples ure aspiralts,celIulr¡sc.¡mpou nds. gl uc¡.
¿-'a- rctitonr.ip ney bc erpranod bv tta molass€s, paints, soaps' at¡¡cbes. tan, aod oa.oy
- óth.;.' A Liouid is¡id to bc-''dilEta¡t" ü üc viscaity ia'
"r."".¡.
crcase! !s agitet¡oo is iocre¡r.a ot co¡¡t¡lt tcmPct¡tura.
F¡¡molc¡ arc clav clu¡ric+ c¡¡dy compound¡' aod ¡imil¡¡
,¡tt ¡c¡iilv 6lled liquíds. A8 it¡ustraiio! ol cach of tbc ¡bovc
,--:-- (ts) typcr ic givcn io Ytg.27.
a/8 P
fó9

I
 II YDRAULTC INSTI'TU'I'E
FJl. --Tbe riscosiry.of .most. thixotropici.onddilatant
lior:üs rill return to its initial valr¡e wben ogitntion ceases.
ü e rrate
iTte off rrecovery
ate o e c o v e r y iis
s d i f f e r e o t ffor
differeot or d
i f f t r t ' n t lliqrrids.
difftrt'nt
Dccesr¡y to lnow the tiscnsity, ar eflected by the dcgree.of
{it¡tion-, tbrougbout tbe purñping s}stem before tbe pipe
fá¿b¡ ca¡ be estlmalcd.
fJl. Viscosity is nn'ast¡rcdby an instnrrnent called ¡
rhcoq'rnetcr. .\ dcfinitc vr¡lurncof tlr¡id is allowed to flow
throu¡h a ce¡rillary tubc r.¡rorifir'¡ of s¡xx;ifi,'rl ¡rro¡rrtions and
tbc timc of eflh¡¡ rr¡tcd. Instru¡ntnls of tbe cnpillarJ type,
srb as tbe (htweld. Ilincbam. antl trbbll,¡hde viscmimeters
¡r¿ used primarily for liquidr of low viscrnity, sgr:-t¡ as water.
f mt¡um"nLsof thá orificetyfte are ttscrlcommerciallyfor more
vis¡:ousflr¡ids such as ¡rctióleurn produclr. nnd-the ti¡ne of
efllux of tba sanr¡rleis'talen as a nleasureof ttre vis-cosity.
1-}rc Saybolt visc¡rsinretcris conrrnonly used in tbe United
Statc:, ihc Seybol¿lJrrivcrsalfor liqtridsolmedium 'l'lIe vistnsity
end thc Salbolt l'urol for thoseof bi¡lhviscosity. viscosity
is e¡orcsqrdin Srronds Snybol¿líniversnl (SSU) or Setonds
Seybblt l'u¡ol lS5F). f'he rel¡¡tionshiplntween Soyholt
Univereal visc<;sitiesanrJ kinernnlic viscositiesin centistokee
i: ¡iven in "ASTi\f Conversi<¡nTables f<¡r Xincnratic a¡d
Saibol! lJniversalViscosities"'or by the ASTlfl Standard,
Designation: D t't6.' Simitar inlormati,rn fi¡r Saybolt
Fu¡ol viscoeitiesnray bc obtained from tbe ASTII Standard,
Designatir.rn:Drl6ó.' The resprttive llrítish corrnterparts
of the Ssybolt Universal and Saylnlt l'urol vi-scosirneters ara
the Rediood end Redwor¡d Adrniralty visc¡¡simer.er¡.Tbe
Engler viscosirneterLq used erten,.ively on the continent of
Europe. Vi.scosinrcters sur:has the Br.¡¡kíield ere ¡rarticularly
r¡scful¡vitb thixotropicand dilat.antliquids. l hcreare many
otber vircirnel,en lor spc.cialprrrpos¡s,
' discus:i,-¡n ot' whicb is
beyond the stnpe of tbis'i\lanuirl. \'irmit.y conversionlaJrles
loi use with the above dcscribedviscosimetersare sbown in
Tabler 34 snd 35.
F-33. lr-oteworthy is the fat't !lla! -thr:s¡xrilir' ¡rrvity.
vistnsitv. and viwnsity index" of trtott li<¡rirls dr:penduprn
i q r r i d s . IItt iis
s their or¡rin nnd the nre[h,dsof refiningor pnrerrin¡enrploycd.
Voh¡,rsof tbe soecil'icgrari¿y and üc viurrsity l¡r¡tj¡ in c¿nti-
stohes and Srrnnds Sayboli (lnivemal of rrtany liqrriclsere
ci ven in Tal¡L: :16. Tv¡rieal valut'swl¡ich htve bc*rr st¡ndarrl-
ized l¡v refirrtebft'arrthoritíer ap¡rar in tnftl face ty¡r. Tbe
vis¡¡sitr rlttlrs Ír'r twr dif-'rrcntknt¡nratttrcs ere sbown t<.r
aid in "itirnntíng the ¡lofle of tl¡e vistrxity'ttmpeottrre nrn'e-
The viwrxitirs ¡iven in tabte 36 wereIneasurrdby ellhu typ
viscosirnctcrsahd do noü allow frrr cny effecl.rrelrllin¡ fronr
¿hea¡iLstion of non-Newtonian liqrrids. The vari¡tion t¡f tbe
sl'eciiic rravity and voltlrt¡e wittr ternpcrcüureof pttrolcunr
products ir shdvn in Fi¡r. !8 and ?9 rapccüively'
Tbe imrnrtance o[ tle orisin of lubricating oil i¡ in t.bemen-
ner in wbiih it inlluencesthá visctnity index ¡s illustrrted in
Fic. 30. Illany liquidr designatcdby tuch namer as asPbalt"
mñla.ses.oil, iarnisb, etc., ar¿ actually blends-or cut-b¡cls
and bavó loter viscositie¡tban the unblcnded liquids of the
same name. A viscasity blending cba¡t for use.rit'b oib is
sho*n in l'ix. 31. Lct óil (A) haie tbe hisber viscosity and
oil (l|) rhe lower viscosity. i\lark the vi.rccsityol (A) rnd
(lf)'on tbc ri¡ht and lcft hand scales.rr:ipt*etivcly'and draw
sirai,¡ht linc connectingtbe marls rs cbown. Tbe viscosity
" anv blend of (A) and (B) rill be cbotn by tbe intersoctioo
áf
of thó verticnl line represenüng tbe Pc¡c€ot¡t! compe¡ü¡on
and tbe line decribed above'
'A¡ncrican Srrciety for Tertiug Mrteriah. 1916 Rece St.'
Philadelpbia,Pa.
t t Tbe viscttsil.yindex ig a rneasureof tb9 -slo-pc
-of-tbe viscoc'
itv-t¿moeraturi cu¡ve' See "Sls¡d¡rd llletbod for Cdcul¡'
ti;g ViiositJ Index", AST;\I Sta¡dard D3ó7.
t 701
 E FRICTION iITANUAL

'¡.
t.

t.

't.

t
I
I a o o eo oooQ

rr
61 o OOOOO
r,o ¡f) F <DotO o ó o 90 oooo
C GlÍtqu)tD ¡ooo

SECONDS
INVERSE

fl 2?. TYPICAL SHEAR RATE CURVES.

-
 q
ItIt)RAtlLl(: INSTITUTE
tr

;,
:
RELATIONS
GRAVITY
PETROLEUMT E.MPERATURE
900

800

ll- 600
t

ó
l!
o 500
bJ
g

)
(r
t¿J
400
l¡J
F

300

too

60 rn ?úl
F l.
or (D
() o
o o o o

( \\..\'l Eli ,\'l' o0 F ).

sl'li{.1}'l(; (;i{,\\'l'r1' IlEt'EltltEI)'[()
Fig' 2tl
t -a I
Lta i
 P¡PE FRICTION MAl\iUAL

VOLUMERELATIONS
PETROLEUMTEMPERATURE
s!0

800

700

600
t!

I
I

)
ó
l!
500

t¡J
c
F

400
l¡J

l¡J
F

?oo

too

50

o rn O ¡/)
O
= ór ó
¡GO¡i '' r) )' O
f ) 'tO
t rO
t n rf) lrtr¡)tg

PEfi(:DNT IN(lRErlSEIN v()l'UitlE AIIOVE 60 t'.

Fic. 29

t73t
 I I } D I T AU L I C INSTITU'¡'E

INDEX- I}IINERALOIIS
VISCOSTTY

50000

20@o

roooo
5@0
4000
3000
2000
t500
tn tooo
z. 750
o
l{
500
(n
400
300
Q

9¡
¿oo
z
f5'o
l<
H

¡0 too
90
qñ
80
F 70
an
o 60
tt)
55
50

a5

37
ooo
ñ| 33 oooooooo
foF@oro=!2
oo
t? ú¡
oo('o
eeRñ
TEITPENATUREDEGREES

Fis. 30

1 7 4|
 I'IPE FRICTION ]}fANUÁL ¡

i
,l

VISCOSITYBLENDING
CHART
3000 3000
F 2000
Fz
z 2000
i¡J
l¡J
z 1500 1500 z,
o o
o-
c
t000 t000
=
o
o
()
rJ 750 750

sbo E
tr 500 @
ú
400
o
o
().
400 o
an
U' t
300 300
t r
3 I
o 200 200 I
J r¡J
t¿J :c
F
F t50 r50
c0 J
J
6 6
to0 ro0 J
J
90 90
{J) u)
& 80 80 E
trJ t¿J

z 70 70 z
l :)
5 60 60 5
o
o
(D
55 co
e
a
55
{a
rf,
a 50 6
o o
z z
o
(J o
l¡J
45 o
l¡J
a @

:
a
E
@
o
()
o
(J
2 I

orLA o to zo 30 60
4c) 60 70 80 90 roo
orLI r00 90 80 70 50 40
60 30 20 rc0
OF' (:OIIÍPONEN'T
PER(.E|'ITAGE OII^5.
Fig. 3l

t'51
 q
IIYDRAULIC IITSTITUTE
t

TABLE 34
CONVERSIONTABLE

Ilnr¡tic !ccsrdr dr t ¡ccn,tr

t¡¡hol t 3r,:gr
lqó
llrcotltt I l¡dPod 2 P r rI l n C¡, tr
tcdYood
furol r r l t Y) C'te17
¡rf { ltrndrrd } ( l d r i
1.00
tr 1.@ l . 1 6 ?.?0 | -
75 ¿.56 r . 3 r t.{0 I -
10 ..)a r.58 ú8 1-
50 7 .r 0
1.88 618t-
60 10.3 2.17 18)l-
70 L).r 12S. 5 ?.a5 a01l-
80 15.7 11.70 y8
la.11 ?,7) l-
90 r8.2

20.6 1 5 .2 1 ).02 1071-

100 4.r8 lgsl-
t2.r 19.30
150 5.92 11. I ¡0
200 .1.2 8,5 7.)5 ur I{6
250 v.0 28.0
8.79 s5 I 52.5 6 . 0I 3 , 0 n
.2
20
28
,m 65.0 )?.5 7 , 2| t . 2
.00 8 7. 5 0 .1.9 t1.70
¡r.60
70.8 |
56.¡ I 79
66
7 . 8[ , . r 50 v
rr0.0 51.6 s . 5L . 6 58 .0
500 17.50 .7.0 I 92
6@ r)2 6 1 .I
e . 0| 3.e 61 ¡5
20.r5 r0.3 | 16
700 lv 7 1 I.
n.)5 15.2| l20 e . sI r.r 71 50
176 81.0 1 0 . 7I ..' 82 57
&0
9l.0 É.t0 ,r., I ll5 {.5 90 6:
900 198 28.2I 1r9 ll.5 |
r@.7 29.20
1000 224
L),& r8.7| rs.zI 6.'
t500 150
58.r0 11.1 I ¡ e . 5| t . 5
?m0 200 7).0 1 1 . tI 2. 19
290 ?50
87.60 9.1 | 2 S . 5I l l
N ,00
tl lll 7)O
11 7 . 0 7.051 290
.0@ r@ s.il I it lt6
500 lr6 3r l2z ,50
5000 rt( ¡.701 .t0
6m0 600 67 | ¡5
70 20..5
?FO
600 .65
Tn.5 ).121 )..
ú00 1760 m ?6) ).1)l t87 t80- 520
575
90@ ts0 900 2.821 .74 60
?92
r060 2200
650 t2ú
nin 60 t7r5
a100

usc lhe followlnF co*'

F,rr of 70 centi¡tokes ¡nrl ¡bove'
. Viscosity ( in centisto\es ) "¡lr¡e*
Kincm¡¡ic ') rctsron:
- .1¡,*i'l,rr" \'i.c,r*¡lY lin ctntip"i''
sstj = cenlisl¡)krt x 4'ó3s
Drnsity
' trlifnt ''' ¡rr t¡n¡c ol thc viscosi
the Systenr lerm3 eenl¡st{rkes
l\fetric
'r:l'l
I'l' r,.tlrr r:rngr of thir talrL' untl will¡in- lh"
Whrn
i. i"n'"ti''iiiv''"¡titl ¡¡ ¡[¡¡.*p'-' ili'..:r¿rrtv J'l¡r're' '"iut t'v the rpprorim
fuilorrio¡
J."i.', ¡" i""' ¡i1-
thit'h wilt h' 'ufttr''ntly
,"lll,ll f"'';t"itt
fore. Ihe f'rllowilrF i t t ' l ¡ e u s c t l "i,,riu'ii''t''
c(tnvrf l o 5 5 t ' :
frcl,,r. t¡¡
"'ptt'*'tt"'
rcuf ¡tP lo¡ mrtsl cek'r¡l¡liunt: l'ecto¡ Vi<¡o¡imct¡r ry
Vi<o*imrlrr
<nsitv t in ctnli't'kc: )
K i n c r n ¡ t i c V i :' = 98'2
Á í t q r l r r t r Y i ¡ e' ¡ ' i l v - t i n . c t ' n t i p l i s ' "
1
Snll¡rlt F¡rrol
ro
'i.mS l)¿rlin crrPf 15
Parlin cuP lff) l8?'0
Speciñc GravitY Rei*o,ul St¡nd¡rll l?'4
Rerlqonrl AdrninltY lóai- Ford cuP I {
'J¡¡3i¡v mrt;t le used
E'hcn thc English Srtem ; nit$ Brc trs¡rt'th: Lngier' Dcg,rter 34..5
nthrr lh¡n t l r e s P t c : ñ c ¡rartlY'

t7(I
 PIPE FRI(:'TION ¡I.{NUAL
TABLE 35
VTSCOSITY
CONVERSION
TABLE
l l , t f o l l , ' x í r r gt a b l c w . i l lg i v e ' a n s p p r o x i m a t ec o m p a r i s { ) n
t ¡ f v a r i o u sv i s c ' o s i t rya t i n g ss o t h a t i f t h e v i s c o s i t yi s
; , i , ' r r i r t l t ' r n r s O l h ¡f tlran Sl¡bolt l-rniversal, it can l¡e lrn¡rslalerlt¡uicU1'by following hr.rrizorrtally to rhc Say6oh
{ , , r r ,r - ¡ l t ' , r l u n t n ,

lirr¡¡tic ¡r, /o¡.

e¡rd¡rr 3¡csrdr lrcqrd ¡ 3rcoad¡
l i r c o ri t y lrhn S ¡ n I r r 0errlrr
ltolt
C.it i rlo¡.r' Cur f5 Cq )l C¡¡ ll0
l u t bI r

)l t.m
t5 2.%
¡o ¿.JO -
fr 7.¡o 2.6
@ t0.l ,.6
t r .I 4.6
& t5.7 5.,
I 18.2 6.t
t@ 20.ó t25 tq tt
t50
2co
52.I
15.2
IA' l.o Ir.l
t65 A tl
t,1 t5.2
29 tt.o rs A 26 I.t ty

]m ó5.0 225 FI
n 2.0
.6 87.0 2;o c ),- 2.1
50 I t0.0 )n ¡1ó ,.t
é@ fl2 ,70 ¡ ó.I
l¡ 15. ln G A1 )) É 4.8 9.,
m r76 170 21., q6
t0.I
90 t96 5t5 ñ & )1
l8 É) I t.9
t@ 2ñ 5?O I 88 29 ?J * ó.9 t2.4
tn ,¡o u 10 ¿ó t8 l o .- \ t6.8
2OO 410 r( ? 22
2fr 5n T
4l n t7.2 27.6
J0@ ffi U 48 ll n.6 tt, I
.@ 8S 65 4J )1 á
,€ 15
w r¡@ tl 77 fr ]4. ¿ tü ,r.a
6@ rr20 X 6' 4l .l 162 65.1
7@ tw 75 48 w t7
e@ l7@ at70 Y 8ó 6r8 89
m rs .7m O¡Á 695 t02
r@ 2m '?fr L tt^
tll
itrn ltm L¿ t72
3¡m I ¡4Cft t\
2v

\ o, ,;rJr'c l:iccositv lin centistok¿s) Fr,r valr¡cs of 70 cenristoler ¡nil rbovc, ur tbc folloriog con-
= . { l ¡ s r l ¡ ¡ t ri ' i x ' r r - i t v , i n c r . n t i D ¡ r i . c s ¡ ICrslOr¡:
Drnsity SSL = csntrs¡olrs x +.635
B v- : i . ¡ \ l r . t r i c S y . l r n t l r n ¡ s c r ¡ l t i s t ¡ r i r e sr n r l c r . n t i p o i s r u ¡ r , .
t , . , 1 . . r - r r !i s r r r r r n l r i r : l l l y{ . l l u J l t u t h r s p r c i ñ c ¡ r a r i t y . T l n . r c . Alxrvr the r¡¡Ér ('f tl¡is t¿ble and within thc rrnge of the ürosi.
- - , " t . , i l , , q i n Fr . ¡ p r r . r ¡ ¡ ¡ r n( . a ¡ rl ¡ . u r ( . ( l w h i c h w i l l l x . s r r f f i c i e ¡ ¡ l l y ¡ ¡ r r . t r . rn, r r ¡ l t i fi r t l : u ¡ r a i t l ru l ¿ r v s h r c b y t h e f u l l u r i n g ¡ p p ¡ o ¡ ¡ m a l a
-L.lr..
a frjf rt|¡rlt (.ül(:ulatirrn!: f ¿ tt , r r s l r ¡ c , ' r r r r ' r t n S S I i :
. . ( r ¡ ¡ r ¡ c \ i * , + i t y t i n c r . n t i s l u k r s)
Viscosimeter
= .1,hs,rlnteViy.o¡ity Iin rl.!.!j!2gi.:f L
S ¡ ¡ ¿ c i ñ cC r a v ¡ ¡ y Ifac \lich¿el 1.92 {rppror.)
It,:mntrr fl 14.6
., E: r h S y s t e m u n i t s ¡ r c u s c r - lt,h c r i e n s i r y m u s l l ¡ e r r s + , l I l e r rr l e r { 1 0 l4ó.
ir¿n rt . rpcciñc gnvity. Sl r¡ncr 13. (rppror.)

Í 7 7|
 IIYDRAULI(J TNSTITUTE

TABLEs6 (a)
VISC0STTY
OF C0lI.\t0N LIQUIDS
VISCOSITY
Liquid 'Sp Gr at fitt l' AIF
ssu Centistok¿s

Frrnn 1 . 3 7t o l . l 9 € , 7 0 t ' .27-.32 70

Gl-vceriuc ( I(Xrt'i) r.26 G| Cn F 2,9,O 618 68.6

El3 t76 t00

Gl¡ml:
Pro¡'¡ lern r.038@ lR l.' 2.r0.6 52 70
Trict lr.r'lerre r.125€) 68 r | 85.7 {0 70
I)iethvler¡e l.l2 It07 32 ?0
Ethylnnc 1 .t 2 5 88.1 t7.8 70

IIydrocLl.'ric Aeitl (:11.57.) r.05 @ 08 F' t.9 68

Mercury ¡3.6 . ¡t g 70
. tI

Phe¡ol (('urlu'lic Aciti ) .05to 1.08 65 Ir.7 6.t

Silictrlc of tvd. i 40 llrtrnri' 305 79 t00

| .l? Rnumó 637.fi 138 r00

Sulfuric Acírl (ltX)%) l.&t t4 . 0 68

FISII ANI) ANIMAL OII,S:

BoncOil .9r8 tm 4?.5 t30
65 rl.G 2t2

Cod Oil .028 r50 3?.1 tm

fx") ¡ 9.{ lg)

L¡rd .96 7E7 62.l ¡00

tfio 3.r.3 t30

l,¡rd ()il Sl2 to.02ir l9l tn 220 1¡ to {7.5 rtr

l12 to l2ft 23.1to 27.1 r30
Menl¡adrlen 0il gi3 tfo ?9.8 .tm
fxl tE.2 t30

Nc¡tsfoot. ()il 9t7 2J0 19.7 ¡00

rto 275 r30

S¡rrm Oil

I
11'l¡llcOil ló.1 to 18{ 3.1 to 39.6
i -(li tr¡ | )2 1 0 . 9t o 2 3 . 4

Aulonrol¡&r ('lnr¡kc:use()il¡ I
( A v c r r r ¡ e t r l i t l e " n l i ¡ p r ¡ tP n r r f f i n l | : r * e ) : i
16.'rto 2{r} 3 5 . {l o 5 1 . 9
90 tñ lr0 18.2to 25.3

s \ l.: :t0 ?.10 lo .lOO lil I to 8{t.6

l.l0 to ltS 2;.3 t 39.0

,{00 to 5S0 ¡i6 6 to t15.5

ItS t<¡ 2t5 3!_¡q to is.l
'Unl6-! others ¡r. lot?d.
"9eptndr .n crrrrr or pa¡ccnt rnd ty¡rc of solvent.

7el
 PIPE FNICTIO¡- MANUAL

TABLE36(b)
'I]SCOSITY OF COilII|IONLIQUIDS
VISCOSITY
'Sp Gr al 60 F AtF
L¡u¡d sgu Cc¡¡ti¡toka

580 lo 95O 1e5.3to 205.E llf¡

EAE{O ".880 to '935 130
155t¡ lit.¡ t¡
t0 15.0 2t0

95{¡t¡ l,6m 205.0to 352 tü)

EAE50 ".880 lo .g¡15
C0to 105 1 5 . 6t c 2 1 . 6 210

"-8¿i0 to .935 1,600lo 2,300 :t52 to 5O7 tm

EAEOO le5 to 125 2r.6 to 262 ¡r0

gAE70 ".88O to .935 2,300!o 3,100 507 to 6fl2 tm

125to 150 26.2t¡ 3r.t 2r0
't.880 to .935 5,000to l0'000 I,100to 2,2ü) 0
gAE low
lf,0{la to 40,e00 2.2mb E,800 0
saE 20w "380 to .935

AutooobücTr¡r¡¡mi¡¡ionLub¡ic¡nt¡: f.880to.935 ¡¡r¡ ll,f00 rnrr 0

l0e.00e
8AE EO
'.88Oto .935 E¡'ioto 1,500 173.2ro 324.7 ¡m
sAE 90 6{.5 t.oIOAJ t30
300 to 50O

95O to 2,300 205.6to 5Oz t30

SAE l{0 ".88o to .9s5
ll0 to 2O0 ?5.1to {2'9 2r0

Over2,3t)0 Owr 5{)7 t30

SAE 2ffi ".88o to .935
Over m Or.er {3.9 2r0

Crudo Oib; 4.28to 169.5 60

. 8 1t o . 9 1 6 {0 to 783
Tcr¡¡, Ollrhon¡ 2,t5 to {5.3 t00
3i1.2to 2lA

to i.?15 l{.1 to 2fiil 00

Wyoming, Mont¡nr .86 ro .88 7l
{6 to 320 6.16 to 60.3 tm

40 ro ,t,8{0 i {.28 to ¡ '063 60

C¡lifo¡nir 78 ro .92
3{ i¡ 700 I z.* t{, 151.5 t(f)
# '.o 6.16to re'z €o
.8 to .85 {6 216 I
Penruylvraia 3'or to tz.z tm
tl ro 86 |

Diael En3ine Lubricaring OiLr fB¡¡cd on

Aven¡c l\'fidcontincnt P¡¡eJño Bl¡c): 35 .t 5I.9
lris tq 2{0
Fcdcnl SPcci6cr¿¡on No. 9ll0
90 iü 120 l 9 3 "t o
o 25.3

ór.5 ro 8{¡.8 i ¡0O

Fcdcr¡l Spcciic¡tion Ho. 9170 l"*,o.n* J O OL o . l l 0
?95ro383 I 130
I ttC tc tEO
.._-
{;r} t,o590 l o l . 3t o l 2 ? . 8 i ,t
Fedcnl Spcci6crt¡ooNo. 9250 l" 8EOto .935 ¡30
I 100 to 255 {3.3 ro 55.1 |
I
tm tc 1,!00 173.2tn 238.1 lm
Frdcnt Spcciicrtion No- 9i170 i'r.880 ro .935
I
.120'.o {30 fi93 to 93.1 ¡30
I
{!¡r !0 nix} 100.1 to 129.9 i r30
Fadcr¡J qo&iic¡tion No. 95m ".880 to .93.i 1 d . 5 4! o ? t . 6 ?ln
1 : ',\ 10:

'Uale¡ otberrisa noi¡d'

"Depcodr ol origio o¡ pcrc¿nt and tvpc of ¡olvcnt'

t79t
 --l
'i

i l l ' l ) R A u t . t ( : I i , is ' | ' t T t - r TE

I'AtlLE 36(c)
vfscosrTY oF' C0llilll0N LIQUIDS
I 'S¡r (lr rf t{f
vlscostTr'
: l'
Centirtolcr
Dic.cl Fr¡rl Oih:
Nn.2D ".N? lo .0i
jl!.li to J.:r.i 2 to0 r00
39 I to 3.07 rm
lio. 3 D l'..82 to .!Li l5.l to 6l 6 to ll.7ñ tm
30 to 18 3.97 to G.78 rg)
l{o. { D to.0i l{0 mr¡ 20.6 r¡¡..rr r00
¡".8'J
I 70 mrr l3.l me¡ r30

!io. 5 D ".S2 to .9i ! {0a mr¡ 86.0 mer lr2

I rr¡J*n, 3.i.? me¡ t00
I
l'r¡tl OiLc: I
lio. I |" 82 |u fl.,'¡ 3.1lo {0 2.39tn .f.28 70
l 3l to 35 2.69 r00
N o .2 i " 8 2 l . 9; 30 lo.i(! 3.0 to 7.1 70
I 33 to l0 2.1I tr¡ 4.2t tm
No. 3 "t2 t¿ Si t5 to as 2.69 to .584 t00
32.8to 39 2.06to 3.97 130

No. 5A ...82 rn .9S 50 to t25 7.1 i¡26.1 t(n

42 Lo72 {.91 to 13.73 t30
No.58 ".t2 10.95 lL1 ta 26.{ to tm
100 86.6 tn,
72 to 3¡0 l3.8il to 6?.f , ¡30

No.0 ".82 to .95 150 to 3.000 97.{ ro 660 l12

175to 780 37.$ to 172 160

F'uclOil - Nrvy Spcciñc¡t¡on ".989 m¡r I lf to 2tJ n b {E.0 tr¿

63 to llí¡ I l.0Eto 13.9 l{ii

Fuel Oil - Nrvy II 0 m¡¡ ¡,5f0 mr¡ 32{.7 m¡¡ It¿

4fi{l mnr l0,l ñrr 100
Go¡olin¡r .68 to .7.1 .{6 to .tt 00
.{0 to .7¡ rq,
I
G¡¡olinr (N¡turd) 76,.5,lc¡nr': ,\PI I .il 88

Gr¡ Oil 2E degrrerr API ?3 r3.0 70

50 7.1 rs
Iruhtin¡ Oii: i
I li ¡nr¡
15 m¡¡

.78to.8:¿ I 3¡t

5*¡rnc lerbricrtin¡ Oil (Avcn¡¡

brylvru Prrñn B¡¡c,:
Fcdcr¡l Sprci6e¡r¡onNo. g to ..¡3.5 I l2 to Ió0 41.{ to 3¡1^1
i...gg0
7C to ta l3.l ro 18.2
'Illh¡ otbcni¡¿ notad.
"Dr¡aó ol or(i.a or p.rcn! ¡od ttp. of ¡olvo!.

iE0t
 PJPE FRICTTO¡i IIIA¡iUAL
t
,
TABLE 36(d)
uscoslTY oF colllMoN LIQUIDS
vrscoslTt
'Sp Gr at,60 F AIF
IJquid
ssu Ceati¡totes

¡60 to 235 3{.3 to 5O.8 tm

Fedcr¡l Spcciñc¡lionNo. l0 ".880 to .fl¡15
90 to 120 18.2to 25.3 130
235 to 3E5 50.8to 83.{ ¡(X¡
Fcdcrrl Spcci5erüoa No. 20 ".880 t,o .&35 ¡30
t20 t¡ lE5 25.3to 39.9

Fcdcral llpccifcetioo No. 3O

'r.880 to .S35 385 t¿ 55O ti¡1.{to ll0 ¡m
tS5 to 255 39.9ro 55,¡ r3{t

I\ti¡ct¡l I¡¡d Cutti¡g Oil:

F¿der¡l gPeciñcrüonGr¡dc I t{0 b t'o 29.8 to {l lm
86ro 110 1722 lo tl t30

190to 120 ll to 17.é t@

Fcdcrd SpccificctiooGnd¡ 2
1 1 0t o 1 2 5 23 to 26.{ t30

¡ t{) 20.6 130

Pctrolrtuo

Turbioc Lubricetiag Oil:

.91 Avera¡e {0Oto {'t0 86.0 to 9ó.2
Fcderd SPrci6c¡tioo
(Penn B¡¡c) It5 to 105 39.9to l{.3

VECETABLEOII^3:
C¡¡fo¡Oil .96@B8F l,2S to 1,5O0 259.8to 3%.7 tm
{50 to 600 9?.{ to ¡29.S r30

r,t25 69
Cbin¡ lVood Oil
580 rü)
l{0 t¿ ttt 29.8 to 3l 'E lm
Coco¡nut Oil
70 t¡ 80 l{.69 to 15.? t30

,1 135 ¡E)
Cor¡ Oil
{r it 5{ 2'2

.8Eto .925 t76 tm

Cotton Socd Oil
t00 rgt

.925 to .930 t€ 30.5 l(xt

Li¡¡¿=d Oil, R¡r
93 lE.9t rl)

.912to .9tB {32 l(n

orivcQil
^(,,,, 2{.I t30

lm
P¡lo Oil
ltt

195 lüt
Prraut Oil
lno n ll2 rE)

.eleirtlt.t tm
R¡po 8o¡d Oil
¡gl
li.slt'
Roun Oü

' l-'n¡a otL,c¡rrr oor¿d.

"Dep¡od¡ oD urrlf. or p.r6o! ead typr ol ¡olvcot.

t8¡1
 IIYDRAULIC TNSTITUTts

TABLE36(e)
uscoslTY oF COilIiIIONLIQUIDS
a VISCO'SITY
Uquid
r.sp Gr at 6O I' AtF
ssu C¡¡li¡tolc¡

1 . 0 9A v g . 5m to 20,000 t08.2to {,{00 2m

F.ain (Woo'd) 2t6.{to I l,úO ¡s
1.0@to 50,0O0

.g2it lE4 39.6 lm

8ce¡oc Oil lt0 n t30

.927io .98 te5 35.{ rm

Soj¡ Bc¡n Oil t9.6{ t30
96

.86 to .87 33 2.tI 60

Turpcntloc 2.0 tm
32.6

SUCAB,BYSUPS,MOLASSEI'ETC. lm
CornSYruPe l.{ to l.{7 5,00oto 5ÚÚ'000 l,lSO l!0'g)
l,5m b 60,m0 321.7"¡r
to ¡3,m 130

1 . 3 5t o l . { { 35,m0to t00,mo ?,700to 22,üX) ¡m

Glueo¡re t50
1,000co lt'000 E80to 2'120

340 73.6 ¡00

Honey (R¡rr)

I.{0 to l.{8 t,300to 23,000 281.1to 5,070 ¡m

Mol¡¡cc¡ "4"
700to 8,0m l5¡.5 to l'?t0 130
(FiIrl)
' t,{10 to 13,2ü} t00
Mol¡¡s¿s "8" 1 . 4 3t o 1 . 4 8 6,{00 to 60'000
(S¿coad) 3.000to ¡5,000 060¿o 9,300 130

t7,m b 25O,0m 2,630to 5,5(() t00

Mol¡-.tc¡ "C" 1 . , 1 6t o l . { 9
6,000to ?5,000 ¡,320 t¡ 16,5,(f) r30
(Blackrtrep or 6n¡l)

Eucrac Eolutio¡¡ (8u3a¡Syruf): {9,? 70

6{l Brir t.2s 2N
92 r8.7 tü)

1.30 3r0 07.1 .m

62 B¡i¡ ?'3.2 tq¡
il1

{{0 95J 70
6l Bri¡ l.¡ |
t{8 31.0 lm

l,326 850 I {0.7 to

60 Brir lm
195 12.0

¡,m ¡r6.{ ?0
6t Brü 1.33E
n6 5e.s 100

r.35 r,650 304 70

?0 Bri¡ E6-6 to
1m
m
12 B¡ru I r.:e 2,t'ú 6gt
r3t.0 ¡m
I 6{0

,¡to I 5,500 t,210 t0

7{ Brir |
I t,¡m 238 lüt
:
i i.39
I
!0.m) 2.2ü) ?0
76 B¡ú l(xt
2.ffi) {{}

'IJalc¡ orbrrr¡c ¡ot¿d.

t82l
 PIPE FRICTTON MANUAL

TABLE 36 (f)
VISCOSTTY
OF COrlrlIONLIQUIDS

VIIICOSITY
'Sp Gr ¡t 0OF

T¡r€otc Ovc¡ 3r0a0to t,00C 600 to t,700 7r

050 to l,,l{X) 1.i0.7to ffi lm
Tr¡.G¡¡ Hor¡¡c ¡5,000to ¡¡0Cr00C 3,f;n to 00,0m ?0
2,000to U¡,m l{0 to {,lq¡ ¡m
R^cd T¡¡:
2COto 3fO 4il¿ to 0{.9 tz,
65to 6o a.n |¡rc.g, 2t2

t of,+ t00 tó ?00 80.0 ro t54 lrz

65 to ?5 11.63to l{.28 21,
I
Grad¿RT4 |I 1.00+ 1,000to 2,f0C 216.t ¿ol{, lx7
t
&5 ¿o 125 16.8¡¡¿o 28, 2t2

GradcRT{ 3.t00 to t fOf G0O to ¡,760 t22

l5O to t?,5 Al.8 to a83 2t2

G¡r.deRT-10 l{+ 20,000üo6f'000 a,4O0 to ll.zm lz2

250 üo {ü) ó3.7to EE.0 2t2

Gr¡dc RT-12
i r.rs+ I l{,00O to 156¡m
500 to tfO
25,0m to 76$0
163 to 173.¡
Itl
2r2

Pilc T¡¡ tú
r&¡
}IISCELLANEOUS
3orn Slr::h Solulcm:
tl B¡uDé 70
¡m
24 l¡¡,r{ 70
t{x¡
25B¡uuré 70
¡m
I¡L-Print¿o Lm to l.3tl I 2,5{X}to 10,000 to zrm
55O rqt
23t.1 to 0@ rg'

T¡lbr | ¡t¡ ,q,"g. 2t2

UílL l, , 1., l.(E to 1.05 ¡ .r 3 0t

Vrrü¡h - Sp.t rr25 6E

650 ¡m
I
W¡t¿r - Prrrh iI t . 0 . ¡.13 flt
I .55 130
-Jnlcr othcrra ¡¡ot¿d.

fEsl
? GA D (¡Y) '6.1
(|rlr.loe ñrlrn-) HYDRAULT C INST¡TUTE

t84I
 PTPE FNICTTON i l A ¡ t { uA L

SECTIoN 9 f'-

TABLE 37
S FROIÍ
TF,I}TPNRATTIRE 40 TO ?o5.4 F
PNOPMTIES OF ITATER AT VARIOUS
,^'.)
"l
t,. sPEqlrtcGRAvlrY ¿
?OF R't in Vrpor heerur
Volume 39.2F óoF Pd AL¡.
Spcciñc
- Rcfc¡encc Rcfc¡encc l.LrlCrtft
Tcmp. C Cu Ft/Lb Rclerencc -"""
Tcrp F
1.001 1,002 ó2.42
4.4 .01602 l.o.{ 62.i]8 0.l7El
$ .9q{) t.001 1.002
.01ó03 ó?.3$ 0.25ó3
so 10.0
.0Ió04 .E'') l,m0 1.00I
62.27 mó3r
ó 15.ó .9: i .999 1.000
2l.l .01606 .w 6&19 0.50ó9
?0 .01608 ,9' i .998
8f) 26.7
.ur1 62.1I 0.ós2
.99ó
90 32.2 .01610 .994 .99s ó¿.00- _ _-0,9492
37.8 .01613 94! ól 73 l.6v¿
100 ñt <m .990 2.889
120 4S.o .9&5 .98ó ól 39
.01ó29 6l.01 'l 7tl
l{0 fi.0 .rt7f)
Tl'. .^rí1ñ
.9'13 60;57 ?.510
.9i2 I I .52ó
82.2 .01651 .ghf, ú0.13
180 .01óó3 .9il l{.69ó
2S 93.3 .tJ, .96{l 59.81
ttt 100.0 .01ó?2 .9S? 59.ó3 l?.I 8ó
.016;7 .95ó 21.97
220 l0d.+ .9r8 .9 19 59.10
I15.6 .01692
2fi 35.€
.939 .9.10 58.s1
12r.7 .01709 .93{) s8.00 {9.20
2$ .929 6?.01
l3?.8 .01??6 .920 5?.31
.919 Ee.óó
3J0 1.18.9 .0ii+5
.909 .9io 5ó-óó
ló0.0 .01?ó5
3?0 ll&01
.898 .899 55.%
$0
t?l I .0I:8? .88? 55.22 153-04
rct t .0l8li .88ó 195.77
3{O .87{ .875 5{.{?
&30 193.3 .01&ló .8{rz 53.65 2r7.31
.0185r .8óO
400 20,1.'t
.818 s2-80 3S¡3
.8-t? 38159
4:0 2\5.6 .018'*{
.833 .83¡ sl.c2
226.7 .019¿ó 51.02 afi?
+{0 .01f)ó
. 8l 8 .819
5éó.1
.1{{ 23i.8 .802 50.00
.rB0 248.9 .0200
49.02 6ú,r
.0204 .?8ó 8l¿r
500 260.0 .76ó 4?.85
520 2 ? 1I . .0209 4ó.51 9ó¿5
5¡0 ?f.2.2 .0215 45.3 llIIl
560 293.3 .0221
$.9 1323¡
.70.t t5*49
580 304.4 .0228 {2,3
.023ó .679 t:só
ú10 31 5 . ó .ó50 405
620 326.7 .02$? 3r.5 2fi9 ?
.ói8
ó10 33?.8 .02óO
3ó0 23ú6.*
.5?7 .571 f;I!¡
óó{¡ 348.9 .0278 .5?ó UJ
'10 3óO.0 .0305 trt 30cL;
.*.t.1 .435
l,É 3 ?l . l .03ó9 .319 19.9 @:
.0913 . 3 :l
:'J5.4 3?4.I

Ste¡m T¡blc'
iom¡rrcd fron Kccn¡n & Kcyc'

6'
vrriour tcopcrr¡ut¿t rce Fi¡' 33 94c
For vircrity ol r¡tcr rnd orbcr liquiü rr

r851

ll
PAGEE (TY).6.2
(oanoo lq fat"'nr..) y
H D RA uLt c I Ns rIT ur E

t8ól
 PIPE FRICTION MANUAL

SECTION IO
t

TABLE 3B-CAST IRON PIPE DII}IENSIONS

.. j '
r\
clrtss A ,.1 cl,.\^q^s[; cf,A¡s c
100Foot H¿rd W 20 Foot He¡d cLts{¡ D
13 Pound¡Prcr¡uro 300 Foot Head 'lü) Foo¡ Hc¡d
Ed Pouadshes¡urc 130 Pou¡d¡ he¡¡r¡ra
Nor¡lo¡l 173 Pounds ha¡r¡¡c
Di¡octc¡ Inride
Dir-
Out¡idc wdl Inside
Dir. Thjck- Di¡-
Eetcr n.Lcf ¡6E Det¿r
Inchcr
Iochc¡ Inchc¡
3 3.80 0.39 3.02 3.96 4.42 3 .1 2
1 4.80 0.42 3.96 0 .{ 5 3.06 3.90 0. {E 3.00
3.96 5.00 0.15 t. l0 5.00 0.48 {.0{
6 6.90 0.{4 6.02 7.l0 5 . 0 0 ' 0 .5 2 3.96
0.48 6.l{ ?.10 o.5l 6.08 ?.10 0.55 6.m
E 9.05 0.46 8 .r 3 9.05 0 .51 8.03
t0 lt. t0 0.so I 0 .t 0 0.30 0.56 8.18 9.30 0.60 t. t0
Il.l0 { ) . 5 7 0.96 l r . { o 0.62 1 0 .t 6
It t3.20 0.fi 12.12 ¡3.20 ú62 il.40 0.68 10.04
t{ Ir.f¡6 13.50 0.68 1 2 . 1 4 1 3. 5 0 0.75 12.m
15.30 0.s7 t{. l6 r5.30 {: t'(¡ 1 3 . 9 8 r 5 .6 5 0.74 ¡{.l7 15.65 0.82 14.01
¡ 7 .{ 0 0.60 16.20 t7.{0 t7n r 6 . 0 0 t7.8{)
rc.3c f.rl l :-.1: 0.80 10.20 17.80 0.89 t6.(}2
!?.:1 l9 ^4 l: t: 037 ! 3 .t t r( } . 0 ? {1.91 1390
21.60 0.67 n.26 2r.60 20.00 22.ú
25.80 0 .7 6 2t.28 25.80
o.v2 m . 2 2 22.C,6 l.03 20.00
24.O2 26.32 1.0{ u . n 26.32 t. t6 24.m
30 3r.74 0.88 ?9. 9t 32.m r.J 29 9.{ 3 ! . 4 0
36 37.90 0.9s 35.98
1. 2 0 30.00 32,74 I .37 30.00
38.30 :5 3 6 . 0 0 3 8 .7 0 l .36 39.98 3 9 ,l 6
14.20 ¡ .r 0 {: 00 .t{. 5{) { 1 9 1 {5.I0 r.5E 36.00
43 50.50 t .2d {?. 98
I .5{ 42.42 4 5. 5 8 t .78 r2.02
50.80 4; 96 5 l . a 0 I .71 47.98 5r.98 ¡.tñ {8.06
51 5E.66 I .35 53.96 5 7 .l 0 54.00 57.80
60 82.80 ¡ .39
l)
r.90 5{ .00 58.{0 2.23 53.0{
60.02 &¡.{0 60.06 6 { . m 2.00 60.20 6 4 . 8 2
1' 75.3.1 l-62 7 2 .l 0 76.00 72.10 76.EE 2 . 3 8 60.06
s.r E7.5{ t .72 2.39 72.10
8.{.r0 88.5{ 8.1. ¡0

T A B L E 3 8 ( C o n r i n r ¡ e d ) - r..1.STIRON PIPE DIMENSIONS

CLAS8 E c. *s.3F CLASS G

500 Foot Head 600 5*.;, i-le¡d CLASSH
217Pou¡dsPresurc 700 Foot He¿d 600 Foot Hc¿d
260 Por::¡¡¡¡,.
P¡essr.¡¡e 3O{ Pou¡d¡ P¡essu¡c
Noroi¡d 3{7 PoundsPrer¡u¡¿
Di¡met¡¡ Outi¡dc well I In¡idc Our¡¡del .¡l
Di¡- ll*i¿e W¡ll fnsidc
Thic&- | Dr¡- lJ¡¡- j "t ciri-
Dctcr ne€t f rDetcf
| l)r¡- Th¡ck- Dir-
oetcrl nl.r lmeter ¡ets E¿TAT
Inche.'l lnches J:r* x
I Inchcs
o 7.n 0s8 I 0oo 7n ;;;-l 6 0o 7.38 0.65
8 9 .{ 2 0 ri6 | E.t0 6.08 7 3{¡ 6.m
912 0.?i l8.nO 9.60 0. 75 8 .¡ 0
IO ¡r.60 4.74 { t0.12 ¡i 't0 G.*r ll0.0O ll.8{
960 8.m
It
13.78 0.E2 | t2 14 0.86 10.12 il.8{ l0.m
¡3.;8 i-, ¡,J | 12.00 14.08 097 12t4 r{.08 r2.00
:{ r5.gf, 0.m l5s ct0 l{.00 r8.32
:6 1 8 .r 6 0.s8 ¡ 8 .t 6 r03 16.00 r E.5.l
I .07 t{.:8 16.32 t. t6 r{.m
.3 20.u i.07 I.l8 16.18 1 8 5. { t.27 ¡0.00
20 l{ 1r, r8.00 2A,78 I .28 tEn ?0.7E
22.:A i. ¡5 ?2.54 \ ..t 1.39 It.00
20.00 23.02 I .39 20 21 :3.@ I5¡ 20.00
:{ 26.90 l .31 ?6 90 1.45 24.00 2 7. 7 6 I t<
n &¡.10 t.5.t 21.26 r.88 24.m
3:i. {6 ! .:3 30.00
t J9.60 r80 {0 04 9 ¡.', 36.00

:{:{¿-c.?rp!¡on
of ea¡rironprpcsp*c¡ficat¡'ir¡
¡",r.ri*_.,i"¡r"1.],",1,,,Ir'i,'ii,;:ii,;;liil;;iiji'é.13i
i,j,_,il;,i)jfr¡.,i:Jñj}il:
l:r 'r T w A' 8t¡riüld Specr6catioru, Section3 Et¡trs: "Por pipcs wboaeat¡nosrd thrcknes! i¡ lessthan incb, .-b€
t'tur '¡:!c rody cf thc p¡pc *ir¡ll :¡ot be oorc'h¡¡ 0-08 t¡ ¡n ¡nch ¡ thickoes¡ol
le". ¡han ihe ¡trnd¿¡d thicl¡ncss,¡nd fo¡ pip€s who.¿ atond¡¡d
:-r:¡:rr ¡ i r¡c¡ a. rDorF.:hG :tr¡la'"toorirail ¡ot e¡ceNi 0.10 cf
¡n ¡neh, ercet)r !ba! for spacesnot erceedingg incbr in lenglh
t -! :n¡ü¡on' tr¡l¡!¡oo¡ l¡orDth¡ ¡t¡¡ciard thtcknessof 0.02
of an Inch ¡n ereessof the ¡llowancc ai.rovegrvensh¡ll lx p€rmrtted.,,

t871
 HYDRA ULIC INSTITUTE

t..'

TABIE 39 (a)
j

DII}IENSIONSOF WtrtDED AND SEATILESSSTEEL PTPE

'\ :'
¡fc¡!¡l Outridc IVrll Internrl I nte¡nel Intern¡I Iaternrl ,lD
Di¡¡cta Di¡mete¡ Thiclnei¡ Di¡meter Are¡ Di¡meter Arcr :0.ü015h
Schedule
Irclcr Inche¡ Inche¡ lncher SquereIncher Fect Squrrr fecr
\( .t0(s) 0.t05 0.068 0¿69 0.0568 0.022{ 0.00039 0.00669
80(x) 0.095 0.216 0.0363 0.0179 0,00(125 O,OOE¡¡7
x .o(s) 0.6c0 0.088 0.364 0.1041 0.0303 0.00ct2 0.00{96
80(x) 0.1l9 0.302 0.0?16 0.0262 0.000ü0 0.00ó96
Yr ro(s) 0.676 0.091
- 0.126
0.193 0.1909 0.041r 0.001&t 0.00366
80(x) 0.{23 0.1406 0.0363 0.00096 0.00426
7t {o(s) 0.840 0.109 0.622 0.3039 0.0518 0.002u 0.00289
80(x) 0 . t{ ? 0.6.16 0.2311 0.0456 0.00163 0.00330
160 0.18? 0.{66 0.1?06 0.0388 0.001rE 0.00386
(xx) 0.294 0.252 0.0{99 0.0210 0.00036 0.0{n1¿
Yt l0 (s) r.050 0.113 0.821 0.6333 0.068? 0.003?0 0.002r8
8 0{ x ) 0 .t ó 4 0,112 0.{32,{ 0.0618 0.00300 0.002t3
lbu U.¿TJ U.Cta v.¿J 44 ú.üti 0 0.u02ü.¡ 0.ü0233
(xx) 0.308 0.{34 0.1{79 0.0362 0.00103 0.00{16
1 4 0( s ) 1.315 0.133 1.019 0.86{3 0.08?{ 0.00600 0.001?2
8 0( x ) 0 . 1? 9 0 . 95 ? 0.7r93 0.0?98 0.00500 .0.00188
160 0.250 0.815 0.52r7 0.06?9 0.00362 0.00221
(xx) 0.3i4 0.599 0.2818 0.0499 0.00r96 0.0q!01
ly. ,0(s) 1.660 0.i{0 1.380 1.{96 0 . 115 0 0.01039 0.00130
8 0( x ) 0.191 L2?E 1.283 0.1065 0.00E90 0.001{1
160 0.250 t.160 1.057 0.0967 0.00?3{ 0.00r55
(xx) 0.382 0.E96 0.6305 0.0?{? 0.00438 0.00201
t)t 4 0( s ) 1.900 0.1{5 1.610 2.036 0.r312 0.01{14 0.00112
80{x) 0.200 I.500 1.?6? 0.1250 o.alzz'l 0.00t20
160 0.281 l.338 1.{06 0 . 1 15 0.009?€ 0.00136
(xx) 0.400 1.100 0.9503 0.091? 0.00660 0.0016{
2 { 0( s ) 2.375 0 . 15 4 2.061 3.356 0.l?23 0.02330 0.000r?
8 0( x ) 0.218 1.939 2.953 0.16r6 0.02061 0.00003
160 0.3{¿ 1.68? 2.236 0.1{06 0.01662 0.0010?
(xx) 0.{36 1.603 t.771 0.1253 0.01232 0.,J0120
2th r0(s) 2.8?6 0.203 2.169 1.788 0.2058 0.03325 0.000?29
8 0( x ) 0.2?6 2.323 4.238 0.1936 0.029€ 0.000??6
.r60 0.3?é 2.125 3.617 0.17?1 0.02¿63 0.0008{?
(xx) 0.5i2 l.??1 2.164 0 .l { ? 6 0 . 0 r ? tl 0.00102
3 4 0{ s ) t.500 0 . 3l 6 3.068 ?.393 0.2557 0.0513{ 0.00068?
80(x) 0.300 2.900 5.605 4.2117 0.0458? 0.000621
160 0.{38 2.621 6.{08 0.218? 0.03?55 0.000685
(xx) 0.600 2.300 4.156 0 . 1 917 0.02t85 0.000?&t
3\5 r0(s) {.000 0.236 3.648 9.88? 0.29,!t7 | 0.06866 0.00060?
8 0( x ) 0.318 3.364 8,88E o 2F03 | 0.fr6l?2 0.000636
{ {0(s) r.500 0.231 1.026 t2.'¡3 0.3Ji¡i' 0.08811 0.(Xx',ta?
80 (.1) 0.33? 3.826 11,50 0 . :t 8 x 0.0?98{ 0.0004?0
i20 0.{38 3.624 t0.32 o.:ltr20 0.0?163 0.000{96
160 0.531 3.{3E 9.283 {t.J865 0.06{{? 0.000624
(xx) 0.6?4 3.¡ó2 ?.803 0.3627 0.06{19 0.0005?l
S ='.|¡lt :lr¡cln¡¡r lomc¡ly dr¡itürt€d. "rtrn<i¡rd r¡rbt."
\ = Wrll'-.\¡clnn¡ formc¡lt rler¡nrtcd. ".t(r1 ¡lroñt.'
(X = W¡ll'!¡(l¡rtr fomcriy 4cli¡nrtcd, "doublt ertr¡ rtrona,''
Y* gr?r¡(i"d lron Ancric¡n St¡nd¡rd Wrou¡irt Stcc¡ ¡nd Wrqurht lron Pia. f AS^ 816 I0-1959). ritü thr pcrniuion o{ üc poblirlcr. ?bc
.\qi:.rt S<rqly rf t{rh¡nrcrl Enrroctrr. tas }:¡rt (;th Strct, Ner Yo¡|. N. Y.
:\,4<¡ql r¡ll thiclne¡¡c¡ lor ?"lrlad rrrught rrm prpa a¡t vrrt tl¡tbrlt ircm lhort rhqrrt rr\ thc T¡l¡lc¡. For e coopktc li¡tinl ol dl
r*l¡¡o, retcr to ASA AJó,¡G1959.

tSEl
 I
PTPE FRTCTION I}fANUAL

!'

TABLE 3e (b)
DIMENSIONSOF WELDED AND SEAITILESSSTEEL PIPE (Continuerl)

Noni¡¡l Out¡ida V¡ll Iatcr¡¡l Internrl l¡tcr¡¡l I¡t:m¡l r/D

Di¡nc¡cr Di¡¡reter Thick¡c¡¡ Dir¡lctcr Aree Di¡octe¡ Arc¡ r:0.00015lt
Scbedulo
Inche¡ lnchc¡ lncbcr Iachc¡ Sguare Incher Fcet Sguerc Fcet

ó {0 (s} 6.663 0.268 6.047 10.01 0.{205 0.r389 0.00086?

80(x) 0.3?6 ¡.81S 18.19 0.{011 0.1263 0.0003?l
t20 0.600 4.663 16.35 0.380:¡ 0.1130 0.00039{
t80 0.626 {.813 14.61 0.359{ 0.1016 0.00041?
(xx) 0.?60 {.063 t2.97 0.3386 0.0900{ 0.000{t3

6 a0 (s) 6.626 0,2¡0 6.066 28.E9 0.6064 0.2006 0.000293

80(x) 0.132 5.761 26.47 0.{801 0.1810 0.0003r2
t20 0.662 6.601 23.77 0.16E{ 0.1659 0.00032?
160 0.?19 6.18? 21.r3 0.{3:13 0.r467 0.0003r?
(xx¡ 0.86{ {.897 18.83 0.4081 0.1308 0.000368
8 20 t.6?5 0¿ó0 9 rtF, 6r.E6 0.6??1 0.3601 0.000r,¿P
80 0.211 8.0?1 61.16 0.6?26 0.36ó3 0.000223
4 0 (s) 0 322 ?.9s1 60.03 0.6661 0.sr11 0.000226
60 0.{06 7. ó¡ , J { ¡.9{ 0.6o1I 0.33¿9 0.0002Ju
8 0 (x) 0.500 1.62i {5.66 0.636{ 031?r 0.000286
100 0.69{ ?.{3? 43.{{ 0.6198 0.30r? 0.0002{2
120 0.?19 ?.rs7 {0.6? 0.6989 0¿E17 0.000260
140 0J12 38.60 0.5E3{ 0.2679 0.00026?
(xx) 0.t?5 6 . 8 ?5 s?.12 0.6?29 o.2t1t 0.000252
r6.0 0.906 6.8i3 36.{6 0.66?8 0.2632 0.000264

10 20 10.?5 0-250 10.250 82.62 0.8641? 0.6?10 0.0001?6

30 0.307 10.136 80.69 0.8446? 0,6604 0.000l?t
{0 (s) 0J66 10.020 ?8.85 0.83500 0.64?6 0.000r80
60 (x) 0-500 9.750 ?1.66 0.8125 0.6185 0.000186
EO 0.59f 9.562 ?r.E1 0.?968 0.{9E? 0.000rt8
100 0.?19 9.312 6E.r1 0.??60 0.{?30 0.000r93
120 0.3{{ 9.062 64.60 0.?652 0.44?S 0.000199
140(XX) 1.000 8.?50 60.13 0.7292 0.4176 0.000206
160 t.125 8.500 66.?6 0.?083 0.39{1 0.0002r2
10 20 t2.16 0.250 t2.250 117.86 1.0208 0.8186 0.0001{?
30 0.330 12.090 l ld.80 1.00?5 0.1912 0.0001{9
(s) 0.3?6 r2.000 I ¡3.10 r.0000 0.?86{ 0.000160
{0 0.406 11.938 1 t1 . 9 3 0.99.83 0.771? 0.000151
(x) 0.500 1¡.?60 108.¿3 0.9?91? 0.7530 0.000168
60 0.662 I 1.6?6 106.16 0,96883 0.73i2 0.000r56
80 0.68t 11.37{ 1 01 . 6I 0.9{?83 0.?056 0.000r68
100 0.E{{ 11.062 96.1I 0.92r8it 0.66?{ 0.000t63
120 (rr) 1.000 10.?50 90.76 0.89583 0.6309 0.000r67
¡{0 1.125 10.500 86.69- 0.8?600 0.60r3 0.0001?1
160 1.312 10.126 80.63 0.84383 05692 0.0001?8
r{ oD 10 r¿.00 0.350 r3.500 l{3.1{ 1.1250 0.99{0 0.00013¡l
20 0.3r2 13.3?6 l¿0.t2 1 . 1l { ? 0.9?58 0.0001s5
30 (s) 0.3?5 r 3.250 l3?.89 1.1042 0.96?6 0.000r3{i
40 0.{38 r3.124 136.28 1.093? 0.9391 0.00013?
(x) 0.500 13.000 t32.61 1.0833 0.9213 0.000138
60 0.59a 12.E12 128.92 1.067? 0.89ó3 0.0001¿0
80 0,750 12.500 1tr 1t l.0rl? 0.8522 0.0fl1r{{
¡00 0.93t 12.124 1i 6 . { 6 r.010{ 0.801? 0.000t.t
120 1.094 I l.El2 109.68 0.98{33 0.?610 0.000r52
110 t.260 r 1.600 103.87 0.96833 0.?213 0.00016?
ld0 l.{06 lt.¡8t 9E.31 0.93233 0.682? 0.000161
5 = rl'd r¡rlsr fo¡rurlt &¡rfut.d. "¡t¡¡d¡rd rtr¡ht.-
t = tY¡¡l .ñÉ¡ralt lornctlt 46rfñat"d. "a¡tr¡ slroñf.'
i ! = ¡.¡l ::rcLaa¡a lsrmc¡ry '&ublc
ül¡¡rr¡t<rl, !¡tr¡ ¡aru¡rl.''

't t¡!ñ.{ t106 ^d.¡¡(ró Si¡n,t¡rd W'r¡rr¡ht Ste¡l ¡nd Wnu¡irt l:,rrr I'rp<, IASA B l ó 1 0 ' ¡ 9 5 9 ) ,q i r h r h c p c r n i r i o o o l r i c ¡ r b l r h c r . T l c
\rrf ¡ñ Si¡ r<t' ,,i M¿(n¡ur( ¡l intr¡rctrt. ll5 EI¡t l':th llrest. r..c*, Y,¡, i. N. Y.
lx *¡l v¡¡l :\rclnr¡¡c¡ lo¡ scldrd rruuthl Iror, tti{ ¡r¡i rrr¡ r ,¡htl¡ I ronr tho¡c ¡hqrn rq tb< T¡blcr. For ¡ csglata ürtin¡ ol rll
Í!(aD6. cttr t¿,{SA gló.¡S,¡959.

t 8el
 IIYDNAULIC INgTITUTE

TABLE 39 (c)

DIilIENSIONSOf WELDTJDAND SEAII{LESSSTEEL PIPE (Continued)

wdl Intcrnd IDrcrtrd In¡crnrl lntc¡¡d r/D

Noolnrl Oot¡ide
Thick¡e¡¡ Di¡¡¡eter A¡¿r Dir¡ietcr Arcr r-Oüll5 ft
Di¡¡¡crer Dirmetc¡
Schedulc Squ¡¡eFca
Ioches l¡che¡ Incher Sqorre Incher Fcet
I¡chc¡
16.00 0.260 16.600 188.69 1.29r? 1.310{ 0.0001r8
16 0D l0 1¿89ó 0.00011?
20 0.312 16.376 185.69 1.2813
0.3?6 r6.250 182.66 1.2?08 1.268{ 0.000¡18
30 (s) 12212 0,000120
1 0( x ) 0.600 16,000 t?6.72 1.2600
0.656 14.688 169.44 L22,o r.1?67 0.000121
60 1.11?2 0.000126
EO 0.8{4 l{.312 160.88 t.19S?
1.031 13.938 162.68 1.r61ó 1.0690 0.000129
100 1.1302 1.0032 0.m0lc3
120 r.219 13.662 11{-46
l.{38 13.12¿ t36.26 r.093? 0.939{ 0.m014?
140 1.06?? 0.89ó3 0.0001{0
150 1.694 r2.8r::2_ 128.92
18.00 0.260 17500 210.ó3 1..68J 1.ó?uJ 0,ur,iU¡ü3
18 0D 10 r.{{80 1.6467 0,00010{
2A 0312 1?.376 231.13
(s) 0.3?5 li.2'o0 233.71 1.{376 1.6230 0.00010{
0.a38 t1.t?l 230.00 1.{2?0 1.6993 0.000106
30 l,{16? 1.5?62 0.000106
(x) 0.500 1?.000
16.8Í6
n6.98
223.6E l.{0€3 1.6638 0.0001w
{0 0.56'2 0.000109
0.?í0 16.5C0 213.83 l3?50 1.¡t{9
60 1.3{37 1.{180 0.000112
80 0-938 15.13{ 20{.1,9
l.156 15.688 193.30 r.30?3 1.3{23 0.000116
100 1¿?08 1.2584 0.000r1t
tzo 1.3?5 15¿50 r3¿65
1.S2 l{.8?6 1?3.tr 1.2397 1.?0?0 0.000121
140 16:!.72 t,2032 r.1370 0.000r2{
160 1.781 l{.{38
0.250 19.600 298.56 1.6260 2.0?39 0.0000e?3
200D 10 20.00 2.021r 0.0000835
20(s) 0.3?5 19250 291.0,1 1.60{2
283.63 1.6833 1.9689 0.00009{?
s0(x) 0.5c0 19.000
18.812 2i1.96 1.66?? 1.9E02 0.000095?
,{0 0.594
0.812 r8.3?6 265.2t 1.5313 1.8117 0.0000980
60 r.{9{8 1.?660 0.000100
80 1.031 1?.938 262.72
1.2EI 17.438 238.83 1.t532 L6686 0.000103
100 226.98 1.{16? 1.6',¡62 0.000106
t20 r.50c 1?.000
1.?50 16.500 213.83 1.3?50 1.lt{9 0.000109
140 2A2.62 13385 1.{0?r 0.000112
160 1.969 16.062
0^950 23.500 433.71 r368:t 3.0121 0.0000?66
2. OD 10 24.00 ¿9r8¡t 0.0@0??{
23.250 12a.66 1.93?ó
20(s) 0.376
1.9167 2.8862 0.0(rcc?8¡¡
(x) 0.600 23.000
22318
4rt.48
{11.01 1.9063 2Al¿2 0.0@o?E?
30 0.562 0.0000?9{¡
0.688 22.624 {02.00 1.8863 2.1917
10 1.83E5 2.654? 0.000081r
*0 0.969 22.062 #2.28
1.219 2L.162 366.16 1.?8q2 2-6368 0.00008¡16
80 3{a.32 ¡.?aa8 2-30ll 0.0000E6?
100 1 . 53 1 20.938 0.0000t?8
1.812 20.3?6 326.92 1.6980 L%16
1S0 310.28 1.6663 2-LÚ{7 0.0000900
140 2.062 19.8?6 0.000092t
2.341 19.312 292.92 1.6083 2.03.¡¿
160
671.78 2.{{80 l.?06? 0.0000613
t0 0D r0 3{t.00 0.3i2 29.376
{.6640 0.00006r6
(s) 0.3';6 z9.rá0 6?1.62 2-tt16
66052 2-1t67 .i.t€10 0,(000621
8o(x) 0.600
0.625
29.000
28.?60 6a9.18 2J968 {.6082 0.0000626
30

j = b'¡.E ,b¡ct¡o forntrly 'lt¡rlnrtcd, "r¡.nd¡td-tti¡.ht"'

(oñctlf 'l6t3n¡l"d' "c¡trl. tlffi8'
i = f..'l :!t.iÉN
xi : i'ü ;;i;;; fam¡li' Ii,i"¡r.¿' "doubk '¡ir¿ rrro¡''"
tb. pcnirio¡ of tbr ¡¡bli¡tc¡. Tüt
P r r ' ( A S A D J ó ' ¡ S 1 9 5 9 ) ' riü
fc !n-¡:-tC lrm,\rurr<¡n S t r ñ d ¡ r á r ' t ' @ ( h t ! t c . l r a d V f ¡ r u r l t t r oy¡ t * Yort !{' Y
aÉi S<ccIt al ¡it t¡'t ';rh iitttt iirti¡¡ ol ¡ll
¡ b s t t r l a ú¿ Trblcr. For r tlrplrtr
.Ed - r ¡ l r h E k"ñ*?i "¡lF' tri ' É rt t l t ** 'l -d"r d t r r o f b t : r d n ptpe aly rrr' ¡ir¡t'ry f¡on tlc
L
l,.o it.t 'o '{SA E¡ó¡G:tt9

t90t
 PIPE FRICTION MANUAL

TABLE 40
AREASOF CIITCLES

-ixluHrt-J--[
I:{TERNAL ¡ytsnNÁ,L INTURNAL
ANSA DIA}IETER AREA I
. Feet -* sqú; r*-l
0.(X91 0.0?08 c¡m¡lr I
0.¡g 0.fi17 0.001364 |
0.a{r8 0.0625 0.003üi8 f

¡(it 0.7E1 0.08¡x¡ 0.00sf;

L.t272 0.lGr? 0.00852
ldl
.,.7n
1.7672
2. {053
0. ¡'¿50
0. r{5t
0.012372
0 0¡6703
. 2.0m 3 .i l ¡ 6 0.1667 0.02tEr7
2.z!fr 3.9761 0.1875 0.027612
2.500 |.90E? 0.20e¡ 0.031088
2.?50 5.9396 o-n92 0 .0-rt 2{7
3-000 7.06S 0.25C0 0.04909 0.mt60 0.omo
3.5m 9.621 0.2917 0.06ri8¡ 0.0)137 0.msr{
{.m0 12.5€6 0. 3333 o.08727 0.mr20 o.oüxs(t
{ .5(f) 15.90{ 0.3750 0. il0{5 0.00107 0.m{m
5.m 196
.{ 0 .{ 1 6 7 0. ¡3&{ 0.000960 0.00dFo
6.m 28.27 0.500 0.19f){ 0.0m8ü) 0.oGm
8.00 50.27 0 .667 0.3.r91 0.000600 0.@@5
¡o.m 78.5{ 0 t3:¡ 0. 5{5.1 0.000{80 0.mrs
l2.m ¡ 1 3 t. 0 l.m0 0.7854 0.000.100 0.(mt5o
¡{.00 t53.9{ l. t67 t .0690 0.0003{3 o.m¡29
t6.m 20¡.06 l. i¡¡|3 I .3fr;3 0.@0300 0 ffi)l13
r6.m 254.47 1.5ü) | .7672 0.m0267 0.morm
20.m ltr 2 I .607 2.tt¿ 0.0m2{0 0.mmt
21 00 {52.t 2.000 3,1{2 0.m0200 0 mt?f}
30 üt ?06 0 3.500 { .009 0.0m160 0.ffid¡
36.00 r 0 ¡7 . 9 3.mo 7.C$0 0.000ts1 0.msül
{?.m l3&r.1 35m 9.02t 0.m¡r{ 0.(m{?0
{8.00 rto?.6 a.000 r 2 .5 6 6 ¡ ffit00 0.m375
51 rL N¿N 2 a.5{x) r5.gf).t 0.m0889 0.mxl:It
60m 28p7.r 5.m0 ¡9 . 6 3 5 0.moEm 0.müm

I 72.m
8{m
a07¡.5
55{t.8
6.0m
7.000
28.274
3E.485
0.m6ú7
0.ms7¡
0.üxx¡ro
0.w¡r{

I
I
t t9ll
 HYDRAU@

TABLE 4I
TEIIJIÍS
FOIT COiIIITION
CONVERSIONTAI}LE

US GaI.
x l-2
Imperial Gcllon
us GPilt
(LPS) x r5.852
Litcrs per sccond
US GPIII
Litcrs ¡rer ntinule
(LPU) x .26+2
US GP}f
x .001403
Litera per hor¡r (LPli) -
US GPIIT
Cubic ¡neters p e r l t o u r (ltt)/llt) x 4.403
US GPIII
Cubic feet ¡rer eecotrd
(CfS) x 4"18.83
tls cPlf
Pounds Per ltour
(S¡ater at ó0 F) ;r .ü03
Acre
Ilectare
x 2.47
Fcet
x 3.28
l\leters
Inchcs
x .03937
l U i l l i ¡ u e t e r s( l f l { }
PSI
Inc,lrcsof i\f ercurY
(t'n' Ifg) x .4912
.PSI
K i l o g r a r r r sP c r F q t ¡ a r e
x 142234
(Kg¡Cm?)
"entimétet PSI
l.lnr,xPl.eres
x r4.?

t e 2|