caseys quiz bowl questions

Question Answer
The common rate for the delivery of nearly all medications
16-20 drops per minute.
during an IV infusion is about
has the potential to infuse the fluids too fast, resulting in excessive
A rate above 16 to 20 drops per minute
spillage of fluids into the lungs called pulmonary edema.
A medication that decreases the amount of fluid retained by the
urinary system is called a Diuretic.
BUN and creatinine are common tests for Kidney function.
Diazepam (Valium) and Midazolam (Versed) are among the
most common agents used to relax patients prior to invasive these patients need to be observed until the medications have worn
procedures. Since both of these can alter the state of off
consciousness of the patient
In order to visualize the gall bladder through the use of a
contrast media, the agent must first be removed from the blood Liver.
stream by the
A 25 gauge hypothermic needle containing 1 cc of medication is
injected at a 45 degree angle into the tissue beneath the skin. Subcutaneous administration.
This represents a
In the elderly, cathartics may be ordered to prevent what Constipation and possible fecal impaction.
following a GI series or BE?
The sensitivity of an individual to any drug or contrast agent is
the weight, age, sex and general state of health of the individual.
dependent upon
factors such as a previous history of allergies, anxiety and
all of these can influence the potential effect of a medication.
pervious reactions to a drug
1) right drug 2) right time of administration 3) right patient 4) right
The five rights of drugs administrations include
dosage 5) right route of administration.
The vasovagal or vasomotor response is most often triggered
Fear or anxiety.
by
The vasovagal and/or vasomotor response that leads to most often triggered by fear and anxiety and not the direct effects of
hypertension and severe bradycardia are the contrast agent.
The amount of time a contrast agent remains in the body is
Persistence.
termed
The normal salt concentration of the blood is about the same as or about .9% NaCl. Any solution that contains this much salt is
that of seawater referred to as being isotonic.
Any type of drug administration which involves the delivery of
medications or contrast agents into the tissue by way of an Parenteral
injection through the skin is termed
Prior to the IV administration of an iodinated contrast media, it
is important for a healthcare worker to determine if a patient Previous reactions to a medication AND severe renal disease.
has a history of
Anaphylaxis is a complex allergic type reaction that is mediated Immune System.
by the release of histamine by the
The use of sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque) is NOT considered safe Intrathecal.
for __________ injections.
A contrast media that absorbs more radiation than the organ in Positive agent.
which it is placed is termed
An allergic reaction to iodinated contrast media is more Multiple myeloma, sickle cell disease, asthma, and thyroid disorders.
frequent in patients known to have
The signs of flushing, sneezing and urticaria from an iodine Anaphylaxis.
contrast media injection are some of the warning signs of
An Intravenous urogram patient has an anaphylactic shock
reaction. The drug that is most likely to be administered from Epinephrine.
the emergency tray is
The introduction of a small dose of contrast media (sensitivity
testing) before full dosage is given, has proven to be _________ in Very unreliable.
predicting reactions.
The most commonly employed contrast media for intravenous
cholangiography is Iodipamide meglumine.
What type of contrast agent is room air? Negative.
Barium sulfate suspensions are nearly totally safe if they remain
within the GI tract. Their toxicity increases dramatically if Peritoneum or Circulatory system.
spillage occurs into the
In infants with swallowing disorders and adults with suspected
bronchoesophageal fistulas, it is often prudent to select what Oil based iodine contrast media.
type of contrast agent?
Iopanoic acid, sodium tyropanoate, and sodium ipodate are
among the most common agents used for Oral cholecystography.
Most common contrast media for arthrography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for sialography? Oil based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for esophagraphy? Barium sulfate contrast media
Most common contrast media for cholangiography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for urography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for mammography? No contrast media
Most common contrast media for hysterosalpingography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for cholecystography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
Most common contrast media for venography? Ionic water based iodine contrast media
The principle advantage of a low osmolality non-ionic contrast
agent is its decreased Toxicity.
A patient is to be scheduled for a BE, IVU, and a GI Series. The
sequence for these exams is IVP, BE, GI.
As the concentration of an iodine contrast media is increased,
an increase in ______ should be anticipated. Viscosity, Toxicity and Opacity.
Enteral administrations (the absorption of medications through the
There are two general classifications for getting materials into mucus membranes) Parenteral administrations are those that
the blood stream involve the placement of the agent into the tissues or into the blood
stream (injections).
A patient is to be scheduled for a GI series, gallbladder, and an L-spine, gallbladder, GI Series.
L-spine. What is the proper sequence?
Because of the possibility of residual contrast media, which of
the following studies is normally performed last in a sequence of Esophogram.
exams? Esophogram, BE, IVP, Gallbladder series?
The esophogram is performed last in a series because it may
2 days for the barium to be completely eliminated from the GI tract.
take up to?
A 4 year old is brought down to the radiology department for an
intravenous urogram. The radiologist orders 40% of the normal 20 cc (multiply the adult dose by 40%)
50 cc adult dosage be used. The amount to be prepared is?
A barium enema is to be performed on a patient suspected of
having a perforated bowel. The contrast media preferred for Water based iodine preparation.
this procedure would be a
A low osmolality contrast agent is able to deliver a relatively
_______ concentration of iodine with _________ particles in solution High, Fewer.
than conventional ionic contrast agents.
During radiographic exams requiring long intravenous
infusions, a _________ is often performed over typical intravenous Butterfly set.
needles.
Most of the new low osmolality contrast agents which are
angiography, urography, arthrography, and myelography
classified as multipurpose can be employed for
A commonly employed category of drugs that are used to Cathartics.
promote defecation in patients are termed
The principle reason that iopamidol and iohexol are now
beginning to replace meglumine salts as the primary agents for lower toxicity.
intravenous urography is their
In order to prevent possibly damage to the rectum, the enema
tip should never be inserted more than 4 inches.
What are two major compounds used in the formulation of a low Iohexol and Iopamidol
osmolality (non-ionic) contrast agents?
A serious complication following the administration of an iodine
contrast agent is development of a moving blood clot that Pulmonary embolus.
obstructs the blood supply to the lung. This is called a
The contrast agent that does NOT dissociate into charged
particles when placed in a solution is designated as a Non-ionic contrast agent.
The principle difference between ionic and non-ionic contrast
media is related to the ability to form charged particles or ions. less reactive and therefore cause fewer harmful effects.
Non-ionics are chemically
The cleansing of the bowel after a BE to avoid barium
Milk of Magnesia or Castor oil.
impactions can be accomplished by the use of
A common medication given for relief of bronchia spasm which Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
occasionally accompanies iodine contrast injections is
A male infant is brought to the department with a diagnosis of
pyloric stenosis. The examination that will most likely confirm GI series.
this condition is a
The types of contrast media that can be employed for use in the
subarachnoid space of the spinal canal are Oil based iodides or non-ionic water based iodides.
Ionic water-based iodides should never be used in the they may cause meningitis.
subarachnoid space because
Before a contrast media is injected, the patient should be
questioned about his/her history of allergies.

Contrast sensitivity is dependent upon a number of patient general health, age, weight, a previous history of allergies, and prior
contrast reactions which may predispose an individual to an allergic
factors including reaction.
One of the major danger signs after administration of iodine
Dysphasia.
contrast media is
Among the more serious warning signs preceding a severe
contrast reaction are dysphasia, laryngeal edema, and breathing difficulties.
When iodinated contrast media is employed, the maximum
kilovoltage that should be used is 80 kVp.

The principle route of elimination of most aqueous iodine Urinary tract.

contrast agents is the
The major property that determines the x-ray attenuation
Atomic number.
properties of the contrast media is its
The resistance of a fluid to change its form or position due to the Viscosity.
molecular cohesion is termed
A severe allergic reaction to a chemical substance (contrast
Anaphylactic shock.
media) may result in
A serious drug reaction when water-based iodine contrast is Less than 1% of the patients.
administered intravenously occurs in
Contrast reactions are reported in about 5% of all patients in
less than 1% of patients with one death occurring in about every
which these agents are used. Serious or life threatening side 40,000 patients.
effects occur in
The type of positive (radiopaque) contrast media used most a white insoluble powdered compound called barium sulfate. When
frequently in the gastrointestinal tract is mixed with water it forms a type of colloidal suspension.
When a low atomic number material is used to demonstrate the
density difference between two structures, it is termed a Negative.
_________ contrast media.
The type of contrast media most commonly employed for
Water based iodine solutions.
intravenous administration is
The type and severity of complications associated with contrast
media is related to Route of administration, Amount used, and Patient’s sensitivity.
The extent to which a material is found to be poisonous is
Toxicity.
termed
The administration of iodinated contrast agents may cause a shock, coma, renal failure, respiratory failure, and cardiac
number of serious side effects including irregularities.
Iodized oil, such as Pantopaque, is most often employed in
Irritation.
structures that are extremely sensitive to
Before the development of the less reactive non-ionic contrast
agents, a major drawback of ionic media was the high degree of irritation they caused.
When imaging of sensitive organs or cavities was required, such
oil based mixtures were employed to overcome irritation.
as the lungs or subarachnoid space