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  • File Storage Basics: Sector - Minimum Unit For A Disk

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    Ciprian Laurentiu
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    Disks are organized into sectors which are grouped into clusters that make up the minimum storage unit for a filesystem. Files are stored across disk clusters which can become fragmented, storing pieces of files in non-contiguous locations on disk. Filesystems support features like sparse files which don't use storage for empty areas, built-in compression and deduplication to reduce storage usage, journaling to record file changes for recovery, and copy-on-write to prevent data loss during file edits. These features make carving disk data impossible and provide additional metadata for recovery purposes.

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    File Storage Basics

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    Disks are organized into sectors which are grouped into clusters that make up the minimum storage unit for a filesystem. Files are stored across disk clusters which can become fragmented, storing pieces of files in non-contiguous locations on disk. Filesystems support features like sparse files which don't use storage for empty areas, built-in compression and deduplication to reduce storage usage, journaling to record file changes for recovery, and copy-on-write to prevent data loss during file edits. These features make carving disk data impossible and provide additional metadata for recovery purposes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views3 pages

    File Storage Basics: Sector - Minimum Unit For A Disk

    Uploaded by

    Ciprian Laurentiu
    Disks are organized into sectors which are grouped into clusters that make up the minimum storage unit for a filesystem. Files are stored across disk clusters which can become fragmented, storing pieces of files in non-contiguous locations on disk. Filesystems support features like sparse files which don't use storage for empty areas, built-in compression and deduplication to reduce storage usage, journaling to record file changes for recovery, and copy-on-write to prevent data loss during file edits. These features make carving disk data impossible and provide additional metadata for recovery purposes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    File Storage Basics

    sector – minimum unit for a disk

    Disk
    sectors

    cluster – minimum unit for a filesystem


    file 1 file 2 file 3 file 2

    Disk

    cluster
    frag. 1 frag. 2

    fragmentation
    File Storage Basics

    File metadata:
    • file size
    • content location often stored in inode
    • date and time of creation
    • access rights
    • ...
    • file name often stored in directory

    inodes directories

    Disk
    clusters
    File Storage Basics
    Sparse file
    Filesystem features: zeros

    • Sparse files
    • Built-in compression
    • Built-in deduplication
    • Journaling
    (intention logging)
    • Copy-on-write (CoW)
    • Checksums Deduplication

    Fragmentation, sparse storage, compression, and deduplication make carving impossible

    Journaling and copy-on-write provide additional data for recovery

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