Activity 1: Kinematics

LORMA COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL AND RESPIRATORY THERAPY
ANATOMY 4: KINESIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS

ACTIVITY 1
KINEMATICS

Name: _Quiambao, Candace Vera Josefe O.________Date:__8-27-19___Score:________

Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
1. Develop awareness on the concepts of kinesiology, kinematics, osteokinematics,
arthrokinematics, biomechanics and the different theories of motion.
2. Recognize the concept of interaction between anatomical structures and physiological
function in relation to movement.
3. Apply kinesiological principles as a professional in the field of Physical Therapy in
analyzing biomechanics and diseases of human movement.
4. Integrate kinesiological principles in activities of daily living as to posture and gait.

Instruction: Fill in the necessary information in the box.

I. OSTEOKINEMATICS

A. Cardinal Planes and Axes

Actions Planes Axis

1. Plantarflexion/ Sagittal X-axis

Dorsiflexion

2. Forearm Pronation/ Horizontal Y-axis

Supination

3. Radial Deviation/ Ulnar Frontal Z-axis

Deviation

4. Foot Inversion/ Horizontal Y-axis

Eversion

5. Knee Flexion/ Sagittal X-axis

Extension

6. Hip External Rotation/ Horizontal Y-axis

Internal Rotation
7. Cervical Rotation Horizontal Y-axis

8. Shoulder Abduction/ Frontal Z-axis

Adduction

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

9. Thumb Abduction/ Sagittal X-axis

Adduction

10. Thumb Flexion/ Frontal Z-axis

Extension

B. ROM
Area DOF Actions Normal ROM Normal Endfeel

Shoulder 3 Flexion 0° to 180° (150° to Firm End Feel

180°)

Extension 0° Hard End Feel

Hyperextension 0° to 45° (40° to 60°) Hard End Feel

Abduction 0° to 180° (150° to Firm End Feel

180°)

Internal Rotation 0° to 90° (70° to 90°) Firm End Feel

External Rotation 0° to 90° (80° to 90°) Firm End Feel

Elbow 1 Flexion 0° to 145° (120° to Soft End Feel

160°)

Extension 0° Hard End Feel

Forearm 1 Supination 0° to 90° (80° to 90°) Firm End Feel

Pronation 0° to 80° (70° to 80°) Firm/Hard End Feel

Wrist 2 Flexion 0° to 90° (75° to 90°) Firm End Feel

Extension 0° to 70° (65° to 70°) Firm End Feel

Radial Deviation 0° to 20° (15° to 25°) Hard/Firm End Feel

Ulnar Deviation 0° to 30° (25° to 40°) Firm End Feel

Fingers 2 MCP Flexion 0° to 90° (85° to 100°) Firm End Feel

MCP 0° to 20° (0° to 45°) Firm End Feel

Hyperextension

MCP Abduction 0° to 20° Firm End Feel

PIP Flexion 0° to 120° (90° to 120°) Hard End Flexion

DIP Flexion 0° to 90° (80° to 90°) Firm End Feel

Thumb 2 Flexion 0° to 45° (40° to 90°) Soft End Feel

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

Extension 0° Firm End Feel

Abduction Negligible Firm End Feel

Adduction Negligible Soft End Feel

IP Flexion 0° to 90° (80° to 90°) Firm/Hard End Feel

Hip 3 Flexion 0° to 120° (110° to Soft End Feel

125°)

Hyperextension 0° to 10° (0° to 30°) Hard End Feel

Abduction 0° to 45° (40° to 55°) Firm End Feel

Adduction 0° (30° to 40° across Firm End Feel

midline)

External Rotation 0° to 45° (40° to 50°) Firm End Feel

Internal Rotation 0° to 35° (30° to 45°) Firm End Feel

Knee 1 Flexion 0° to 120° (40° to 90°) Soft End Feel

Extension 0° Firm End Feel

Ankle 3 Plantar Flexion 0° to 45° (40° to 50°) Firm End Feel

Dorsiflexion 0° to 15° (10° to 20°) Firm End Feel

Inversion 0° to 35° Firm End Feel

Eversion 0° to 20° Hard End Feel

Abduction 0° to 35° Firm End Feel

Adduction 0° to 35° Soft End Feel

Toes 2 MTP Flexion 0° to 45° (35° to 40°) Soft End Feel

MTP 0° to 80° (50° to 90°) Hard End Feel

Hyperextension

IP Flexion 0° to 60° (50° to 80°) Soft End Feel

Reference:
https://quizlet.com/6834288/thumb-movements-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/1616841/anatomy-of-the-shoulder-flash-cards/
https://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=anatomical-joint-actions
Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology 6th Edition

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

C. Kinematic Chains

1. Differentiate Open Kinematic Chain vs Closed Kinematic Chain.

In open-chain and closed-chain exercises, the chain referred to is a series of body parts,
such as a hip, knee, ankle, and foot. In an open-chain exercise, the body is stationary while
the limb moves. In closed-chain exercise, the limb is stationary while the body moves. For
example, a squat is a closed-chain exercise because your feet stay stationary while your
quadriceps do the work. In contrast, a seated leg extension is an open-chain maneuver.

2. Identify the following:

a) Bringing the hand to the mouth : open kinematic chain
b) Chin-up : closed kinematic chain
c) Seated Calf Raises : closed kinematic chain
d) Standing Calf Raises : closed kinematic chain
e) Squats : open kinematic chain
f) Lunges : closed kinematic chain
g) Chest Fly using Dumbbells : open kinematic chain
h) Dead lifts : closed kinematic chain
i) Seated Leg Extension : open kinematic chain
j) Biceps Curl : open kinematic chain

II. Arthrokinematics

A. Types of Joint
Type Structure Function Motion Example
1. Synarthrosis Fibrous Stability, Very slight Tibiofibular
Syndesmosis shock articulation
absorption
and force
transmission
2. Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous Stability with Limited Pubic Symphysis
specific and
limited
mobility

3. Diarthrosis Synovial with Mobility Free

Ligaments according to
degrees of
freedom
Irregular Contibutory Gliding Between Carpal
a) Nonaxial plane Motion bones
surfaces Between Tarsal
bones

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

b) Uniaxial 1° Hinge Motion in Flexion, Elbow,

Freedom (ginglymus: Sagittal extension interphalangeal joint
Greek: hinge) Plane of fingers and toes,
knee, ankle

Pivot Motion in Supination, Forearm, subtalar

Trochoid: Transverse pronation, joint of foot, atlas on
Greek: wheel Plane inversion, axis
sape) eversion

c) Biaxial 2°
Condyloid: Motion in Flexion and Metacarpophalangeal
freedom
Generally sagittal and extension, joints in hand and
spherical frontal planes abduction foot
convex and
surface adduction
paired with
shallow
concave
surface
Ellipsoidal: Motion in Flexion, Radiocarpal joint at
Somewhat sagittal and extension wrist
flattened frontal planes Radial and
convex ulnar
surface deviation
paired with a
fairly deep
concave
surface
Saddle: Motion in Flexion, Carpometacarpal
Each partner sagittal and extension joint of thumb
has a frontal planes abduction
concave and with some and
convex motion in adduction,
surface transverse opposition
oriented plane of thumb
perpendicular
to each other;
like a rider in
a saddle

d) Triaxial 3° Ball and Motion in all Flexion and Shoulder, hip

freedom socket: a three planes: extension,
spherical type sagittal, abduction
“ball paired and

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

with a frontal and adduction,

concave cup transverse rotation
(medial and
lateral)
Reference:
https://www.sharecare.com/health/types-exercise/what-open-closed-chain-exercises
Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology 6th Edition

B. Concave-Convex Relationship
1. Explain and Illustrate
If the moving joint surface is
CONVEX, sliding is in the OPPOSITE
direction of the angular movement of the
bone.
If the moving joint surface is CONCAVE,
sliding is in the SAME direction as the
angular movement of the bone.

C. Closed Packed and Open Packed Positions

1. Differentiate Closed Packed and Open Packed Positions
The surfaces of a joint’s segments usually match each other perfectly in
only one position of the joint. This point of congruency (coinciding exactly) is called
the close-packed position. When in this position (1) the maximum area of surface
contact occurs, (2) the attachments of the ligaments are farthest apart and under
tension,(3) capsular structures are taut, and (4) the joint is mechanically
compressed and difficult to distract (separate).In all other positions, the joint
surfaces do not fit perfectly and are incongruent; these are called open-packed, or
loose-packed positions. In the open-packed positions, the ligamentous and
capsular structures are slack, and the joint surfaces may be distracted several
millimeters. Open-packed positions allow the necessary motions of spin, roll, and
slide typically with an increase in accessory movements and decreased joint
friction. The position at which there is the least congruency and at which the
capsule and ligaments are loosest or most slack is the resting position.

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS

 Activity 1: Kinematics

2. Identify the Following:

Joints Closed-Packed Open-Packed Position

Position

Shoulder 55° Flexion with 20-30°

90°ABD & ER HABD

Humero-ulna 70° Flex with 10°

Full Extension Supination

Proximal Radio-Ulna 70° Flex with 10°

Full Pronation or
Supination Supination

Distal Radio-Ulna Full Extension and

Radial Deviation or full Neutral Position
flex
Wrist
Full Extension 20° Flexion

Hip 55°Flex. With 20-30°

Full IR Ext. & ABD HABD

Knee
Full Extension & ER 20-25° Flexion

Ankle
Full Dorsiflexion 10°Plantar Flexion

Reference:
Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology 6th Edition
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Arthrokinematics
https://covalentcareers.com/resources/basic-guide-joint-arthrokinematics/

Prepared by: JULINY GRACE F. BAUTISTA, PTRP KINESIOLOGY: KINEMATICS