Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686
7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ,17(5(1*
(IIHFWVRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQRQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPV
/XFLDQ,RDQ'XOăXD
0LKDLO$EUXGHDQE'RULQ%LFăF
D
3K'6FKRRO6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\RI$XWRPDWLRQDQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI&OXM1DSRFD&OXM1DSRFD5RPDQLD
)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUHú7vUJX0XUHú5RPDQLD
E
'HSDUWPHQWRI$XWRPDWLRQ)DFXOW\RI$XWRPDWLRQDQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI&OXM1DSRFD&OXM1DSRFD5RPDQLD
F
'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUHú7vUJX0XUHú5RPDQLD
$EVWUDFW
7KLVSDSHUGHVFULEHVWKHHIIHFWVRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQRQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPV'LVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQLVDWHUPWKDWUHIHUVWR
WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI HOHFWULFLW\ QHDU WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ SODFH 7KH HIIHFWV RI GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ DUH VKRUW FLUFXLW OHYHOV DUH
LQFUHDVHGORDGORVVHVFKDQJHYROWDJHSURILOHVFKDQJHDORQJWKHQHWZRUNYROWDJHWUDQVLHQWVZLOODSSHDUFRQJHVWLRQVFDQDSSHDU
LQV\VWHPEUDQFKHVSRZHUTXDOLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\PD\EHDIIHFWHGDQGWKHQHWZRUNVSURWHFWLRQVPD\QRWIXQFWLRQSURSHUO\$ORDG
IORZDQDO\VLVLVGRQHIRUWKH,(((V\VWHPLQZKLFKDGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWRULVDGGHGWKDWLVRQJULGRURIIJULG
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9
© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Petru Maior University of Tirgu Mures.
³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUH܈
.H\ZRUGVGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPHIIHFWVORDGIORZDQDO\VLV,(((
,QWURGXFWLRQ
,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH DUH IRFXVHG RQ DQDO\]LQJ WKH PDLQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ DQG WKH HIIHFWV RI
GLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQRQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPV
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
(PDLODGGUHVVGXODXOXFLDQ#JPDLOFRP
2212-0173 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Petru Maior University of Tirgu Mures.
doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.549
682 Lucian Ioan Dulău et al. / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686
7KH WHUP GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ '* UHIHUV WR WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI HOHFWULFLW\ QHDU WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ SODFH 7KH
GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ UHVRXUFHV DUH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJLHV DQG FRJHQHUDWLRQ VLPXOWDQHRXV SURGXFWLRQ RI KHDW DQG
HOHFWULFLW\>@
5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ LV HQHUJ\ IURP QDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV VXFK DV ZLQG VXQOLJKW WLGHV ZDYHV JHRWKHUPDO KHDW DQG
ELRPDVV>@
'LVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ VRPH IHDWXUHV ZKLFK KDYH QRW EHHQ SUHVHQW LQ WUDGLWLRQDO FHQWUDOL]HG
V\VWHPVUDWKHUIUHHORFDWLRQLQWKHQHWZRUNDUHDUHODWLYHO\VPDOOJHQHUDWHGSRZHUDQGYDULDWLRQRIJHQHUDWHGSRZHU
GHSHQGHQWRQWKHDYDLODELOLW\DQGYDULDELOLW\RISULPDU\HQHUJ\>@
2QHRIWKHPDLQDGYDQWDJHVRI'*LVLWVFORVHSUR[LPLW\WRWKHFRQVXPHUORDGV'*FDQSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQ
LPSURYLQJ WKH UHOLDELOLW\ RI WKH JULG UHGXFLQJ WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ ORVVHV SURYLGLQJ EHWWHU YROWDJH VXSSRUW DQG
LPSURYLQJWKHSRZHUTXDOLW\7KHGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQDOVRUHGXFHVJUHHQKRXVHJDVHPLVVLRQDGGUHVVLQJSROOXWDQW
FRQFHUQVE\SURYLGLQJFOHDQDQGHIILFLHQWHQHUJ\>@
,Q7DEOH>@,SUHVHQWWKHPRVWFRPPRQO\XVHG'*WHFKQRORJLHVDQGWKHLUW\SLFDOPRGXOHVL]H
7DEOH7\SLFDODYDLODEOHVL]HSHUPRGXOHIRU'*
7HFKQRORJ\ 7\SLFDODYDLODEOHVL]HSHU
SRZHUPRGXOH
6PDOO+\GUR 0:
0LFUR+\GUR N:0:
:LQG7XUELQH :0:
%LRPDVV*DVLILFDWLRQ N:0:
*HRWKHUPDO 0:
2FHDQ(QHUJ\ N:0:
'LVWULEXWHG (QHUJ\ 5HVRXUFHV '(5 KDG FKDQJHG PDQ\ DVSHFWV RI GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP RSHUDWLRQ GHVLJQ DQG
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ%\LQFUHDVLQJPRUHGHFHQWUDOL]HGV\VWHPVZLWKVPDOOHUJHQHUDWLQJXQLWVFRQQHFWLQJGLUHFWO\WRWKH
GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUNVQHDUGHPDQGFRQVXPSWLRQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQFRPSDQLHVUHGXFHORVVLQWKHLUQHWZRUNV>@
7KHRSHUDWLRQRIDGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPZLWKDODUJHDPRXQWRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQUDLVHVDQXPEHURILVVXHV>@
x YROWDJHSURILOHVFKDQJHDORQJWKHQHWZRUNGHSHQGLQJRQKRZPXFKSRZHULVSURGXFHGDQGFRQVXPHGDWWKDW
V\VWHPOHYHOOHDGLQJWRDEHKDYLRUGLIIHUHQWIURPWKDWRIDW\SLFDOXQLGLUHFWLRQDOQHWZRUN
x YROWDJHWUDQVLHQWVZLOODSSHDUDVDUHVXOWRIFRQQHFWLRQDQGGLVFRQQHFWLRQRIJHQHUDWRUVRUHYHQDVDUHVXOWRI
WKHLURSHUDWLRQ
x SRZHUIORZLVELGLUHFWLRQDO)LJ
x VKRUWFLUFXLWOHYHOVDUHLQFUHDVHG
x ORDGORVVHVFKDQJHDVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGORDGOHYHOV
x FRQJHVWLRQLQV\VWHPEUDQFKHVLVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGORDGOHYHOV
x SRZHUTXDOLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\PD\EHDIIHFWHG
x XWLOLW\SURWHFWLRQDQG'*SURWHFWLRQPHDVXUHVPXVWEHFRRUGLQDWHG
Lucian Ioan Dulău et al. / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686 683
)LJ$XQLGLUHFWLRQDOFHQWUDOO\GHOLYHUHGSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPOHIWDQGDELGLUHFWLRQDOV\VWHPZLWKGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQULJKW>@
(IIHFWVRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQRQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPV
7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOLPSRUWDQWHIIHFWVRI'*RQHOHFWULFSRZHUV\VWHPVWKDW,SUHVHQWIXUWKHU
2SHUDWLRQDQGFRQWURO
'*RXWSXWLVYDULHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHORFDOORDGYDULDWLRQ'*SRZHURXWSXWFDQDOVREHFRQWUROOHGLQGHSHQGHQWO\
RIWKHORFDOORDGLQJRIWKHDUHD7KLVFRQWUROPRGHLVLPSOHPHQWHGLI'*RSHUDWLRQIROORZVSULFHVLJQDOZKLFKPLJKW
RUPLJKWQRWFRUUHVSRQGWRWKHORFDOORDGYDULDWLRQVRU'*IROORZVWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVOLNHVRODURU
ZLQGSRZHU,QWKLVFDVH'*PLJKWDGYHUVHO\DIIHFWWKHYROWDJHFRQWUROIXQFWLRQDOLW\RIWKHQHWZRUNE\LQFUHDVLQJ
WKHYDULDWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHPD[LPXPDQGPLQLPXPYROWDJHOHYHOFRPSDUHGWRDVLWXDWLRQZKHQ'*LVQRWDYDLODEOH
6LQFHWKHPLQLPXPYROWDJHOHYHOFRXOGUHPDLQXVXDOO\DWDKLJKORDGQR'*VLWXDWLRQEXWWKHPD[LPXPYROWDJH
OHYHO FRXOG LQFUHDVH HJ LQ ORZ ORDG VLWXDWLRQV ZLWK '* RSHUDWLQJ DW PD[LPXP SURGXFWLRQ DQG DW D XQLW\ SRZHU
IDFWRU*HQHUDOO\VSHDNLQJ'*FDQSURYLGHVRPHFKDOOHQJHVWRWKHWUDGLWLRQDOYROWDJHIUHTXHQF\DQGSRZHUFRQWURO
>@
'XHWRODUJHSHQHWUDWLRQRI'*WKHUHLVULVNRIFRQWURODQGVWDELOLW\LVVXHV,IDFLUFXLWEUHDNHULQDGLVWULEXWLRQ
V\VWHPRSHQVLWFRXOGUHVXOWVLQDQLVODQGLQJRID'*XQLW,IWKHORVVRIPDLQVLVQRWGHWHFWHGE\WKH'*XQLWIRU
H[DPSOHGXHWRLQVXIILFLHQWIDXOWFXUUHQWWKH'*XQLWZLOOFRQWLQXHWRRSHUDWH,IWKH'*XQLWLVDEOHWRPDWFKDFWLYH
DQGUHDFWLYHSRZHURIWKHORDGLQWKHLVODQGHGV\VWHPSUHFLVHO\WKHQWKHLVODQGHGV\VWHPFRXOGFRQWLQXHWRRSHUDWH
ZLWKRXWDQ\SUREOHP,WLVKRZHYHUYHU\XQUHDOLVWLFWKDW'*ZLOOH[DFWO\PDWFKWKHORDGLQWKHV\VWHPGXULQJWKH
WLPHWKHFLUFXLWEUHDNHURSHQVVRODUJHIUHTXHQF\RUYROWDJHYDULDWLRQVZLOORFFXUZKHQWKH'*XQLWWULHVWRVXSSO\
ORDG 6R PRVW LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ UXOHV UHTXLUH D ORVVRIPDLQ GHWHFWLRQ V\VWHP ZKLFK DXWRPDWLFDOO\ GLVFRQQHFWV WKH
'*XQLWLQFDVHRIDORVVRIPDLQDQGWKHXQLWUHPDLQVGLVFRQQHFWXQWLOWKHJULGLVUHVWRUHG>@
&KDQJHRIVKRUWFLUFXLWFDSDFLW\
7KHLQVWDOODWLRQRIQHZGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWRUVLQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUNVSRWHQWLDOO\LQFUHDVHVWKHOHYHORIVKRUW
FLUFXLWFDSDFLW\6&&$OWKRXJKVRPHWLPHVLWLVGHVLUDEOHWRKDYHDKLJK6&&HJDWWKHSRLQWRIFRQQHFWLRQRI
684 Lucian Ioan Dulău et al. / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686
WKHLQYHUWHURIDOLQHFRPPXWDWHG+9'&VWDWLRQRULQWKHSUHVHQFHRIODUJHORDGVZLWKUDSLGO\YDU\LQJGHPDQGVLQ
JHQHUDOWKHLQFUHDVHRIWKH6&&SRWHQWLDOO\LQGLFDWHVDSUREOHP>@
6WDELOLW\
7UDGLWLRQDOO\GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUNGHVLJQGLGQRWQHHGWRFRQVLGHULVVXHVRIVWDELOLW\DVWKHQHWZRUNZDVSDVVLYH
DQGUDGLDODQGUHPDLQHGVWDEOHXQGHUPRVWFLUFXPVWDQFHVSURYLGHGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQQHWZRUNZDVLWVHOIVWDEOH%XW
WKLVLVZLOOFKDQJHDVWKHSHQHWUDWLRQRIWKHVHVFKHPHVLQFUHDVHVDQGWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQWRQHWZRUNVHFXULW\EHFRPHV
JUHDWHU7KHDUHDVWKDWQHHGWREHFRQVLGHUHGLQFOXGHWUDQVLHQWILUVWVZLQJVWDELOLW\DVZHOODVORQJWHUPG\QDPLF
VWDELOLW\DQGYROWDJHFROODSVH>@
9ROWDJHOHYHORILQWHJUDWLRQDQGLQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ
%HFDXVH RI WKH XQLGLUHFWLRQDO GHVLJQ RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN WKH YROWDJH UHGXFHV ZLWK GLVWDQFH
IURPWKHJHQHUDWRURUWUDQVIRUPHU7KHVHYROWDJHGURSVDUHSUHGLFWDEOHDQGWKH\DUHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQWKHGHVLJQ
RIWKHQHWZRUNVRWKDWWKHYROWDJHLVZLWKLQWROHUDQFHXQGHUDOOQRUPDOFRQGLWLRQV:KHQD'*XQLWLVFRQQHFWHGWKH
FXUUHQW IORZV DUH FKDQJHG RU HYHQ UHYHUVHG DQG WKH YROWDJH ZLOO JHQHUDOO\ LQFUHDVH LQ D ZD\ WKDW LV QRW HDV\ WR
SUHGLFW7KHUHTXLUHPHQWWRPHHWVWDWXWRU\YROWDJHOLPLWVUHVWULFWVWKHFDSDFLW\RI'*WKDWFDQEHFRQQHFWHGWRWKH
V\VWHPSDUWLFXODUO\DWWKHORZYROWDJHOHYHO>@
)LJ9ROWDJHULVHGXHWRUHYHUVHGSRZHUIORZGXHWR'*>@
9ROWDJHZDYHIRUPGHYLDWLRQVKDUPRQLFV
7KHFRQQHFWLRQRID'*XQLWWRWKHQHWZRUNFDQLQIOXHQFHWKHOHYHORIKDUPRQLFYROWDJHGLVWRUWLRQGHSHQGLQJRQ
ZKHWKHU LW LV DQ HOHFWURQLF FRQYHUWHU RU D URWDWLQJ PDFKLQH 3RZHU HOHFWURQLFV LQWHUIDFHV RIIHU DGYDQFHG V\VWHP
VXSSRUWSRVVLELOLWLHVEXWZLOOLQMHFWKDUPRQLFFXUUHQWVLQWRWKHV\VWHP'HSHQGLQJRQWKHWRSRORJ\RIWKHV\VWHPDQG
WKHLPSHGDQFHDWWKHFRQQHFWLRQSRLQWH[FHVVLYHYROWDJHKDUPRQLFOHYHOVPD\RFFXUORFDOO\RUHOVHZKHUHLQWKHJULG
5RWDWLQJ JHQHUDWRUV FDQ DOVR LQMHFW KDUPRQLFV GXH WR WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH ZLQGLQJ DQG FRUH QRQOLQHDULWLHV 7KH
UHOHYDQFHRIWKLVDVSHFWGHSHQGVRQWKHJULGOD\RXWDQGVSHFLILF'*GHWDLOV>@
3RZHUTXDOLW\
'LIIHUHQW '*V KDYH GLIIHUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG WKXV FUHDWH GLIIHUHQW SRZHU TXDOLW\ LVVXHV 7KH HIIHFW RI
LQFUHDVLQJWKHQHWZRUNIDXOWOHYHOE\DGGLQJJHQHUDWLRQRIWHQOHDGVWRLPSURYHGSRZHUTXDOLW\$QRWDEOHH[FHSWLRQ
LVWKDWDVLQJOHODUJH'*HJDZLQGWXUELQHRQDZHDNQHWZRUNPD\OHDGWRSRZHUTXDOLW\SUREOHPVSDUWLFXODUO\
GXULQJ VWDUWLQJ DQG VWRSSLQJ ([FHVVLYH XVH RI SRZHU HOHFWURQLFV GHYLFHV DQG PRGHUQ FRQWUROV LQWURGXFHV SRZHU
TXDOLW\SUREOHPVDQGWKHVHGHYLFHVDUHYHU\LQFOLQHGWRSRZHUTXDOLW\SUREOHPV>@
Lucian Ioan Dulău et al. / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686 685
8QEDODQFLQJ
9DULRXV '*V ZKLFK VXSSO\ WR WKH QHWZRUN LQ VLQJOHSKDVH DUH DYDLODEOH ,I LW H[LVWV WKH XQEDODQFLQJ RI WKH
V\VWHPZLOORFFXUDQGLWVKRXOGQRWLQFUHDVHEH\RQGWKHSHUPLVVLEOHOLPLW0RUHRYHURSHUDWLRQRI'*VXIIHUVZLWK
WKHXQEDODQFLQJRIORDGVLQWKHSKDVHV7KHLUSHUIRUPDQFHGHWHULRUDWHVGXHWRXQEDODQFLQJ>@
3URWHFWLRQV\VWHPUHTXLUHPHQWV
&DVHVWXG\
7KHORDGIORZFDVHVWXG\LVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJWKH1HSODQVRIWZDUHIRUWKH,(((WHVWV\VWHP>@$'*VRXUFH
D0:ZLQGWXUELQHLVDGGHGWRWKLVV\VWHPZKLFKLVSUHVHQWHGLQILJXUH7KHORDGIORZLVFDOFXODWHGIRUWKH
FDVHVLQZKLFKWKHGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\VRXUFHLVRQJULGRURIIJULG
)LJ7HVWV\VWHP
686 Lucian Ioan Dulău et al. / Procedia Technology 12 (2014) 681 – 686
7DEOH5HVXOWVRIWKHVLPXODWLRQ
7KHSRZHUORVVHVDUHORZHULIWKHGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWRULVRQJULG
&RQFOXVLRQV
7KHGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQKDVDJUHDWHULPSDFWRQHQHUJ\ORVVHVYROWDJHSURILOHIOLFNHUKDUPRQLFVVKRUWFLUFXLW
OHYHOVLVODQGLQJUHOLDELOLW\DQGQHWZRUNSURWHFWLRQV
'LVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHVPDQ\EHQHILWVLQFOXGLQJHOHFWULFLW\LVJHQHUDWHGQHDUWKHSODFHRIFRQVXPSWLRQ
WKHSRZHUVXSSO\VHFXULW\LVLQFUHDVHGGXHWRWKHYDULHW\RIHQHUJ\VRXUFHVUHGXFWLRQRISRZHUORVVHVLQWKHQHWZRUN
DV VKRZQ LQ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ 1HSODQ VRIWZDUH FUHDWLQJ D PRUH FRPSHWLWLYH HQHUJ\ PDUNHW WKH
UHVRXUFHV XVHG DUH UHQHZDEOH DQG UHGXFWLRQ RI JUHHQKRXVH JDV HPLVVLRQV HVSHFLDOO\ FDUERQ GLR[LGH IURP WKH
EXUQLQJRIIRVVLOIXHOV
$OWKRXJKWKHVHDQGRWKHUDGGLWLRQDOEHQHILWVDUHFOHDUO\LGHQWLILHGGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\
UHVRXUFHVDUHQRWDOZD\VHFRQRPLFDOO\YLDEOH
7KHLUYLDELOLW\LVFORVHO\UHODWHGWRHQHUJ\SULFHVDQGWKHPHDVXUHVWDNHQE\WKHQDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWVWRVWLPXODWH
GLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVUHQHZDEOHHQHUJLHVDQGFRJHQHUDWLRQ
+RZHYHUWKHEHQHILWVRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQZLOOEHZLGHO\DFFHSWHGLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ $FNHUPDQQ7HWDO'LVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQDGHILQLWLRQ(OHFWULF3RZHU6\VWHPV5HVHDUFK
>@ %HJRYLü0HWDO,PSDFWRI5HQHZDEOH'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQRQ3RZHU6\VWHPVWK+DZDLL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP
6FLHQFHV
>@ %ORHP-3URGXFHUHDGLVWULEXLWăúLUHJHQHUDELOă,QWHJUDUHúLLQWHUFRQHFWDUH&DOLWDWHDúLXWLOL]DUHDHQHUJLHLHOHFWULFH*KLGGHDSOLFDUH
'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQDQG5HQHZDEOHV,QWHJUDWLRQDQGLQWHUFRQQHFWLRQTXDOLW\DQGXVHRIHOHFWULFLW\$SSOLFDWLRQ*XLGHZZZVLHUUR
>@ 'XOăX/-+\EULG:LQGDQG6RODU3RZHU6\VWHPQG,)$&:RUNVKRSRQ&RQYHUJHQFHRI,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJLHVDQG&RQWURO0HWKRGV
ZLWK3RZHU6\VWHPV3RVWHU6HVVLRQ
>@ 2FKRD/)HWDO0LQLPL]LQJ(QHUJ\/RVVHV2SWLPDO$FFRPPRGDWLRQDQG6PDUW2SHUDWLRQRI5HQHZDEOH'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQ,(((
7UDQVDFWLRQV2Q3RZHU6\VWHPV
>@ 3DGKL3HWDO'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQ,PSDFWVDQG&RVW$QDO\VLV6SHFLDO,VVXHRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI3RZHU6\VWHP2SHUDWLRQDQG
(QHUJ\0DQDJHPHQW
>@ 3HSHUPDQV*HWDO'LVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQGHILQLWLRQEHQHILWVDQGLVVXHV(QHUJ\3ROLF\
>@ 6KHLNKL$HWDO'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQ3HQHWUDWLRQ,PSDFWRQ'LVWULEXWLRQ1HWZRUNV/RVV,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ5HQHZDEOH
(QHUJLHVDQG3RZHU4XDOLW\
>@ 6LQJK61HWDO'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQLQ3RZHU6\VWHPV$Q2YHUYLHZDQG.H\,VVXHV,QGLDQ(QJLQHHULQJ&RQJUHVV
>@ :DVLDN,HWDO,QWHJUDWLRQRIGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\VRXUFHVZLWKHOHFWULFDOSRZHUJULG%XOOHWLQ2I7KH3ROLVK$FDGHP\2I6FLHQFHV
7HFKQLFDO6FLHQFHV
>@ ZZZQHSODQFK