What Is Normal Range of Motion Of a Joint?

Although there is variability among individuals, the following are generally accepted values
for normal range of motion (ROM) in each joint as measured in degrees (°). Common joint
movements include flexion, extension, abducction, and adduction.

Hip

 flexion 0° to 125°
 extension 115° to 0°
 hyperextension (straightening beyond normal range) 0° to 15°
 abduction 0° to 45°
 adduction 45° to 0°
 lateral rotation (rotation away from center of body) 0° to 45°
 medial rotation (rotation towards center of body) 0° to 45°

Knee

 flexion 0° to 130°
 extension 120° to 0°

Ankle

 plantar flexion (movement downward) 0° to 50°

 dorsiflexion (movement upward) 0° to 20°

Foot

 inversion (turned inward) 0° to 35°

 eversion (turned outward) 0° to 25°

Metatarsophalangeal joints of foot

 flexion 0° to 30°
 extension 0° to 80°

Interphalangeal joints of toe

 flexion 0° to 50°
 extension 50° to 0°

Shoulder

 flexion 0° to 180°
 extension 0° to 50°
 abduction 0° to 90°
 adduction 90° to 0°
 lateral rotation 0° to 90°
 medial rotation 0° to 90°
Elbow

 flexion 0° to 160°
 extension 145° to 0°
 pronation (rotation inward) 0° to 90°
 supination (rotation outward) 0° to 90°

Wrist

 flexion 0° to 90°
 extension 0° to 70°
 abduction 0° to 25°
 adduction 0° to 65°

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

 abduction 0° to 25°
 adduction 20° to 0°
 flexion 0° to 90°
 extension 0° to 30°

Interphalangeal proximal (PIP) joints of fingers

 flexion 0° to 120°
 extension 120° to 0°

Interphalangeal distal (DIP) joint of fingers

 flexion 0° to 80°
 extension 80° to 0°

Metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

 abduction 0° to 50°
 adduction 40° to 0°
 flexion 0° to 70°
 extension 60° to 0°

Interphalangeal joint of thumb

 flexion 0° to 90°
 extension 90° to 0°

Also Known As: ROM, joint movement.