The R.I.

P Principle of RuggedCom Products

R eliability
I mmunity
P erformance
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 The R.I.P Principle of RuggedSwitch™

Reliability
“Truly substation hardened!”
‰ Substation Hardened to same level as protective relaying devices!
‰ Meets or exceeds new standards: IEC 61850-3 and IEEE 1613!
‰ Dual Redundant Power Supplies for improved reliability and availability!
‰ -40 to +85°C Operation without fans!

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NEW IEC Standard: IEC 61850-3
IEC 61850-3
New IEC Standard (Jan/2002)
“Communications networks and
systems in substations”

‰ Higher EMI Immunity Levels than

Industrial Environments!

‰ EMI Immunity based on Substation

Environments – IEC 61000-6-5!

‰ No Data Loss or Delay requirements for

Protection, Regulation and Metering!

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 RuggedSwitch™ - IEC 61850-3 EMI Immunity
Performance

RuggedSwitch: IEC 61850-3 EMI Immunity Type Tests

TEST Description Test Levels Severity Levels
Enclosure Contact +/- 8kV 4
IEC 61000-4-2 ESD
Enclosure Air +/- 15kV 4
IEC 61000-4-3 Radiated RFI Enclosure ports 20 V/m x
Signal ports +/- 4kV @ 2.5kHz x
D.C. Power ports +/- 4kV 4
IEC 61000-4-4 Burst (Fast Transient)
A.C. Power ports +/- 4kV 4
3
Earth ground ports +/- 4kV 4
Signal ports +/- 4kV line-to-earth, +/- 2kV line-to-line 4
IEC 61000-4-5 Surge D.C. Power ports +/- 2kV line-to-earth, +/- 1kV line-to-line 3
A.C. Power ports +/- 4kV line-to-earth, +/- 2kV line-to-line 4
Signal ports 10V 3
D.C Power ports 10V 3
IEC 61000-4-6 Induced (Conducted) RFI
A.C. Power ports 10V 3
3
Earth ground ports 10V 3
IEC 61000-4-8 Magnetic Field Enclosure ports 40 A/m continuous, 1000 A/m for 1 s N/A
D.C. Power ports 30% for 0.1s, 60% for 0.1s, 100% for 0.05s N/A
IEC 61000-4-29
Voltage Dips & Interrupts 30% for 1 period, 60% for 50 periods N/A
A.C. Power ports 2
IEC 61000-4-11 100% for 5 periods, 100% for 50 periods N/A
Signal ports 2.5kV common, 1kV differential mode @ 1MHz 3
IEC 61000-4-12 Damped Oscillatory D.C. Power ports 2.5kV common, 1kV differential mode @ 1MHz 3
A.C. Power ports 2.5kV common, 1kV differential mode @ 1MHz 3
Signal ports 30V Continous, 300V for 1s 4
IEC 61000-4-16 Mains Frequency Voltage
D.C. Power ports 30V Continous, 300V for 1s 4
IEC 61000-4-17 Ripple on D.C. Power Supply D.C. Power ports 10% 3
Signal ports 2kVac (Fail-Safe Relay output) N/A
IEC 60255-5 Dielectric Strength D.C. Power ports 2kVac N/A
A.C. Power ports 2kVac N/A
Signal ports 5kV (Fail-Safe Relay output) N/A
IEC 60255-5 H.V. Impulse D.C. Power ports 5kV N/A
A.C. Power ports 5kV N/A

RuggedSwitch™ exceeds IEC 61850-3 EMI Immunity

requirements for networking
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equipment in substations.
NEW IEEE Standard: IEEE 1613
IEEE 1613
Approved March, 2003
“Standard Environmental and Testing
Requirements for Communications
Networking Devices in Electric Power
Substations”

‰ EMI Immunity Levels and Type Tests

based on Protective Relaying standards
C37.90.x

‰ Two Classes of Device Operation:

‰ CLASS 1 – communications errors
allowed during type tests
‰ CLASS 2 - “error free” operation during
type tests

‰ No cooling fans allowed!

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 RuggedSwitch™ - IEEE 1613 EMI Immunity Specs

RuggedSwitch: IEEE 1613 (C37.90.x) EMI Immunity Type Tests

TEST Description Test Levels Severity Levels
Enclosure Contact +/- 8kV N/A
IEEE C37.90.3 ESD
Enclosure Air +/- 15kV N/A
IEEE C37.90.2 Radiated RFI Enclosure ports 35 V/m N/A
Signal ports +/- 4kV @ 2.5kHz N/A
D.C. Power ports +/- 4kV N/A
IEEE C37.90.1 Fast Transient
A.C. Power ports +/- 4kV N/A
Earth ground ports 3 +/- 4kV N/A
Signal ports 2.5kV common mode @ 1MHz N/A
IEEE C37.90.1 Oscillatory D.C. Power ports 2.5kV common & differential mode @ 1MHz N/A
A.C. Power ports 2.5kV common & differential mode @ 1MHz N/A
Signal ports 2kVac N/A
IEEE C37.90 Dielectric Strength D.C. Power ports 2kVac N/A
A.C. Power ports 2kVac N/A

RuggedSwitch™ meets EMI Immunity requirements for

IEEE 1613 and qualifies as a Class 2 device!
(i.e. error free during EMI type tests)!

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 RuggedSwitch™ - Dual Redundant Power Supplies

Primary Power Supply Secondary Power Supply

24Vdc, 48Vdc or 24Vdc, 48Vdc or
HI=(88Vdc - 300Vdc / 85Vac -264Vac) HI=(88Vdc - 300Vdc / 85Vac -264Vac)

RuggedSwitch™ supports substation grade,

dual redundant power supplies each of which can be
operated at a different voltage!
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 The R.I.P Principle of RuggedSwitch™

Immunity
“Performs in high noise
environments”
‰ Zero-Packet-Loss™ technology under EMI stress.
‰ Class 2 device operation as defined in IEEE 1613
‰ Fiber optical ports for immunity to high noise environments.

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 EPRI Tests: EMI Susceptibility of UTP &
STP Copper Cables
EPRI (AEP) 1997 EMI Immunity Testing

Transient IEC 1000-4-4

Generator E.F.T.
Copper
CAT5 Cable
Coupling
Coupling

Data Frames

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 Fiber v.s. Copper Quantified

Rockwell Automation - Study CMR of Copper Cable (2002)

• Induced RFI (IEC 61000-4-6) Applied to CAT5 cable to test CMR.
• Common mode noise coupling will occur via adjacent cabling
•Resultant Bit Error Rate:
• 22% @ 10Vrms (noise coupled)!
EPRI - Study of copper Cable for UCA (1997)
• Looked at susceptibility of shielded and unshielded CAT5 cable to electrical
fast transients (IEC 61000-4-4) which are a common EMI phenomenon in
substations.
•Results indicated large communications frame loss rates:
• 32% @ 1kV
• 66% @ 2kV
• 75% @ -2kV
Fiber is required for real-time control applications where
communications errors 10or delays can’t be tolerated.
 RuggedSwitch™ - “Zero-Packet-Loss™ Technology”

EMI & Electrical Transients

Generator for IEEE 1613, IEC
61850-3 EMI Immunity Testing.

EMI & Electrical Transients are

applied to the unit during operation!

Ingoing packets are injected into

the switch at 100% frame rate on
all ports by a SmartBits simulator. Outgoing packets are monitored
to insure that there are no errors,
Test PC delays or loss!

SmartBits(Network Simulator/Analyzer)

RuggedSwitch™ provides error-free operation during

the application of EMI type tests.
Qualifies as IEEE 1613 Class
11 2 Networking Device
 When you need - “Zero-Packet-Loss™ Technology”!

Substation LAN

GOOSE
Message

Protective
Relay

PLC

Substation LAN for real-time protection and control

systems.
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 When you really need “Zero-Packet-Loss™ Technology” -
fault scenario!

Power System Fault Substation LAN

Current Waveform
GOOSE

τ = 16.7ms Message

Protective
Relay

PLC

• Fault period will be period of:

• High levels of transient EMI phenomena!
• High levels of multicast traffic (e.g. GOOSE messages)
• Sub-cycle (i.e. ≤ 16.67ms) processing by IEDs and critical
communications performance by the LAN ( < 4ms)!
• Time when you can’t have 13 communications errors!
 The R.I.P Principle of RuggedSwitch™

Performance
“RuggedSwitch™ Operating System
Designed for real-time control!”
‰ IEEE 802.3x Full-Duplex operation for zero collisions.
‰ IEEE 802.1p Priority Queuing for high priority real-time control.
‰ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN for isolating real-time traffic.
‰ IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree for fault-tolerant loop architectures.
‰ IGMP Snooping for multicast filtering and management.
‰ SNMP with RMON and Port Mirroring for network management and
diagnostics.

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 Full-Duplex Operation (IEEE 802.3x)
No Collisions! No CSMA/CD!

Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx
Full-Duplex
Ports

IED IED IED

#1 #2 #N

RuggedSwitch™ ports operate in full-duplex mode for

‘collision free’
deterministic performance with flow-control.
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 Priority Queuing (IEEE 802.1p)
Allows for prioritization of network traffic for real-time control.

Multiple Priority Queue(s)

1 2 n

In-coming Frames
Priority
Port Transmit Queue
Queue
Mapping

Normal Priority Queue Inside the Switch

(per port)

IEEE 802.1p allows prioritization

prioritization for critical messages – 8 levels!
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 VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q)
Allows Segregation of Network Traffic
Substation
Substation
Computer
Computer

VLAN
VLAN VLAN
VLAN
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IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

Real-time
Real-time Control
Control IEDs
IEDs Data
Data collection
collection IEDs
IEDs
e.g.
e.g. Relays,
Relays, RTUs
RTUs e.g.
e.g. Meters,
Meters, DFR
DFR

RuggedSwitch™ VLAN allows segregation of IEDs

based on security and real-time
17 traffic requirements.
 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)
Allows Fault Tolerant Ring Architectures

PATH 1 PATH 2

100Mbps
100Mbps Fiber
Fiber
Optical Loop
Optical Loop

Fault
Fault

IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED

RuggedSwitch™ RSTP provides ‘fast’ fail over times!

(< 5ms per hop v.s. 300ms
18 of competitors!)
 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)
High-Availability, High-Performance System

Fault DUAL RS1600F - 100Mbps “Backbone” Switches

Fault
100Mbps
Fiber Optical
Uplink Ports IED’s with

Fault Fault Dual Redundant

Ethernet
Ports
Fault

Fault

IEDs IEDs

• Tolerates multiple link faults and multiple switch failure faults.

• Rapid Spanning Tree detects faults and and reconfigures paths.

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 IGMP Snooping
Allows Multicast Traffic Filtering
Remote
Remote
Computer
Computer

IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED IED
IED
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

Producer Consumer
Consumer IEDs
IEDs
Producer IEDs
IEDs
e.g. e.g.
e.g. Relays, Meters, RTUs
Relays, Meters, RTUs
e.g. Digital
Digital CT/VTs
CT/VTs

•• IP
IP (Layer
(Layer 3)
3) Multicast
Multicast Traffic
Traffic from
from Producer
Producer IEDs
IEDs can
can be
be assigned
assigned to
to
specific
specific Consumer
Consumer IEDs
IEDs interested
interested in
in receiving
receiving the
the streams.
streams.
•• RuggedSwitch™
RuggedSwitch™ supports
supports both
both passive
passive and
and active
active (i.e.
(i.e. routerless)
routerless) IGMP.
IGMP.
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 5 Reasons to put one in your substation

‰Truly “Substation Hardened” - designed for the substation!

“IEEE 1613 – Class 2 Device, Exceeds IEC 61850-3”

‰Zero-packet-loss™ technology under EMI stress!

“No communications packets are lost during application of EMI type tests”

‰Extended Temperature range: (-40 to 85)°C !

“No rotating mechanical parts (i.e. No Fans!) ensuring the highest reliability”

‰ Advanced Layer 2/3 functions for real-time control:

“Fully managed switch with all the p’s & Q’s: IEEE 802.1p, 802.1Q, 802.1w”

‰5 Year Warranty !
“Best warranty in the business backed by unsurpassed customer support!”

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